Hlangana namaSan namaKhoikhoi - abantu bokuthoma abahlala eSewula ye-Afrika - begodu uthole bona ukufuya iimfuyo kwatjhugulula njani indlela abantu abebaphila ngayo.
Speaker notes
Amukela abafundi endabeni yabantu bokuthoma abaphila eSewula ye-Afrika. Hlathulula amaqhembu amabili amakhulu abazokuhlangana nawo: amaSan, ebekungabazingeli-baqoqi, namaKhoikhoi, ebekungabelusi. Babuze bona bacabanga ukuthi 'umzingeli-mqoqi' 'nomelusi' kutjho ukuthini ngaphambi kobana uthome. [SME] Iindaba zomnyaka wemiphakathi le zinikelwa njengeenlinganiso ezilula ezifanele iBanga 5.
AmaSan bebangabantu bokuthoma ukuhlala eSewula ye-Afrika, eminyakeni eziinkulungwana ezinengi eyadlulako.
AmaSan bebangabantu bokuthoma eSewula ye-Afrika. Bebahlala lapha kudala khulu phambi kwamadorobha, amapulazi namkha ukutlola. Isikhathi lesi sibizwa bona yiLater Stone Age (iSikhathi Samuva SamaTje), ngombana abantu benza amathulusi wabo ngamatje, ngeenkuni nangamathambo.
- AmaSan azange akhe amadorobha ahlala unomphela - bebafuduka basuka kenye indawo baye kwenye.
- Bebaphila ngenarha ngokuzingela iinlwana nangokuqoqa izitjalo zommango.
- Ngemva kwesikhathi eside, elinye iqhembu elibizwa ngamaKhoikhoi lafika neemfuyo zokwelusa.
Speaker notes
Beka isimo ngomqondo wesikhathi eside khulu. Abafundi beBanga 5 kubabudisi ukucabanga 'iminyaka eziinkulungwana eyadlulako', yeke kufanise nabokhokho abanengi khulu abadlulako. Yethula igama elithi 'ukufuduka' (ukukhamba usuka kwenye indawo) elibuya godu. Hlathulula bona sifunda ngabantu laba ezintweni abazitjhiya emva, njengamathulusi nemidwebo yamatje.
AmaSan bathola koke ebebakutlhoga emvelweni ebeyibazombelezileko.
AmaSan bebaphila ngokuzingela iinlwana zommango njenge-gemsbok neenye iinyamazana, nangokuqoqa izitjalo zommango, iimpande, iinthelo noju. Ngombana bebalandela iinlwana neenkhathi zomnyaka, bebafuduka basuka kenye indawo baye kwenye. Sibiza lokhu bona yindlela yokuphila yokufuduka.
- Amadoda ngokujayelekileko ngiwo abezingela.
- Abafazi bebaqoqa izitjalo bembe neempande zokudla.
- Bebathatha kwaphela lokho ebebakutlhoga, ukwenzela bona inarha ikwazi ukuvuselela.
Speaker notes
Hlathulula umehluko phakathi kokuzingela nokuqoqa, nokobana kokubili bekutlhogeka ukuze baphile - ukuqoqa izitjalo kanengi bekunikela ukudla okuthembekileko khulu. Tjheja ukwabelana ngemisebenzi phakathi kwamadoda nabafazi, ungakwahluleli ngemibono yanamhlanjesi. Qinisa ihlonipho amaSan ebebanayo emvelweni: bebasebenzisa inarha ngokutjheja ukwenzela bona ingapheli.
AmaSan asungula indlela ehlakaniphileko yokuzingela iinlwana ezikhulu khulu kunabo.
AmaSan benza umnsalo nemicibisholo emincani. Bebafaka itjhefu eziphetlhweni zemicibisholo. Ngemva kokutjhaya isilwana, bebalandela umkhondo waso ngokuthula - kwesinye isikhathi amalanga amanengi - bekube kulapho itjhefu isenza sibogaboge ngokwaneleko bona sibanjwe. Amakghono amahle wokulandela umkhondo bekaqakathekile khulu.
- Itjhefu beyivela ezitjalweni, ezinyokeni namkha eembungwini zamabhungane.
- Abazingeli bebafanele basondele khulu batjhaye kanye kwaphela.
- Bebafunda umkhondo esihlabathini bona balandele isilwana.
Speaker notes
Isilayidi lesi sitjengisa ikghono nelwazi lamaSan, ingasi ukuphila kwaphela. Gandelela ukubekezela nokuzwisisa okunzulu kwemvelo okwatlhogekako ukulandela isilwana amalanga nokwazi bona ngiziphi izitjalo ezenza itjhefu. Phatha igama elithi 'itjhefu' ngokunqophileko nangokweqiniso - beyilithulusi lokuthola ukudla, ingasi lokulimaza abantu. Buza abafundi bona kubayini bekuqakathekile ukutjhaya kanye kwaphela (ukusala ubhajwe, ukonga imicibisholo).
AmaSan benza koke ebebanakho ngalokho abakufumana babazombelezileko.
Iinkuni zokuphehla umlilo
Iinkuni ezimbili ezihlikihlwa ndawonye zokwenza inhlansi. Umlilo bewunikela ukufudumala, ukukhanya nokudla okuphekiweko.
Igobolondo leqanda lentjhe
Iqanda lentjhe elingenalitho belisetjenziselwa ukuthwala nokubulunga amanzi, ligitjhelwa phasi ukuwabamba apholileko.
Induku yokumba
Induku eloliweko esetjenziselwa ukumba iimpande neembatatha zokudla.
Ikaross
Isambatho sesikhumba esenziwa ngesikhumba sesilwana, esimbathwa ukufudumala nokuthwala izinto.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa iimphahla lezi ezine ukwenza ipilo yamaSan ibonakale. Veza bona koke bekulula begodu bekungathwalwa, ngombana amaSan bewahlala afuduka. Ubuhlalu negobolondo leqanda lentjhe nakho bekusetjenziselwa ukuhlobisa begodu bekunikelwa njengeenpho zokwakha ubungani hlangana namaqhembu. Mema abafundi bona bacabange ukuba nezinto kwaphela abangazithwala.
AmaSan bebaphila emaqhenjini amancani lapho woke umuntu bekalingana khona.
AmaSan bebaphila eensiqhenjini ezimalungana no-15 ukuya ku-40 wabantu, kanengi imindeni embalwa ndawonye. Bebanganeenkhosi begodu bekungekho onjinga namkha oqakatheke ngaphezu komunye. Bebeabelana ngokudla kwabo bebasizana. Bebakholelwa bona akakho ongaba nenarha - beyeyokusetjenziswa nginanyana ngubani.
- Abafazi bebangakha indlwana yotjani ngaphasi kwehora.
- Abantwana bebafunda ngokudlala nangokulingisa ababelethi babo.
- Ukwabelana bekutjho bona akekho olamba kanti abanye banokudla.
Speaker notes
Le yindawo ehle yokukhuluma ngokulingana nangomphakathi. Yenza umahluko kancani nephasi lanamhlanjesi lapho abantu banezinto. Hlathulula bona ukungabi 'neenkhosi' bekungatjho bona kunga nemithetho - iqhembu belithatha iinqunto ndawonye begodu abadala bebahlonitjhwa. Gcina umkhuba wehlonipho begodu ubalekele ukwenza ipilo yamaSan ibonakale 'ilula' namkha 'ingakathuthuki'; beyifanele khulu iphasi labo.
AmaSan badweba begodu babaza iinkulungwana zemifanekiso emadwaleni nemabodeni wemigedi.
Ubuciko bamadwala kutjho imifanekiso edwetjwe namkha ebazwe edwaleni. iSewula Afrika inobunye bobuciko bamadwala obuhle khulu ephasini, begodu ubunengi bakho benziwa maSan. Bebadweba abantu neenlwana njengempofu, basebenzisa upende owenziwe ngemibala yemvelo. Eminye imidwebo euKhahlamba iDrakensberg inobudala obumalungana neminyaka eyi-3 000.
- Upende bewenziwa ngezinto njengedwala elibovu neliphuzi, amalahle negazi.
- Impofu, inyamazana ekulu, beyidwetjwa ngaphezu kwananyana ngisiphi esinye isilwana.
- Ubuciko bamadwala busisiza sifunde bona amaSan bebaphila njani nalokho abakukholelwako.
Speaker notes
Veza bona ubuciko bamadwala kurekhoda yamambala eyatjhiywa maSan ngokwabo - ukuhlangana nekadeni. Khuluma ngokuqakatheka okukhethekileko kwempofu. I-Linton Panel edumileko (nje esemuseum) yakhuthaza ngitjho nengcenye yesihlangu sombuso weSewula Afrika. [SME] Ubudala obunqophileko bobuciko bamadwala buyahluka ngokweendawo; iminyaka eyi-3 000 mlinganiso oqinisekisiweko i-SAHO ewunikelako ngeDrakensberg, kodwana imidwebo eminengi mitjha begodu embalwa mdala - qinisekisa amabizo ne-SME.
Ubuciko bamadwala bebuqakathekile ekukholweni kwamaSan, ingasi ukuhlobisa kwaphela.
Angeze saqiniseka ngokupheleleko bona kubayini amaSan bebadweba, kodwana iingcweti ezinengi zikholelwa bona imifanekiso beyiyingcenye yekukholwa nepilo yekamoya yabo. Abantu abakhethekileko ababizwa ngabalaphi bebenza imigido yokusiza umphakathi wabo, begodu eminye imidwebo ingatjengisa lokho abakuzwako nabakubonako. Ubuciko lobu busitjela nangeenlwana nepilo amaSan ebebayazi kuhle.
- Eminye imidwebo ingahlobana nemigido yokulapha namaphupho.
- Eminye ingenzelwe ukuletha ithamu elihle lokuzingela.
- Namhlanjesi ubuciko bamadwala buyavikelwa njengengcenye yelifa leSewula Afrika.
Speaker notes
Nikela incazelo yekamoya yobuciko bamadwala ngehlonipho nangokulula. Yenza kucace ebafundini bona lokhu kulokho iingcweti ezinengi ezikucabangako, ingasi iqiniso eliqinisekisiweko - abalando basebenzisa imikhondo ukwenza umqagelo otjhejileko. Balekela ilimi elirara ngo'trance' neBanga 5; 'imigido yokulapha' 'namaphupho' ziindlela ezithambileko neziqinisileko. Gandelela bona ukona ubuciko bamadwala kuphambene nomthetho ngombana bungebawo woke umuntu. [SME] Ihlathululo ye-shamanistic/trance mbono ohamba phambili wezazi kodwana uyaphikiswa - wugcine njengo'iingcweti ezinengi zikholelwa'.
Malungana neminyaka eyi-2 000 eyadlulako iqhembu elitjha laletha iimfuyo eSewula ye-Afrika.
AmaKhoikhoi afudukela eSewula ye-Afrika avela etlhagwini malungana neminyaka eyi-2 000 eyadlulako. Ibizo elithi Khoikhoi litjho 'abantu bamambala'. Bebangabelusi, ababizwa godu ngokuthi ngabafuyi, ngombana bebafuya begodu batlhogomela iimfuyo. Le beyindlela etjha khulu yokuphila amaSan angakhange ayibone ngaphambili.
- Abelusi bafuya iinlwana ezifuyiweko (ezithanjisiweko) esikhundleni sokuzingela kwaphela.
- NjengamaSan, amaKhoikhoi bebafuduka bakhamba bafuna amadlelo.
- Bebafuya izimvu, iimbuzi neenkomo.
Speaker notes
Yethula itjhuguluko elikhulu lesahluko lesi: ukwelusa. Hlathulula 'ukufuya' ngeembonelo zaqobe langa (inja ethanjisiweko namkha ikomo yepulazi kunesilwana sommango). Tjheja bona amaKhoikhoi bebasazingela baqoqa nawo, kodwana ukufuya iinlwana bekumehluko omutjha noqakathekileko. [SME] Umtjhitjhi nedatha enqophileko yokufika kokwelusa/amaKhoikhoi eSewula ye-Afrika kuyaphikiswa babavukuzi bomlando; 'iminyaka eyi-2 000 eyadlulako' ilandela iimpahla ze-SAHO zeBanga 5 begodu kwenziwe kwaba lula.
Ipilo yoke yamaKhoikhoi beyakhelwe eemfuyweni zabo.
AmaKhoikhoi bebafuduka nemihlambi yabo bafuna utjani obutjha namanzi. Amakhaya wabo, abizwa bona ma-matjieshuise, benziwa ngamacansi omhlanga phezu kweengodo ezincani ukwenzela bona akwazi ukuwiswa athwalwe emhlana weemfuyo. Iinkomo bezaqakatheke khulu. Abafazi bebasenga iimfuyo begodu amadoda asazingela inyama.
- Amakhaya neembiza bekwenziwa kulula ukwenzela bona kube lula ukukufuduka.
- Kanengi bebasela ibisi kunokubulala iinkomo zabo.
- Iinkomo bezidliwa kwaphela ngeenkhathi ezikhethekileko, njengemitjhado nemingcwabo.
Speaker notes
Hlathulula ubuhlakani obusebenzako be-matjieshuis - ikhaya ongalibutha ulithwale. Umbono oqakathekileko kukobana iinkomo bezigcinwa ziphila ngebanga lebisi nanjengomnotho, ingasi khulu ngenyama. Lo mehluko omkhulu kumaSan, ebebadla iinlwana abazingelako. Yethula igama elithi 'matjieshuis' ngokuthambileko; ukubizwa kwalo kumalungana no-'matchie-hoyse'.
Ukuba neemfuyo kwenza umphakathi wamaKhoikhoi wahluka kowamaSan.
Speaker notes
Lokhu yihliziyo yombuzo we-CAPS othi 'ukwelusa kwatjhugulula njani imiphakathi'. Umbono oqakathekileko: ngombana iinlwana bezingaba ngezomuntu, umnotho waba khona, begodu ndawonye nomnotho kwafika umahluko weqakatheko nokuthoma kwabarholi. Veza bona lokhu 'akusiko okungcono' namkha 'okumbi' - kuyindlela ehlukileko yokuphila eyakhula ekufuyeni iinlwana. Yenza abafundi bakhombe umehluko munye ekholomini nganye.
AmaSan namaKhoikhoi bebaphila eduze, okwaletha ipikiswano kwesinye isikhathi.
AmaSan namaKhoikhoi bebahlala eendaweni ezifanako. Iinkomo nezimvu zamaKhoikhoi bezidla utjani obunengi, begodu lokho kwaqotha iinlwana zommango amaSan ebebazizingela. Lokha amaSan nakalambako, kwesinye isikhathi bebathatha iinlwana zamaKhoikhoi zokudla. Lokhu kwaletha ukulwa hlangana namaqhembu amabili. Kodwana bekukhona godu ukurhwebanobungani, begodu amanye amaSan ajoyina amaqhembu wamaKhoikhoi.
- Imihlambi yadla utjani, yeke iinlwana zommango zafuduka.
- Amaqhembu womabili bekarhwebelana begodu alwe wodwa.
- Ndawonye kwesinye isikhathi babizwa bona ngamaKhoisan.
Speaker notes
Nikela isithombe esilinganisiweko: ubudlelwana bebungasi kupikiswano kwaphela. Bekukhona ukurhweba, ukutjhadelana nokubambisana kanye nokulwa ngeensetjenziswa. Hlathulula igama elihlanganisiweko elithi 'amaKhoisan'. Isilayidi lesi silungiselela nomlando ozako (ukufika kwamaDatjhi ngo-1652), abafundi abazokuhlangana nawo ngokunabileko emabangeni azako. Gcina umkhuba oqinisileko begodu ubalekele ukubiza elinye iqhembu bona 'libi'.
- Long ago Abazingeli-baqoqi bamaSan baphila kiyo yoke iSewula ye-Afrika
- ~3 000 years ago AmaSan adweba ubuciko bamadwala eDrakensberg
- ~2 000 years ago Abelusi bamaKhoikhoi bafika neemfuyo
- Over time AmaSan namaKhoikhoi barhwebelana, babelana ngenarha begodu kwesinye isikhathi balwa
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa lokhu ukusiza abafundi bahlele indaba ngokulandelana: abazingeli-baqoqi kokuthoma, abelusi ngemva kwesikhathi. Bakhumbuze bona lezi ziindaba ezilinganisiweko, ingasi ezinqophileko - abalando basebenzisa u-'malungana' nabangaqiniseki. [SME] Zoke iindaba ezine lapha ziilinganiso begodu zenziwe zaba lula zeBanga 5; qinisekisa umumo nge-SME.
AmaSan bebazingela baqoqa begodu babelana ngakho koke; amaKhoikhoi bebafuya imihlambi, begodu ukuba neemfuyo kwatjhugulula indlela abantu abebaphila ngayo.
AmaSan bebangabantu bokuthoma eSewula ye-Afrika. Bebaphila ngokuzingela nangokuqoqa, bafuduka basuka kenye indawo baye kwenye, babelana ngakho koke, begodu basitjhiyela ubuciko bamadwala obuhle. AmaKhoikhoi bebangabelusi ababefuya iinlwana. Ngombana iinlwana bezingaba ngezomuntu, abanye abantu baba njinga kunabanye - yeke ukwelusa kwatjhugulula indlela umphakathi obewusebenza ngayo.
Q. Bala iindlela ezimbili amaSan ebebathola ngazo ukudla kwabo. (2 marks)
Q. Ngimuphi umehluko munye phakathi komzingeli-mqoqi nomelusi? (2 marks)
Q. Ukufuya iinlwana kwawutjhugulula njani umphakathi wamaKhoikhoi? Nikela isibonelo sinye. (3 marks)
Speaker notes
Buyekeza iindlela ezimbili zokuphila nombono oqakathekileko wetjhuguluko: ukuba neemfuyo kwaletha umnotho nomahluko phakathi kwabantu. Sebenzisa imibuzo emithathu njengomsebenzi otloliweko namkha ingcoco yeklasi. Umbuzo 1 uhlola ukukhumbula (ukuzingela, ukuqoqa), umbuzo 2 uhlola ukuzwisisa iindlela ezimbili zokuphila, kanti umbuzo 3 uqondise ekugandeleleni kwe-CAPS bona ukwelusa kwatjhugulula njani imiphakathi. Khumbuza abafundi bona ubuciko bamadwala mlando oligugu okufuze siwuvikele.
- Grade
- Grade 5
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- Hunter-gatherers and herders in Southern Africa
- Resource type
- Presentation