Dibana namaSan namaKhoikhoi - abantu bokuqala ukuhlala kuMzantsi Afrika - uze ufumanise indlela ukugcina izilwanyana okwayitshintsha ngayo indlela abantu ababephila ngayo.
Speaker notes
Wamkela abafundi kwibali labantu bokuqala kuMzantsi Afrika. Chaza amaqela amabini amakhulu abaza kudibana nawo: amaSan, ababengabazingeli-abaqokeleli, kunye namaKhoikhoi, ababengabelusi. Babuze ukuba bacinga ukuba amagama athi 'umzingeli-umqokeleli' 'nomalusi' asenokuthetha ntoni ngaphambi kokuba uqale. [SME] Iminyaka yale mibutho inikwa njengoqikelelo olulula olulungele iBanga 5.
AmaSan yayingabantu bokuqala ukuhlala kuMzantsi Afrika, kwiminyaka eliwaka amaninzi eyadlulayo.
AmaSan yayingabantu bokuqala kuMzantsi Afrika. Babehlala apha kudala phambi kokuba kubekho izixeko, iifama okanye ukubhala. Eli xesha libizwa ngokuba yiXesha Lamatye Lamva, kuba abantu babesenza izixhobo zabo ngamatye, ngomthi nangethambo.
- AmaSan awazange akhe izixeko ezisisigxina - ayefuduka esuka kwenye indawo aye kwenye.
- Ayephila ngomhlaba ngokuzingela izilwanyana nangokuqokelela izityalo zasendle.
- Kamva kakhulu, elinye iqela elibizwa ngokuba ngamaKhoikhoi lafika nezilwanyana zokwalusa.
Speaker notes
Misela imeko ngengqiqo yexesha elidala kakhulu. Abafundi beBanga 5 bakufumanisa kunzima ukucinga 'ngeminyaka eliwaka eyadlulayo', ngoko yithelekise nookhokho abaninzi kakhulu abadlulayo. Yazisa igama elithi 'ukubhadula' (ukuhamba-hamba) elivela kwakhona. Chaza ukuba sifunda ngaba bantu ngezinto abazishiya ngasemva, njengezixhobo nemizobo esemayweni.
AmaSan ayefumana yonke into ayeyidinga kwindalo eyayiwangqongile.
AmaSan ayesindisa ubomi ngokuzingela izilwanyana zasendle ezinjenge-gemsbok nezinye iinyamakazi, nangokuqokelela izityalo zasendle, iingcambu, amaqunube nobusi. Ngenxa yokuba ayelandela izilwanyana namaxesha onyaka, ayefuduka esuka kwenye indawo aye kwenye. Sibiza le nto ngokuba yindlela yobomi yokubhadula.
- Amadoda ngokuqhelekileyo ayezingela.
- Abafazi babeqokelela izityalo baze bemba iingcambu ukuze batye.
- Babethabatha kuphela into abayidingayo, ukuze umhlaba ukwazi ukubuyela esimeni.
Speaker notes
Chaza umahluko phakathi kokuzingela nokuqokelela, nokuba zombini zazidingeka ukuze basinde - ukuqokelela izityalo kudalula kwakunika ukutya okuthembeke kakhulu. Qaphela ukwabelana ngemisebenzi phakathi kwamadoda nabafazi ngaphandle kokukugweba ngeengcinga zanamhlanje. Qinisa intlonelo amaSan ayenayo kwindalo: ayewusebenzisa ngononophelo umhlaba ukuze ungapheli.
AmaSan asungula indlela ekrelekrele yokuzingela izilwanyana ezinkulu kakhulu kunazo.
AmaSan ayesenza isaphetha nemitshaba emincinci. Ayebeka ityhefu kumancam emitshaba. Emva kokudubula isilwanyana, ayeye alandele imikhondo yaso ngokuthe cwaka - ngamanye amaxesha iintsuku ezininzi - de ityhefu yenze ukuba sibuthathaka ngokwaneleyo ukuze sibanjwe. Izakhono ezilungileyo zokulandela imikhondo zazibaluleke kakhulu.
- Ityhefu yayivela kwizityalo, kwiinyoka okanye kwiimbungu zamabhungane.
- Abazingeli kwakufuneka basondele kakhulu baze badubule kanye kuphela.
- Babefunda imikhondo esesantini ukuze balandele isilwanyana.
Speaker notes
Le slide ibonisa isakhono nolwazi lwamaSan, kungekhona nje ukusinda kuphela. Gxininisa umonde nokuqonda okunzulu kwendalo okwakufunwa ukuze kulandelwe isilwanyana iintsuku ezininzi nokwazi ukuba zeziphi izityalo ezenza ityhefu. Phatha igama elithi 'ityhefu' ngokucacileyo nangokwenene - yayisisixhobo sokufumana ukutya, kungekhona sokwenzakalisa abantu. Babuze abafundi ukuba kutheni ukudubula kanye kuphela kwakubalulekile (ukuhlala ufihlakele, ukonga imitshaba).
AmaSan ayesenza yonke into ayeyifumene kwizinto ayezifumana ecaleni kwawo.
Iintonga zomlilo
Iintonga ezimbini ezihlikihlwa kunye ukwenza intlantsi. Umlilo wawunika ubushushu, ukukhanya nokutya okuphekiweyo.
Iqokobhe leqanda lenciniba
Iqanda lenciniba elingenanto lalisetyenziswa ukuthwala nokugcina amanzi, lingcwatywe ukuze ahlale epholile.
Intonga yokwemba
Intonga elolwe esetyenziswa ukwemba iingcambu namaqhuma okutya.
Ikaross
Ingubo yesikhumba eyenziwe ngesikhumba sesilwanyana, enxitywa ukufudumala nokuthwala izinto.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa ezi zinto zine ukwenza ubomi bamaSan bucace ngokupheleleyo. Bonisa ukuba yonke into yayikhaphukhaphu inokuthwalwa, kuba amaSan ayesoloko efuduka. Iintsimbi namaqokobhe amaqanda enciniba nawo ayesetyenziselwa ukuhombisa yaye ayenikwa njengezipho ukwakha ubuhlobo phakathi kwamaqela. Mema abafundi ukuba bacinge ukuba banento kuphela abanokuyithwala.
AmaSan ayehlala kumaqela amancinci apho wonke umntu wayelingana.
AmaSan ayehlala kwimibutho emincinci enabantu abamalunga ne-15 ukuya kwi-40, ngokufuthi iintsapho ezimbalwa kunye. Ayengena zinkosi yaye kwakungekho namnye owayesisityebi okanye ubaluleke ngaphezu komnye. Ayeye abelane ngokutya kwawo aze ancedane. Ayekholelwa ukuba akukho mntu unokuba ngumnini womhlaba - wawusetyenziselwa wonke umntu.
- Abafazi babenokwakha indlu yengca ngaphantsi kweyure.
- Abantwana babefunda ngokudlala nangokuxelisa abazali babo.
- Ukwabelana kwakuthetha ukuba akukho mntu owayelamba ngelixa abanye benokutya.
Speaker notes
Le yindawo elungileyo yokuthetha ngobulungisa noluntu. Yithelekise ngobunono nehlabathi lanamhlanje apho abantu benezinto zabo. Chaza ukuba ukungabikho 'kwezinkosi' kwakungathethi ukuba akukho mithetho - iqela lalisenza izigqibo kunye yaye abadala babehlonelwa. Gcina ithoni ihloniphekile yaye uphephe ukwenza ubomi bamaSan bavakale 'bulula' okanye 'bungaphucukanga'; babulungele kakuhle ihlabathi labo.
AmaSan ayepeyinta aze aqophe imizobo eliwaka ematyeni nasezindongeni zemiqolomba.
Ubugcisa bamatye buthetha imizobo epeyintiweyo okanye eqotshelwe ematyeni. UMzantsi Afrika unobunye bobugcisa bamatye obuhle kunabo bonke ehlabathini, kwaye uninzi lwabo lwenziwa ngamaSan. Ayepeyinta abantu nezilwanyana ezinjengempofu, esebenzisa ipeyinti eyenziwe ngemibala yendalo. Eminye imizobo kuKhahlamba Drakensberg ineminyaka emalunga ne-3 000 ubudala.
- Ipeyinti yayenziwa ngezinto ezinjengamatye abomvu naphuzi, amalahle negazi.
- Impofu, inyamakazi enkulu, yayipeyintwa ngaphezu kwazo naziphi na ezinye izilwanyana.
- Ubugcisa bamatye businceda sifunde indlela amaSan ayephila ngayo noko ayekukholelwa.
Speaker notes
Gxininisa ukuba ubugcisa bamatye yingxelo yokwenene eyashiywa ngamaSan ngokwawo - unxibelelwano nexesha elidlulileyo. Khankanya ukubaluleka okukhethekileyo kwempofu. IPhaneli edumileyo yaseLinton (ngoku esemyuziyam) yakhuthaza inxalenye yophawu lombuso lukaMzantsi Afrika. [SME] Ubudala obuchanekileyo bobugcisa bamatye buyahluka ngokwendawo; iminyaka engama-3 000 ngamanani aqinisekisiweyo anikwa yiSAHO ngeDrakensberg, kodwa imizobo emininzi mitsha yaye embalwa mdala - qinisekisa indlela yokuyibhala nge-SME.
Ubugcisa bamatye babubalulekile kwiinkolelo zamaSan, kungekhona nje ukuhombisa.
Asinakuqiniseka ngokupheleleyo ukuba kutheni amaSan ayepeyinta, kodwa iingcali ezininzi zikholelwa ukuba imizobo yayiyinxalenye yeenkolelo nobomi bawo bokomoya. Abantu abakhethekileyo ababebizwa ngokuba ngabaphilisi babesenza imidaniso ukunceda uluntu lwabo, kwaye eminye imizobo isenokubonisa oko babekuva noko babekubona. Ubugcisa busixelela nangezilwanyana nobomi amaSan ayebazi kakuhle.
- Eminye imizobo isenokunxulunyaniswa nemidaniso yokuphilisa namaphupha.
- Eminye isenokuba yenzelwa ukuzisa ithamsanqa elihle kuzingelo.
- Namhlanje ubugcisa bamatye bukhuselwe njengenxalenye yelifa likaMzantsi Afrika.
Speaker notes
Yethula intsingiselo yokomoya yobugcisa bamatye ngentlonelo nangokulula. Cacisela abafundi ukuba oku koko iingcali ezininzi zikucingayo, kungekhona inyaniso engqiniweyo - ababhali-mbali basebenzisa iimpawu ukwenza uqikelelo olunononophelo. Phepha ulwimi olunemincili malunga 'nokuthwasa' kwiBanga 5; 'imidaniso yokuphilisa' 'namaphupha' zizindlela ezithambileyo nezichanekileyo zokungena. Gxininisa ukuba ukonakalisa ubugcisa bamatye kuchasene nomthetho kuba bobabo bonke abantu. [SME] Ingcaciso yobugqirha/yokuthwasa yeyona ngcamango iphambili yezifundo kodwa iyaphikiswa - yigcine isekelwe kwelithi 'iingcali ezininzi zikholelwa'.
Malunga neminyaka engama-2 000 eyadlulayo iqela elitsha lazisa izilwanyana kuMzantsi Afrika.
AmaKhoikhoi afudukela kuMzantsi Afrika evela ngasemantla malunga neminyaka engama-2 000 eyadlulayo. Igama elithi Khoikhoi lithetha 'abantu bokwenene'. Ayengabantu abangabelusi, ababekwabizwa ngokuba ngabafuyi, kuba ayefuya aze akhathalele izilwanyana. Le yayiyindlela entsha ngokupheleleyo yokuphila awayengakhange ayibone amaSan ngaphambili.
- Abelusi bafuya izilwanyana ezifuyiweyo (ezithanjisiweyo) endaweni yokuzingela kuphela.
- NjengamaSan, amaKhoikhoi ayebhadula yaye efuduka ukufuna amadlelo.
- Ayefuya iigusha, iibhokhwe neenkomo.
Speaker notes
Yazisa utshintsho olukhulu lwesi sahluko: ukwalusa. Chaza igama elithi 'ezifuyiweyo' ngemizekelo yemihla ngemihla (inja ethambileyo okanye inkomo yasefama xa kuthelekiswa nesilwanyana sasendle). Qaphela ukuba amaKhoikhoi ayesazingela eqokelela nawo, kodwa ukufuya izilwanyana yayingumahluko omtsha nobalulekileyo. [SME] Imvelaphi nomhla ochanekileyo wokufika kokwalusa/kwamaKhoikhoi kuMzantsi Afrika kuyaphikiswa zizazi zezinto zakudala; 'iminyaka engama-2 000 eyadlulayo' ilandela izixhobo zeBanga 5 zeSAHO kwaye kulula.
Bonke ubomi bamaKhoikhoi babusekwe kwizilwanyana zawo.
AmaKhoikhoi ayefuduka nemihlambi yawo ukuze afumane ingca entsha namanzi. Izindlu zawo, ezibizwa ngokuba ngoomatjieshuise, zazenziwe ngamacansi engcongolo phezu kweentonga ezimbecembece ukuze zikwazi ukuhluthulwa zize zithwalwe emiqolo yezilwanyana. Iinkomo zazixabiseke kakhulu. Abafazi babesenga izilwanyana amadoda esazingela inyama.
- Izindlu neembiza zazenziwe zikhaphukhaphu ukuze kube lula ukuzifudusa.
- Babesela ubisi ikakhulu kunokubulala iinkomo zabo.
- Iinkomo zazityiwa kuphela ngamaxesha akhethekileyo, njengemitshato nemingcwabo.
Speaker notes
Chaza ubulumko obusebenzayo bomatjieshuis - indlu onokuyihlanganisa uyithwale. Uluvo oluphambili kukuba iinkomo zazigcinwa ziphila ngenxa yobisi nanjengobutyebi, kungekhona ikakhulu ngenxa yenyama. Lo ngumahluko omkhulu kumaSan, ayesitya izilwanyana ayezizingela. Yazisa igama elithi 'matjieshuis' ngobunono; indlela yokulibiza imalunga ne-'matchie-hoyse'.
Ukuba nezilwanyana kwenza uluntu lwamaKhoikhoi lwahluka kuluntu lwamaSan.
Speaker notes
Le yintliziyo yombuzo weCAPS othi 'ukwalusa kwaziguqula njani izizwe'. Uluvo oluphambili: ngenxa yokuba izilwanyana zazinokuba nomnini, ubutyebi bavela, yaye ndawonye nobutyebi kweza umahluko wokubaluleka neziqalo zeenkokeli. Veza ukuba oku 'akubungcono' okanye 'akububi' - yindlela nje eyahlukileyo yokuphila eyakhula ekufuyeni izilwanyana. Yenza abafundi bakhombe kumahluko omnye kwikholamu nganye.
AmaSan namaKhoikhoi ayehlala kufuphi kunye, into eyayidala ungquzulwano ngamanye amaxesha.
AmaSan namaKhoikhoi ayehlala kwiindawo ezinye. Iinkomo neegusha zamaKhoikhoi zazisitya ingca eninzi, yaye oku kwakugxotha izilwanyana zasendle amaSan ayezizingela. Xa amaSan ayelamba, ngamanye amaxesha ayethabatha izilwanyana zamaKhoikhoi ukuze atye. Oku kwakhokelela ekulweni phakathi kwala maqela mabini. Kodwa kwakukho norhwebonobuhlobo, kwaye amanye amaSan ajoyina amaqela amaKhoikhoi.
- Imihlambi yayisitya ingca, ngoko izilwanyana zasendle zafuduka.
- Amaqela omabini ayerhweba yaye elwa omnye komnye.
- Ndawonye ngamanye amaxesha abizwa ngokuba ngamaKhoisan.
Speaker notes
Nika umfanekiso olinganayo: ubudlelwane babungekuko ungquzulwano kuphela. Kwakukho urhwebo, umtshato phakathi kwamaqela nentsebenziswano kunye nokulwela izixhobo. Chaza igama elidibeneyo elithi 'amaKhoisan'. Le slide ikwamisela ngobunono imbali yamva (ukufika kwamaDatshi ngo-1652), abafundi abaza kudibana nayo ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi kumabanga akamva. Gcina ithoni ibubunyani yaye uphephe ukwenza naliphi na iqela libe 'libi'.
- Long ago Abazingeli-abaqokeleli bamaSan bahlala kuwo wonke uMzantsi Afrika
- ~3 000 years ago AmaSan apeyinta ubugcisa bamatye eDrakensberg
- ~2 000 years ago Abelusi bamaKhoikhoi bafika nezilwanyana
- Over time AmaSan namaKhoikhoi ayarhweba, ayabelana ngomhlaba yaye ngamanye amaxesha ayalwa
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa oku ukunceda abafundi balandelelanise ibali: abazingeli-abaqokeleli kuqala, abelusi kamva. Bakhumbuze ukuba le yimihla eqikelelweyo, kungekhona echanekileyo - ababhali-mbali basebenzisa igama elithi 'malunga' xa bengaqinisekanga. [SME] Yonke le mihla mine iqikelelweyo yaye yenziwe yalula kwiBanga 5; qinisekisa indlela yokuyibeka nge-SME.
AmaSan ayezingela eqokelela yaye esabelana ngayo yonke into; amaKhoikhoi ayefuya imihlambi, kwaye ukuba nezilwanyana kwaguqula indlela abantu ababephila ngayo.
AmaSan yayingabantu bokuqala baseMzantsi Afrika. Ayephila ngokuzingela nangokuqokelela, efuduka esuka kwenye indawo aye kwenye, esabelana ngayo yonke into, aze asishiyela ubugcisa bamatye obuhle. AmaKhoikhoi yayingabelusi ababefuya izilwanyana. Ngenxa yokuba izilwanyana zazinokuba nomnini, abanye abantu baba zizityebi ngaphezu kwabanye - ngoko ukwalusa kwaguqula indlela uluntu olwalusebenza ngayo.
Q. Khankanya iindlela ezimbini amaSan ayefumana ngazo ukutya kwawo. (2 marks)
Q. Nguwuphi umahluko omnye phakathi komzingeli-umqokeleli nomalusi? (2 marks)
Q. Ukufuya izilwanyana kwaluguqula njani uluntu lwamaKhoikhoi? Nika umzekelo omnye. (3 marks)
Speaker notes
Phinda ushwankathele iindlela ezimbini zobomi noluvo oluphambili lotshintsho: ukuba nezilwanyana kwakhokelela kubutyebi nakumahluko phakathi kwabantu. Sebenzisa le mibuzo mithathu njengomsebenzi obhaliweyo okanye ingxoxo yeklasi. Umbuzo 1 ujonga ukukhumbula (ukuzingela, ukuqokelela), umbuzo 2 ujonga ukuqonda iindlela ezimbini zokuphila, kwaye umbuzo 3 ujolise kwinjongo yeCAPS malunga nendlela ukwalusa okwaguqula ngayo izizwe. Bakhumbuze abafundi ukuba ubugcisa bamatye yingxelo exabisekileyo ekufuneka siyikhusele.
- Grade
- Grade 5
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- Hunter-gatherers and herders in Southern Africa
- Resource type
- Presentation