Hlangana nemaSan nemaKhoikhoi - bantfu bekucala kuphila eNingizimu Afrika - futsi utfole kutsi kufuya tilwane kwakushintja njani indlela bantfu labebaphila ngayo.
Speaker notes
Yemukela bafundzi endzabeni yebantfu bekucala eNingizimu Afrika. Chaza emacembu lamabili lamakhulu labatawuhlangana nawo: emaSan, lababengabatingeli-babutsi, kanye nemaKhoikhoi, lababengabelusi. Buta kutsi bacabanga kutsi 'umtingeli-umbutsi' na 'umelusi' kusho kutsini ungakacali. [SME] Emalanga alemiphakatsi anikwe njengetilinganiso letivamile letifanele Libanga 5.
EmaSan abengbantfu bekucala kuhlala eNingizimu Afrika, eminyakeni leyinkhulungwane leminingi leyengcile.
EmaSan abengbantfu bekucala kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika. Ahlala lapha kadeni, ngaphambi kwemadolobha, emapulazi nekubhala. Lesi sikhatsi sibitwa ngekutsi yi-Later Stone Age (Sikhatsi Setje Lesamuva), ngobe bantfu bebenta emathulusi abo ngematje, ngetigodvo nangematsambo.
- EmaSan akazange akhe emadolobha lahlala njalonjalo - abehamba asuka kulenye indzawo aya kulenye.
- Aphila ngemhlaba ngekutingela tilwane nangekubutsa timila tesiganga.
- Emvakwesikhatsi lesidze, lelinye licembu lelibitwa ngekutsi ngemaKhoikhoi lafika netilwane tekwelusa.
Speaker notes
Beka simo ngekuva sikhatsi lesidze kakhulu. Bafundzi beLibanga 5 bakutfola kumatima kucabanga 'eminyakeni leyinkhulungwane leyengcile', ngako kucatsanise nabokhokho labaningi kakhulu labengcile. Yetfula ligama lelitsi 'nomadic' (kuhamba usuka kulenye indzawo uya kulenye) leliphindze livele futsi. Chaza kutsi sifundza ngalabantfu ngetintfo labatishiya emuva, njengematfulusi nemidwebo lesematjeni.
EmaSan atfola konkhe labekudzinga emvelweni leyayiwatungeletile.
EmaSan aphila ngekutingela tilwane tesiganga letinjengegemsbok naletinye tinyamatane, nangekubutsa timila tesiganga, timphandze, titselo neliju. Ngobe abelandzela tilwane netikhatsi tonyaka, abehamba asuka kulenye indzawo aya kulenye. Loku sikubita ngekutsi yindlela yekuphila lehamba njalo (nomadic).
- Emadvodza ngalokuvamile abewenta umsebenti wekutingela.
- Bafati bebabutsa timila bembe netimphandze tekudla.
- Bebatsatsa loko kuphela labebakudzinga, khona umhlaba ungabuye ululame.
Speaker notes
Chaza umehluko emkhatsini wekutingela nekubutsa, nekutsi kokubili bekudzingeka kute baphile - kubutsa timila kuvame kunika kudla lokwetsembeka kakhulu. Caphela kwabelana kwemisebenti emkhatsini wemadvodza nebafati ngaphandle kwekukwehlulela ngemibono yalamuhla. Cinisa inhlonipho leyaba nayo emaSan ngemvelo: asebentisa umhlaba ngekunakekela khona ungeke uphele.
EmaSan asungula indlela lehlakaniphile yekutingela tilwane letinkhulu kakhulu kunawo.
EmaSan akha umnsalo nemicibisholo lomncane. Abeka sihlungu etihlokweni temicibisholo. Ngemuva kwekudubula silwane, abelandzela imikhondvo yaso kancane kancane - kwesinye sikhatsi emalanga lamanyenti - kuze sihlungu sisente sibuthakatsaka kwekutsi singabanjwa. Emakhono lamahle ekulandzela imikhondvo abemcoka kakhulu.
- Sihlungu besisuka etimileni, etinyokeni nome etibungwini tetibhungane.
- Batingeli bekufanele basondzele kakhulu babese badubula kanye kuphela.
- Bebafundza imikhondvo esihlabatsini kuze balandzele silwane.
Speaker notes
Lesi silayidi sikhombisa likhono nelwati lwemaSan, hhayi nje kuphila kuphela. Gcizelela sinekelele nekucondzisisa lokujulile kwemvelo lokwakudzingeka kute kulandzelwe silwane emalanga lamanyenti nekwati kutsi timila tiphi letenta sihlungu. Chaza 'sihlungu' ngendlela lecacile neyeliciniso - bekulithulusi lekutfola kudla, hhayi lekulimata bantfu. Buta bafundzi kutsi kungani kudubula kanye kuphela bekubalulekile (kuhlala ufihlekile, konga imicibisholo).
EmaSan enta konkhe labenakho ngaloko labebakutfola batungeletwe ngiko.
Tingodvo tekuphemba umlilo
Tingodvo letimbili letihlikihlwana kute kwente inhlansi. Umlilo bewuletsa kufutfumala, kukhanya nekudla lokuphekiwe.
Liciekle lentje
Liciekle lentje lelingenalutfo belisetjentiswa kutfwala nekugcina emanti, ligcwatjwe kute agcine abandzako.
Ludvondvolo lwekwemba
Ingodvo lelolongiwe lebeyisetjentiswa kwemba timphandze netigaxa tekudla.
Kaross
Ingubo yesikhumba leyentiwe ngesikhumba sesilwane, leyembatfwa kute kufutfumale nekutfwala tintfo.
Speaker notes
Sebentisa letintfo letine kwenta imphilo yemaSan icace. Khombisa kutsi konkhe bekulula futsi kungatfwalwa, ngobe emaSan bekasolo ahamba. Ubuhlalu neliciekle lentje nako bekusetjentiswa ekuhlobiseni futsi kwaniketwa njengetipho kute kwakhiwe buhlobo emkhatsini wemacembu. Mema bafundzi kutsi bacabange kuba naloko kuphela labangakutfwala.
EmaSan ahlala emacenjini lamancane lapho khona wonkhe umuntfu bekalingana.
EmaSan ahlala emacenjini lamancane labenebantfu labangaba li-15 kuya ku-40, ngalokuvamile kube yimindeni lembalwa ndzawonye. Abenganabaholi futsi kwakute umuntfu labecebe nome labebaluleke kwendlula labanye. Abelana ngekudla kwabo asitane. Abekholelwa kutsi kute umuntfu longaba nemhlaba - bewungewabo bonkhe kutsi basebentise.
- Bafati bebakhona kwakha indlu yotjani ngaphansi kwelihora.
- Bantfwana bebafundza ngekudlala nangekulingisa batali babo.
- Kwabelana bekusho kutsi kute umuntfu lolambako kube labanye banekudla.
Speaker notes
Le yindzawo lenhle yekukhuluma ngebulungiswa nemphakatsi. Catsanisa kancane nemhlaba wanamuhla lapho khona bantfu banetintfo. Chaza kutsi kuba 'ngenabaholi' bekungasho kutsi kute imitsetfo - licembu belentela tincumo ndzawonye futsi labadzala bebahlonishwa. Gcina indlela yekukhuluma inenhlonipho, ugweme kwenta imphilo yemaSan ivakale 'ilula' nome 'ingakatfutfuki'; beyifanele kahle emhlabeni wabo.
EmaSan adweba futsi abaza titfombe letiyinkhulungwane ematjeni nasetibondzeni temihume.
Buciko bematje kusho titfombe letidwetjwe nome letibatwe etjeni. INingizimu Afrika inebunye bebuciko bematje lobuhle kunabo bonkhe emhlabeni, futsi liningi labo lentiwa ngemaSan. Adweba bantfu netilwane letinjenge-eland, asebentisa imibala leyentiwe ngemibala yemvelo. Leminye imidwebo e-uKhahlamba Drakensberg ineminyaka lecishe ibe ti-3 000 budzala.
- Umbala bewentiwa ngetintfo letinjengelitje lelibovu naleliphuti, emalahle negati.
- I-eland, inyamatane lenkhulu, beyidwetjwa kwendlula naletiphi letinye tilwane.
- Buciko bematje busisita sifundze kutsi emaSan aphila njani nekutsi abekholelwa kutsini.
Speaker notes
Gcizelela kutsi buciko bematje ngumbhalo lonembeka loshiywe ngemaSan ngekwawo - luchungechunge nesikhatsi lesengcile. Bala kubaluleka lokukhetsekile kwe-eland. I-Linton Panel ledvumile (nyalo lesemnyuziyamu) yaze yagcugcutela incenye yeluphawu lwesive lweNingizimu Afrika. [SME] Budzala lobushaya khona bebuciko bematje buyehluka ngendzawo; iminyaka le-3 000 sibalo lesiciniselwe le-SAHO lesinika ngeDrakensberg, kepha leminye imidwebo isencane futsi lembalwa indzala - ciniseka ngendlela yekusho ne-SME.
Buciko bematje bebubalulekile etinkholelweni temaSan, hhayi nje kuhlobisa kuphela.
Asikwati kucinisekiseka ngalokuphelele kutsi kungani emaSan abedweba, kepha bacwaningi labanyenti bakholelwa kutsi titfombe bekuyincenye ye-tinkholelo nemphilo yemoya yabo. Bantfu labakhetsekile lababitwa ngebelaphi bebabamba imidanso kute basite umphakatsi wabo, futsi leminye imidwebo kungenteka ikhombisa loko labebakuva nalabebakubona. Lobubuciko futsi busitjela ngetilwane nemphilo emaSan labeyati kahle.
- Leminye imidwebo ingahle ihlobane nemidanso yekwelapha nemaphupho.
- Leminye ingahle yentiwa kute ilethe inhlanhla lenhle ekutingeleni.
- Namuhla buciko bematje buvikelekile njengencenye yemagugu eNingizimu Afrika.
Speaker notes
Yetfula incazelo yemoya yebuciko bematje ngenhlonipho nangalokulula. Cacisela bafundzi kutsi loku ngiloko bacwaningi labanyenti labakucabangako, hhayi liciniso leliciniselwe - bochwepheshe bemlandvo basebentisa imikhondvo kute bente kucabanga lokunakekelekile. Gwema lulwimi loluvusa imizwa lolumayelana ne-'trance' kubafundzi beLibanga 5; 'imidanso yekwelapha' 'nemaphupho' tiyindlela lentofontofo neneliciniso yekungena. Gcizelela kutsi kulimata buciko bematje kuphambene nemtsetfo ngobe bungebabo bonkhe. [SME] Incazelo ye-shamanistic/trance ngumbono lohamba embili wetifundziswa kepha uyaphikiswana ngawo - ugcine ubekwe njenge-'bacwaningi labanyenti bakholelwa'.
Cishe eminyakeni le-2 000 leyengcile licembu lelisha lefika netilwane eNingizimu Afrika.
EmaKhoikhoi angena eNingizimu Afrika asuka enyakatfo lekhashane cishe eminyakeni le-2 000 leyengcile. Ligama lelitsi Khoikhoi lisho 'bantfu bangempela'. Abengabelusi, lababitwa futsi ngekutsi ngemapastoralists, ngobe abefuya futsi anakekele tilwane. Lena beyindlela lensha ngci yekuphila emaSan langakayiboni ngaphambilini.
- Belusi bafuya tilwane letifuywako (letithanjisiwe) esikhundleni sekutingela kuphela.
- NjengemaSan, emaKhoikhoi abehamba njalo futsi ahamba kufuna emadlelo.
- Abefuya timvu, timbuti netinkhomo.
Speaker notes
Yetfula lushintjo lolukhulu lwalesahluko: kwelusa. Chaza 'kufuywa' ngetibonelo tansuku tonkhe (inja letsanjisiwe nome inkhomo yasepulazini kucatsaniswa nesilwane sesiganga). Caphela kutsi emaKhoikhoi asatingela abutsa nawo, kepha kufuya tilwane bekungumehluko lomusha nalobalulekile. [SME] Umsuka nelilanga lekufika lokushaya khona lekwelusa/emaKhoikhoi eNingizimu Afrika kuyaphikiswana ngako ngebochwepheshe bemivubukulo; 'eminyakeni le-2 000 leyengcile' kulandzela imisebenti ye-SAHO yeLibanga 5 futsi kwentiwe lula.
Yonkhe imphilo yemaKhoikhoi beyakhelwe etilwaneni tawo.
EmaKhoikhoi ahamba nemihlambi yawo kuze atfole utjani lobusha nemanti. Emakhaya awo, labitwa ngekutsi ngemamatjieshuise, abentiwe ngemacansi emihlanga phezu kwetingodvo letimtiti kuze angakhishwa atfwalwe emihlane yetilwane. Tinkhomo betiligugu kakhulu. Bafati bebasenga tilwane bese emadvodza asatingela inyama.
- Emakhaya netimbita betentiwa tibe lula kuze kube melula kutihambisa.
- Ngalokuvamile bebanatsa lubisi esikhundleni sekubulala tinkhomo tabo.
- Tinkhomo betidliwa kuphela etikhatsini letikhetsekile, njengemishado nemingcwabo.
Speaker notes
Chaza kuhlakanipha lokusebentako kwe-matjieshuis - likhaya longalisonga ulitfwale. Umbono lomcoka kutsi tinkhomo betigcinwa tiphila ngenca yelubisi nanjengemcebo, hhayi ikakhulukati ngenca yenyama. Lona ngumehluko lomkhulu kumaSan, labedla tilwane labebatingela. Yetfula ligama lelitsi 'matjieshuis' kancane; kubitwa kwalo kucishe kube 'matchie-hoyse'.
Kuba netilwane kwenta umphakatsi wemaKhoikhoi wehluke kumphakatsi wemaSan.
Speaker notes
Lena yinhlitiyo yembuto we-CAPS lotsi 'kutsi kwelusa kwayishintja njani imiphakatsi'. Umbono lomcoka: ngobe tilwane betingaba tetimuntfu, kwavela umcebo, futsi ngemcebo kweta umehluko wekubaluleka nekucala kwebaholi. Veta kutsi loku 'akusiko lokungcono' nome 'lokubi' - kuphela yindlela leyehlukile yekuphila leyakhula ngekufuya tilwane. Yenta bafundzi bakhombe umehluko munye kuleliholo linye ngalinye.
EmaSan nemaKhoikhoi ahlala edvutane, lokwaletsa kuxabana ngaletinye tikhatsi.
EmaSan nemaKhoikhoi ahlala etindzaweni letifananako. Tinkhomo netimvu temaKhoikhoi tadla utjani lobunyenti, futsi loku kwadvungulula tilwane tesiganga emaSan labetitingela. Nangabe emaSan alamba, ngaletinye tikhatsi atsatsa tilwane temaKhoikhoi kute adle. Loku kwaholela ekulweni emkhatsini wemacembu lamabili. Kepha bekukhona futsi kuhwebelana nebuhlobo, futsi lamanye emaSan ajoyina emacembu emaKhoikhoi.
- Imihlambi yadla utjani, ngako tilwane tesiganga tasuka.
- Emacembu lamabili omabili abehwebelana futsi alwa.
- Ndzawonye ngaletinye tikhatsi abitwa ngekutsi ngemaKhoisan.
Speaker notes
Niketa sitfombe lesilinganiselako: buhlobo bekungasiko kuxabana kuphela. Bekukhona kuhwebelana, kushadana nekubambisana kanye nekulwa ngetinsita. Chaza ligama lelihlanganisiwe lelitsi 'Khoisan'. Lesi silayidi futsi silungiselela kancane umlandvo lotako (kufika kwemaDashi nga-1652), bafundzi labatawuhlangana nawo ngemininingwane leminyenti emabangeni latako. Gcina indlela yekukhuluma inelciniso, ugweme kubeka nome nguliphi licembu njenge-'libi'.
- Long ago Batingeli-babutsi bemaSan bahlala kuyo yonkhe iNingizimu Afrika
- ~3 000 years ago EmaSan adweba imidwebo yasematjeni eDrakensberg
- ~2 000 years ago Belusi bemaKhoikhoi bafika netilwane
- Over time EmaSan nemaKhoikhoi ayehwebelana, abelana ngemhlaba futsi kwesinye sikhatsi alwa
Speaker notes
Sebentisa loku kusita bafundzi kutsi bahlele indzaba ngekulandzelana: batingeli-babutsi kucala, belusi kamuva. Bakhumbute kutsi lawa ngemalanga lalinganiselwako, hhayi laciyo - bochwepheshe bemlandvo basebentisa u-'cishe' nabangaciniseki. [SME] Onkhe emalanga lamane lapha alinganiselwe futsi entiwe lula eLibangeni 5; ciniseka ngendlela yekusho ne-SME.
EmaSan abetingela abutsa futsi abelana ngako konkhe; emaKhoikhoi abefuya imihlambi, kanti kuba netilwane kwashintja indlela bantfu labebaphila ngayo.
EmaSan abengbantfu bekucala eNingizimu Afrika. Abephila ngekutingela nangekubutsa, ahamba asuka kulenye indzawo aya kulenye, abelana ngako konkhe, futsi asishiyela buciko bematje lobuhle. EmaKhoikhoi abengabelusi labefuya tilwane. Ngenca yekutsi tilwane betingabiwa, labanye bantfu baba nemcebo kwendlula labanye - ngako kwelusa kwayishintja indlela umphakatsi lobewusebenta ngayo.
Q. Sho tindlela letimbili emaSan labetfola ngato kudla kwawo. (2 marks)
Q. Ngumuphi umehluko lomunye emkhatsini wemtingeli-mbutsi nemelusi? (2 marks)
Q. Kufuya tilwane kwawushintja njani umphakatsi wemaKhoikhoi? Niketa sibonelo lesisodvwa. (3 marks)
Speaker notes
Buketa tindlela letimbili tekuphila nembono losemcoka welushintjo: kuba netilwane kwaholela emcebeni nasemehlukweni emkhatsini webantfu. Sebentisa imibuto lemitsatfu njengemsebenti lobhaliwe nome ingxoxo yelikilasi. Umbuto 1 uhlola kukhumbula (kutingela, kubutsa), umbuto 2 uhlola kucondzisisa tindlela letimbili tekuphila, kanti umbuto 3 ucondzise ekugxileni kwe-CAPS ekutseni kwelusa kwayishintja njani imiphakatsi. Khumbuta bafundzi kutsi buciko bematje bungumlandvo loyigugu lokumele siwuvikele.
- Grade
- Grade 5
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- Hunter-gatherers and herders in Southern Africa
- Resource type
- Presentation