Hlangana namaSan namaKhoikhoi - abantu bokuqala ababehlala eNingizimu Afrika - futhi uthole ukuthi ukugcina izilwane kwayishintsha kanjani indlela abantu ababephila ngayo.
Speaker notes
Yamukela abafundi endabeni yabantu bokuqala eNingizimu Afrika. Chaza amaqembu amabili amakhulu abazohlangana nawo: amaSan, okwakungabazingeli-baqoqi, namaKhoikhoi, okwakungabelusi. Babuze ukuthi bacabanga ukuthi 'umzingeli-mqoqi' kanye 'nomelusi' kusho ukuthini ngaphambi kokuqala. [SME] Izinsuku zalezi zizwe zinikezwa njengezilinganiselo ezilula ezifanele iBanga 5.
AmaSan kwakungabantu bokuqala ababehlala eNingizimu Afrika, eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eminingi eyedlule.
AmaSan kwakungabantu bokuqala eNingizimu Afrika. Babehlala lapha kudlulele phambi kwamadolobha, amapulazi noma ukubhala. Lesi sikhathi sibizwa ngeLater Stone Age (iNkathi Yamuva Yamatshe), ngoba abantu babenza amathuluzi abo ngamatshe, ngokhuni nangamathambo.
- AmaSan awazange akhe amadolobha ahlala njalo - ayehamba ehla enyuka esuka kwenye indawo eya kwenye.
- Ayephila ngomhlaba ngokuzingela izilwane nokuqoqa izitshalo zasendle.
- Muva kakhulu, elinye iqembu elibizwa ngamaKhoikhoi lafika nezilwane zokwelusa.
Speaker notes
Beka isimo ngomqondo wesikhathi eside kakhulu. Abafundi beBanga 5 kubalukhuni ukucabanga 'eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eyedlule', ngakho kuqhathanise nokhokho abaningi kakhulu abedlule. Yethula igama elithi 'umhambuma' (ohamba ehla enyuka) elivela futhi. Chaza ukuthi sifunda ngalaba bantu ezintweni abazishiya emuva, njengamathuluzi nemidwebo yasematsheni.
AmaSan ayethola konke ayekudinga emhlabeni wemvelo owawuwazungezile.
AmaSan ayephila ngokuzingela izilwane zasendle njengegemsbok nezinye izinyamazane, kanye nokuqoqa izitshalo zasendle, izimpande, izithelo noju. Ngenxa yokuthi ayelandela izilwane nezinkathi zonyaka, ayehamba esuka kwenye indawo eya kwenye. Le ndlela yokuphila siyibiza ngokuthi indlela yobuhambuma.
- Amadoda ngokuvamile yiwo ayezingela.
- Abesifazane babeqoqa izitshalo bembe izimpande zokudla.
- Ayethatha kuphela lokho ayekudinga, ukuze umhlaba ukwazi ukuvuselela.
Speaker notes
Chaza umehluko phakathi kokuzingela nokuqoqa, nokuthi kokubili kwakudingeka ukuze baphile - ukuqoqa izitshalo ngokuvamile kwakunikeza ukudla okuthembeke kakhulu. Qaphela ukwabelana ngemisebenzi phakathi kwamadoda nabesifazane ngaphandle kokukwahlulela ngemibono yanamuhla. Qinisa inhlonipho amaSan ayenayo ngemvelo: ayewusebenzisa umhlaba ngokucophelela ukuze ungapheli.
AmaSan asungula indlela ehlakaniphile yokuzingela izilwane ezinkulu kunawo.
AmaSan enza umnsalo nemicibisholo emincane. Ayefaka ubuthi ezihlokweni zemicibisholo. Ngemva kokudubula isilwane, ayeslandela buthule izinyathelo zaso - kwesinye isikhathi izinsuku - kuze kube yilapho ubuthi busenza sibuthaka ngokwanele ukuze sibanjwe. Amakhono amahle okulandela izinyathelo ayebaluleke kakhulu.
- Ubuthi babuvela ezitshalweni, ezinyokeni noma emabhungwini ezimbungulu.
- Abazingeli kwakumele basondele kakhulu badubule kanye kuphela.
- Babefunda izinyathelo esihlabathini ukuze balandele isilwane.
Speaker notes
Lesi sithombe sikhombisa ikhono nolwazi lwamaSan, hhayi ukuphila nje. Gcizelela isineke nokuqonda okujulile kwemvelo okwakudinga ukulandela isilwane izinsuku nokwazi ukuthi yiziphi izitshalo ezenza ubuthi. Phatha 'ubuthi' ngokusobala nangokweqiniso - kwakuyithuluzi lokuthola ukudla, hhayi elokulimaza abantu. Buza abafundi ukuthi kungani ukudubula kanye kuphela kwakubalulekile (ukuhlala ufihlekile, ukonga imicibisholo).
AmaSan ayenza yonke into ayenayo ngalokho ayekuthola akuzungeze.
Izinti zomlilo
Izinti ezimbili ezihlikihlwana ukwenza inhlansi. Umlilo wawunikeza ukufudumala, ukukhanya nokudla okuphekiwe.
Igobolondo leqanda lentshe
Iqanda lentshe elingenalutho lalisetshenziswa ukuthwala nokugcina amanzi, ligqitshwe emhlabathini ukuze ahlale epholile.
Induku yokumba
Induku ecijile eyayisetshenziswa ukumba izimpande nezinsamba zokudla.
Ikaross
Ijazi lesikhumba elenziwe ngesikhumba sesilwane, elaligqokelwa ukufudumala nokuthwala izinto.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa lezi zinto ezine ukwenza impilo yamaSan ibonakale. Veza ukuthi yonke into yayilula futhi ikwazi ukuthwalwa, ngoba amaSan ayehamba njalo. Ubuhlalu namagobolondo eqanda lentshe nawo ayesetshenziswa ukuhlobisa futhi anikezwa njengezipho ukwakha ubungani phakathi kwamaqembu. Mema abafundi bacabange ukuba nezinto kuphela abangazithwala.
AmaSan ayephila emaqenjini amancane lapho wonke umuntu ayelingana khona.
AmaSan ayephila emaqenjini amancane abantu abangaba ngu-15 kuya ku-40, imvamisa imindeni embalwa ndawonye. Ayenganazinduna futhi kwakungekho muntu owayecebile noma obaluleke kunabanye. Ayeka abelana ngokudla asizana. Ayekholelwa ukuthi akekho umuntu ongaba nomhlaba - wawungowabo bonke ukuze uwusebenzise.
- Abesifazane babengakha indlu yotshani ngaphansi kwehora.
- Izingane zazifunda ngokudlala nangokulingisa abazali bazo.
- Ukwabelana kwakusho ukuthi akekho owayelamba kanti abanye banokudla.
Speaker notes
Le yindawo enhle yokukhuluma ngobulungiswa nomphakathi. Qhathanisa kancane nomhlaba wanamuhla lapho abantu benezinto zabo. Chaza ukuthi ukuba 'ngenazinduna' kwakungasho ukuthi kwakungekho mithetho - iqembu lalithatha izinqumo ndawonye futhi abadala babehlonishwa. Gcina isimo senhlonipho ugweme ukwenza impilo yamaSan ibonakale 'ilula' noma 'ithuthuke kancane'; yayifanele kahle umhlaba wawo.
AmaSan adweba futhi aqopha izinkulungwane zezithombe ematsheni nasezindongeni zemihume.
Imidwebo yasematsheni isho izithombe ezidwetshwe noma eziqoshwe etsheni. INingizimu Afrika inemidwebo yasematsheni emihle kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi eyiningi yayo yenziwa ngamaSan. Ayedweba abantu nezilwane njengempofu (eland), esebenzisa upende owenziwe ngemibala yemvelo. Eminye imidwebo euKhahlamba Drakensberg ineminyaka engaba ngu-3 000 ubudala.
- Upende wawenziwa ngezinto ezifana netshe elibomvu neliphuzi, amalahle negazi.
- Impofu (eland), inyamazane enkulu, yayidwetshwa ukwedlula noma yisiphi esinye isilwane.
- Imidwebo yasematsheni isisiza ukufunda ukuthi amaSan ayephila kanjani nokuthi ayekholelwa kuni.
Speaker notes
Gcizelela ukuthi imidwebo yasematsheni iwumlando wangempela owashiywa ngamaSan ngokwawo - uxhumano nesikhathi esidlule. Sho ukubaluleka okukhethekile kwempofu (eland). I-Linton Panel edumile (manje esemnyuziyamu) yaze yagqugquzela ingxenye yesibonakaliso sombuso saseNingizimu Afrika. [SME] Ubudala obuqondile bemidwebo yasematsheni buyahluka ngokwendawo; iminyaka engu-3 000 yiwo umumo oqinisekisiwe iSAHO ewunikeza ngeDrakensberg, kodwa eminye imidwebo mincane futhi embalwa indala - qinisekisa amagama nge-SME.
Imidwebo yasematsheni yayibalulekile ezinkolelweni zamaSan, hhayi ukuhlobisa kuphela.
Ngeke siqiniseke ngokuphelele ukuthi kungani amaSan ayedweba, kodwa iningi lochwepheshe likholelwa ukuthi izithombe zaziyingxenye yezinkolelo nempilo yawo yakomoya. Abantu abakhethekile ababizwa ngabelaphi babebamba imidanso ukusiza umphakathi wabo, futhi eminye imidwebo ingabe ikhombisa lokho ababekuzwa nababekubona. Umsebenzi wobuciko futhi usitshela ngezilwane nempilo amaSan ayeyazi kahle.
- Eminye imidwebo ingabe ixhumene nemidanso yokwelapha namaphupho.
- Eminye ingenzeka yenziwa ukuletha inhlanhla enhle yokuzingela.
- Namuhla imidwebo yasematsheni ivikelekile njengengxenye yamagugu eNingizimu Afrika.
Speaker notes
Yethula incazelo yakomoya yemidwebo yasematsheni ngenhlonipho nangokulula. Yenza kucace kubafundi ukuthi lokhu yilokho iningi lochwepheshe likucabangayo, hhayi iqiniso eliqinisekisiwe - abezomlando basebenzisa amacashazi ukwenza ukuqagela ngokucophelela. Gwema ulimi oluvusa amadlingozi ngokuthi 'ulwabhoco/trance' kubafundi beBanga 5; 'imidanso yokwelapha' 'namaphupho' yizindlela ezithobekile eziqinisile. Gcizelela ukuthi ukulimaza imidwebo yasematsheni kuphambene nomthetho ngoba ingeyabo bonke. [SME] Incazelo ye-shamanistic/trance iwumbono ohamba phambili wezifundiswa kodwa uyaphikiswana - ugcine ubekwe njengokuthi 'iningi lochwepheshe likholelwa'.
Cishe eminyakeni engu-2 000 eyedlule iqembu elisha lafika nezilwane eNingizimu Afrika.
AmaKhoikhoi angena eNingizimu Afrika evela phezulu enyakatho cishe eminyakeni engu-2 000 eyedlule. Igama elithi Khoikhoi lisho 'abantu bangempela'. Ayengabelusi, abuye abizwe ngokuthi ama-pastoralists, ngoba ayegcina anakekela izilwane. Le kwakuyindlela entsha yokuphila amaSan ayengakayiboni.
- Abelusi bagcina izilwane ezithanjisiwe (ezifuywayo) esikhundleni sokuzingela kuphela.
- NjengamaSan, amaKhoikhoi ayengabahambuma futhi ayehamba efuna amadlelo.
- Ayegcina izimvu, izimbuzi nezinkomo.
Speaker notes
Yethula ushintsho olukhulu lwale yunithi: ukwelusa. Chaza 'ukuthanjiswa/ukufuywa' ngezibonelo zansuku zonke (inja ethanjisiwe noma inkomo yasepulazini uma kuqhathaniswa nesilwane sasendle). Qaphela ukuthi amaKhoikhoi ayelokhu ezingela eqoqa nawo, kodwa ukugcina izilwane kwakuwumehluko omusha nobalulekile. [SME] Umsuka nosuku oluqondile lokwelusa/lokufika kwamaKhoikhoi eNingizimu Afrika kuyaphikiswana ngabavubukuli; 'eminyakeni engu-2 000 eyedlule' kulandela izinto zeSAHO zeBanga 5 futhi kuwukwenza kube lula.
Impilo yonke yamaKhoikhoi yayakhelwe phezu kwezilwane zawo.
AmaKhoikhoi ayehamba nemihlambi yawo efuna utshani obusha namanzi. Izindlu zawo, ezibizwa ngematjieshuise, zazenziwe ngamacansi omhlanga phezu kwezigxobo ezincane ukuze zikwazi ukudilizwa zithwalwe emhlane wezilwane. Izinkomo zaziyigugu kakhulu. Abesifazane babesenga izilwane amadoda alokhu ezingela inyama.
- Izindlu nezimbiza kwakwenziwa kube lula ukuze kube lula ukukuhambisa.
- Ngokuvamile babephuza ubisi esikhundleni sokubulala izinkomo zabo.
- Izinkomo zazidliwa kuphela ngezikhathi ezikhethekile, njengemishado nemingcwabo.
Speaker notes
Chaza ubuhlakani obusebenzayo bematjieshuis - ikhaya ongalipakisha ulithwale. Umqondo osemqoka ukuthi izinkomo zazigcinwa ziphila ngenxa yobisi nanjengengcebo, hhayi ikakhulukazi ngenxa yenyama. Lo mehluko omkhulu kumaSan, ayedla izilwane ayezizingela. Yethula igama elithi 'matjieshuis' ngokuthobekile; ukubizwa kwalo cishe kunjenge 'matchie-hoyse'.
Ukuba nezilwane kwenza umphakathi wamaKhoikhoi wehluke kuwo wamaSan.
Speaker notes
Lokhu kuyinhliziyo yombuzo weCAPS othi 'ukwelusa kwayishintsha kanjani imiphakathi'. Umqondo omkhulu: ngenxa yokuthi izilwane zaziyoceba, ingcebo yavela, kanti ngengcebo kwafika umehluko wokubaluleka nezinsuku zokuqala zabaholi. Veza ukuthi lokhu akusiko 'okungcono' noma 'okubi' - indlela nje ehlukile yokuphila eyakhula ekugcineni izilwane. Yenza abafundi bakhombe umehluko owodwa kukolomu ngamunye.
AmaSan namaKhoikhoi ayephila eduze, okwakwesinye isikhathi kubangela ukungqubuzana.
AmaSan namaKhoikhoi ayephila ezindaweni ezifanayo. Izinkomo nezimvu zamaKhoikhoi zazidla utshani obuningi, futhi lokhu kwaxosha izilwane zasendle amaSan ayezizingela. Uma amaSan elamba, ngezinye izikhathi ayethatha izilwane zamaKhoikhoi ukuze adle. Lokhu kwaholela empini phakathi kwamaqembu amabili. Kodwa kwakukhona futhi ukuhwebelana nobungani, futhi amanye amaSan azihlanganisa namaqembu amaKhoikhoi.
- Imihlambi yayidla utshani, ngakho izilwane zasendle zasuka.
- Amaqembu amabili ayehwebelana futhi elwa wodwa.
- Ndawonye kwesinye isikhathi abizwa ngamaKhoisan.
Speaker notes
Nikeza isithombe esilinganiselayo: ubudlelwano babungebona ukungqubuzana kuphela. Kwakukhona ukuhwebelana, ukushadelana nokubambisana kanye nokulwa ngezinsiza. Chaza igama elihlanganisiwe elithi 'Khoisan'. Lesi sithombe futhi silungiselela kancane umlando wakamuva (ukufika kwamaDashi ngo-1652), abafundi abazohlangana nawo ngokuningiliziwe emabangeni akamuva. Gcina isimo siyiqiniso ugweme ukubukisa elinye iqembu 'njengelibi'.
- Long ago Abazingeli-baqoqi bamaSan bahlala kuyo yonke iNingizimu Afrika
- ~3 000 years ago AmaSan adweba imidwebo yasematsheni eDrakensberg
- ~2 000 years ago Abelusi bamaKhoikhoi bafika nezilwane
- Over time AmaSan namaKhoikhoi ayehwebelana, abelana ngomhlaba futhi kwesinye isikhathi alwa
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa lokhu ukusiza abafundi bahlele indaba ngokulandelana: abazingeli-baqoqi kuqala, abelusi kamuva. Bakhumbuze ukuthi lezi yizinsuku ezilinganiselwayo, hhayi eziqondile - abezomlando basebenzisa u-'cishe' uma bengaqiniseki. [SME] Zonke izinsuku ezine lapha ziyilinganiselo futhi zenziwe zaba lula zeBanga 5; qinisekisa umumo nge-SME.
AmaSan ayezingela eqoqa futhi abelana ngakho konke; amaKhoikhoi ayegcina imihlambi, kanti ukuba nezilwane kwashintsha indlela abantu ababephila ngayo.
AmaSan kwakungabantu bokuqala eNingizimu Afrika. Ayephila ngokuzingela nangokuqoqa, ehamba esuka kwenye indawo eya kwenye, abelana ngakho konke, futhi asishiyela imidwebo yasematsheni emihle. AmaKhoikhoi kwakungabelusi ababegcina izilwane. Ngenxa yokuthi izilwane zaziyoceba, abanye abantu baba abacebile kunabanye - ngakho ukwelusa kwayishintsha indlela umphakathi owawusebenza ngayo.
Q. Sho izindlela ezimbili amaSan ayethola ngazo ukudla kwawo. (2 marks)
Q. Yimuphi umehluko owodwa phakathi komzingeli-mqoqi nomelusi? (2 marks)
Q. Ukugcina izilwane kwawushintsha kanjani umphakathi wamaKhoikhoi? Nikeza isibonelo esisodwa. (3 marks)
Speaker notes
Buyekeza izindlela ezimbili zokuphila nomqondo osemqoka woshintsho: ukuba nezilwane kwaholela engcebweni nasemehlukweni phakathi kwabantu. Sebenzisa imibuzo emithathu njengomsebenzi obhaliwe noma ingxoxo yekilasi. Umbuzo 1 uhlola ukukhumbula (ukuzingela, ukuqoqa), umbuzo 2 uhlola ukuqonda izindlela ezimbili zokuphila, kanti umbuzo 3 uqondise kokugxilwa kweCAPS ekutheni ukwelusa kwayishintsha kanjani imiphakathi. Khumbuza abafundi ukuthi imidwebo yasematsheni iwumlando oyigugu okumele siwuvikele.
- Grade
- Grade 5
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- Hunter-gatherers and herders in Southern Africa
- Resource type
- Presentation