IMfazwe YaseMzantsi Afrika Nomanyano, 1899-1910
Indlela imfazwe yegolide nobukhosi eyaziguqula ngayo iimeko zoMzantsi Afrika, nendlela uManyano lwe-1910 olwakha ngayo urhulumente olawulwa ngabamhlophe phezu kwamabhodlo.
Speaker notes
Misela lo mxholo njengeenkqubo ezimbini ezinxibeleleneyo: imfazwe yobukhosi etshabalalisayo (1899-1902) kunye nesivumelwano sezopolitiko (uManyano lwe-1910). Cela abafundi babambe umbuzo omnye wohlalutyo kulo lonke isifundo: ngubani owazuzayo yaye ngubani owalahlekelwayo kwesinye ngasinye? Gxininisa ukuba le mfazwe ibizwa ngokuba 'yiMfazwe yaseMzantsi Afrika' ngababhali-mbali abaninzi kuba yayibandakanya kwaye yenzakalisa bonke abantu baseMzantsi Afrika, kungekhona amaNgesi namaBhulu kuphela.
Igolide, ubukhosi kunye nombandela wama-Uitlander
Le mfazwe yavela kungquzulwano phakathi kweminqweno yobukhosi bamaNgesi nenkululeko yeriphabhliki yamaBhulu - inegolide embindini wayo.
Ukufunyanwa kwegolide eWitwatersrand ngo-1886 kwayenza iRiphabhliki yaseMzantsi Afrika (iTransvaal) yaba lelona lizwe lisisityebi kummandla. IBritane yayifuna ulawulo lobo butyebi kunye nokulawula wonke uMzantsi Afrika.
- Ama-Uitlander (ubukhulu becala ngabaphambukeli baseBritane kumasimi egolide) babevinjwa amalungelo apheleleyo okuvota ngurhulumente kaMongameli uPaul Kruger.
- Amagosa amaNgesi, ekhokelwa nguMkomishinala Omkhulu u-Alfred Milner, asebenzisa isikhalazo sama-Uitlander njengesixhobo sokubangela imfazwe.
- UHlaselo lukaJameson (Jameson Raid, 1895-96) olwasilelayo lwaluselwandise ukungathembi kwamaBhulu iBritane.
- Abanini-migodi kunye nezidingo zobukhosi babefuna inkqubo ezinzileyo yabasebenzi nerhafu elawulwa ngamaNgesi eRandi.
Speaker notes
Khokela abafundi bagqithe kwingcaciso enonobangela omnye kuphela. Bakhuthaze ukuba balinganise izizathu zoqoqosho (igolide, imali-mali yezimbiwa) neziza zopolitiko nezicwangciso (ubukhulu bobukhosi, umbono 'oweKapa-ukuya-eCairo'). Indima kaMilner ibalulekile: wayefuna imfazwe eya kwaphula amandla amaBhulu. Qaphela ukuba abantu baseAfrika, ekwakuxhomekeke kumhlaba nasekusebenzeni kwabo uqoqosho, babengenalizwi kule ngxaki eyakhokelela emfazweni.
Iiriphabhliki ezimbini ngokuchasene noBukhosi baseBritane
Imfazwe yaqala nge-11 Okthobha 1899 emva kokuba siphelile isikhalazo-somyalelo sikaKruger esasifuna imikhosi yamaNgesi irhoxe emideni.
IRiphabhliki yaseMzantsi Afrika (iTransvaal) kunye neOrange Free State zamanyana ngokuchasene nolona bukhosi bukhulu emhlabeni. Ekugqibeleni iBritane yathumela phantse imikhosi engama-450,000, ekhutshwe kulo lonke ubukhosi, ichasene namajoni amaBhulu aqikelelwa kuma-60,000-88,000 kwikomando.
- Iimpumelelo zokuqala zamaBhulu: ukungqingwa kweMafeking, iKimberley neLadysmith.
- 'IVeki Emnyama' (Disemba 1899) yabona ukoyiswa okukhulu kwamaNgesi eColenso, eMagersfontein naseStormberg.
- Emva koko iBritane yathulula imikhosi eyongezelelweyo phantsi kukaLord Roberts noLord Kitchener.
Speaker notes
Bonisa ubungakanani: inani elincinci labantu beriphabhliki yamafama lijongene nobukhosi behlabathi liphela. Uloyiso lokuqala lwamaBhulu lwamangalisa umhlaba yaye lwancitha ukuzithemba kwamaNgesi. Sebenzisa 'iVeki Emnyama' ukubonisa ukuba imfazwe yayingelolo loyiso lukhawulezileyo lobukhosi ebelulindelwe yiBritane. Amanani ayahluka phakathi kwemithombo - wabonise njengemilinganiselo eqikelelweyo, kungekhona amanani achanekileyo. [SME] Qinisekisa imilinganiselo yamandla emikhosi ngokwamanani akhethwa yi-SAHO.
Ukusuka kwiidabi ezimiselweyo ukuya kwimfazwe yamaqhinga afihlakeleyo (guerrilla)
Emva kokuba iBritane ithimbe iikomkhulu zamaBhulu, amaBhulu ala ukunikezela aza atshintshela kwimfazwe yamaqhinga yokuhlasela-ubaleke (guerrilla).
Phakathi kowe-1900 iBritane yayithathe iBloemfontein nePretoria yaza yazibandakanya ngokusesikweni iiriphabhliki. Kodwa iikomando zamaBhulu - ama-bittereinders ('abaphela-krakra') - zaqhubeka zisilwa kulo lonke ithafa, zihlasela ujoji-loliwe nemigca yezixhobo phantsi kweenkokeli ezinjengo De Wet, De la Rey noSmuts.
- UKitchener waphendula ngomgaqo-nkqubo womhlaba otshisiweyo (scorched-earth): ukutshisa iifama, ukubulala imfuyo nokutshabalalisa izityalo.
- Kwakhiwa uthungelwano lwezindlu zokulinda (blockhouses) nocingo olunameva ukuvalela nokubamba iikomando.
- Abantu abangengomajoni - amaBhulu nabantu baseAfrika - basuswa emhlabeni baza bafakwa kwiinkampu.
Speaker notes
Eli lelona nqanaba lohlalutyo lokuguquka kwemfazwe. Chaza ukuba kutheni kwakusetyenziswa umhlaba otshisiweyo: ukuvimba iikomando ukutya, indawo yokuhlala nenkxaso evela kwiifama. Gxininisa unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo phakathi komhlaba otshisiweyo neenkampu - abantu abangengomajoni abhangiswayo amakhaya kwakufuneka bebekwe kwenye indawo. Oku kulungiselela ii-slide ezintathu ezilandelayo malunga neenkampu zoxinaniso. Yiba nozinzo kwaye ubambelele kwinyaniso; iziqulatho ezilandelayo ziyakhathaza.
Iinkampu zabasetyhini nabantwana bamaBhulu
Amashumi amawaka abasetyhini nabantwana bamaBhulu bavalelwa kwiinkampu ezixineneyo apho izifo zazibulala ngesikali esikhulu.
Njengoko iifama zazitshatyalaliswa, amaNgesi aqhubela iintsapho zamaBhulu kwiinkampu zoxinaniso (concentration camps). Ukuxinana, ucoceko olubi, ukutya okunganelanga kunye nezifo ezosulelayo zeqhakuva, ityphoyidi nesihudo esinegazi zenza iinkampu zibulale - ngokukodwa ebantwaneni.
- Malunga nama-26,000-28,000 abavalelwa abangamaBhulu abasweleka, uninzi lwabo lwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu.
- Ngamanye amaxesha izabelo zokutya zazincitshiswa kwiintsapho ezinamadoda asasilwayo.
- Iinkampu zaba linxeba elihlala njalo kwinkumbulo neqhayiya lobuzwe lwama-Afrikaner.
Speaker notes
Phatha oku ngenkathalo nangentlonipho. Chaza igama elithi 'inkampu yoxinaniso' kwimeko yalo yembali - amaNgesi ayelisebenzisela uxinaniso (ukuhlanganisa) kwabantu abangengomajoni. Gxininisa ukuba uninzi lokusweleka lwabangelwa zizifo nokungakhathalelwa, kungekhona ukubulala ngabom, kodwa umgaqo-nkqubo wamaNgesi wadala iimeko ezibulalayo. Qaphela ubomi bezopolitiko emva koko: ukubandezeleka kweenkampu kwaba sembindini weqhayiya lobuzwe lwama-Afrikaner enkulungwaneni yama-20. Amanani okufa ayahluka; wabonise njengomlinganiselo. [SME] Qinisekisa inani lokufa elikhethwa yi-SAHO.
Iinkampu zoxinaniso zabantu abaNtsundu
Abantu baseAfrika babevalelwa kwiinkampu ezahlukileyo ezathi zangakwananzwa ithuba elide kwiimbali zemfazwe.
Abantu abaNtsundu baseMzantsi Afrika babengabo babebukele nje. Abaninzi babhangiswa ngumhlaba otshisiweyo baza banyanzelwa kwiinkampu ezahlukanisiweyo, ezicalucalulweyo, apho iimeko zazisiba mbi ngakumbi kwaye izabelo zokutya zincinci kunakwiinkampu zabamhlophe. Abaninzi kwakhona babenyanzelwa ukusebenzela umzamo wemfazwe wamaNgesi.
- Ubuncinane abavalelwa abaNtsundu abangama-14,000-20,000 kubhalwe ukuba basweleka; inani lokwenene mhlawumbi laliphezulu ngakumbi kwaye lalibhalwe kakubi.
- Ukubandezeleka kwabo kwakukhutshelwe ngaphandle kwiimbali zesikweko zemfazwe ininzi lenkulungwane yama-20.
- Ukuphinda kufunyanwe le mbali kucela umngeni kuluvo lokuba imfazwe yayi 'yimfazwe yomntu omhlophe' kuphela.
Speaker notes
Le slide ilungisa ukuthula okude kwiingxelo. Yenza kucace ukuba abantu baseAfrika babengamaxhoba, ababesebenza kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba emfazweni, nokuba iinkampu zabo zazicalucalulwe ngabom kwaye zinganikwanga zibonelelo. Gxininisa i-historiography: kutheni le mbali yayifihliwe, yaye ukuphinda kufunyanwe kwayo kusixelela ntoni malunga nokuba ngubani obhala imbali? Amanani okufa awaqinisekanga kwaye ayebhalwe kakubi ngelo xesha - gxininisa oku ngokuvulelekileyo. [SME] Qinisekisa amanani okufa eenkampu zabaNtsundu ngokwe-SAHO.
U-Emily Hobhouse nesikhalo
Umkhankasi waseBritane wentlalontle wazibhenca iinkampu ehlabathini waza wanyanzelisa uphando olusesikweni.
Ukugcina ezi Nkampu ziqhuba kukubulala abantwana. Emily Hobhouse, malunga neenkampu zoxinaniso, 1901
U-Emily Hobhouse wandwendwela iinkampu ngo-1901 waza wachaza iimeko ezimasikizi eluntwini lwaseBritane. Umkhankaso wakhe wahlazisa urhulumente waza wakhokelela kwiKhomishoni yakwaFawcett (Fawcett Commission), eyathi ngezinguqu zayo yancitha ngokuthe chu izinga lokufa.
- Iingxelo zakhe zahlula uluvo loluntu lwaseBritane ngemfazwe.
- Urhulumente waqala wazigatya, emva koko wathabatha inxaxheba yamanyathelo, kwiziphumo zophando lwakhe.
- Usahlonelwa eMzantsi Afrika ngokubhenca iinkampu.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa uHobhouse ukwazisa uluvo lokuthembeka komthombo nembono: umgxeki waseBritane womgaqo-nkqubo waseBritane. Buza abafundi ukuba kutheni ubungqina bomntu ophakathi babunamandla kangaka. IKhomishoni yakwaFawcett (uphando olusesikweni lwabasetyhini bodwa) yaqinisekisa okuninzi koko wakuchazayo. Eli lixesha elihle lesakhono sohlalutyo lomthombo: ukuthembeka, ukuba luncedo nokukhetha icala. [SME] Qinisekisa amagama achanekileyo omzekeliso kaHobhouse ngaphambi kwemveliso; yenza ngokwenye indlela ukuba amagama akanako ukuqinisekiswa.
Isivumelwano saseVereeniging
AmaBhulu anikezela, aphelisa inkululeko yawo kodwa aphumelela izithembiso ezazikhusela izidingo zabamhlophe.
Imfazwe yaphela ngeSivumelwano (Uxolo) saseVereeniging, esasayinwa nge-31 Meyi 1902. Iiriphabhliki ezimbini zamaBhulu zaba ziikoloni zamaNgesi, kodwa iBritane yanikela ngemiqathango enesisa ukuxolelanisa amaBhulu - kubandakanya imali yokwakha ngokutsha iifama kunye nomvumelwano wezopolitiko obalulekileyo.
- ITransvaal ne-Orange Free State zaba ziikoloni zamaNgesi.
- IBritane yathembisa izigidi ezi-3 zoncedo lokwakha ngokutsha kunye nozibuso ekugqibeleni.
- Okubaluleke kakhulu, umbuzo welungelo lokuvota labantu baseAfrika (franchise) wamiselwa kude kube semva kozibuso - okwakuthetha ukuba washiywa emalungeleni abakoloni abamhlophe ukuba bathathe isigqibo.
Speaker notes
Le yi-slide yohlalutyo ebalulekileyo. Uxolo 'lwalunesisa' kumaBhulu kanye kanye kuba iBritane yayifuna umanyano lwabamhlophe kunye nekoloni ezinzileyo enenzuzo - ngokuthe ngqo ngeendleko zamalungelo ezopolitiko abantu baseAfrika. Zoba umgca osuka kwisiqendu selungelo lokuvota elimiselweyo apha ukuya kubukhutshelwa-ngaphandle obakhelwe kuManyano lwe-1910. Buza: ngubani owalahlekelwa nguxolo ngokwenene? [SME] Qinisekisa inani lezigidi ezi-3 lokwakha ngokutsha namagama achanekileyo elungelo lokuvota kwiCandelo/iSiqendu 8.
Ukusuka emfazweni ukuya kuManyano, 1899-1910
- 1899 Imfazwe iyaqala (11 Okthobha); ukungqinga kwamaBhulu kwasekuqaleni
- 1900 IBritane ithatha iBloemfontein nePretoria; imfazwe yamaqhinga (guerrilla) nomhlaba otshisiweyo ziyaqala
- 1901 Iinkampu zoxinaniso zisemgangathweni wazo obulalayo; ukubhencwa nguEmily Hobhouse
- 1902 Isivumelwano saseVereeniging siphelisa imfazwe (31 Meyi)
- 1908-09 INgqungquthela Yesizwe iyila umgaqo-siseko
- 1910 UManyano loMzantsi Afrika lusekwa (31 Meyi)
Speaker notes
Qinisa ngaphambi kokutshintsha ukusuka emfazweni ukuya kwisivumelwano sezopolitiko. Bonisa ukulingana okwadalwa likhalenda: iSivumelwano saseVereeniging noManyano zombini zabhengezwa nge-31 Meyi, zahlukaniswe yiminyaka esibhozo. Sebenzisa ulandelelwano lwexesha ukubonisa unobangela nesiphumo - imfazwe yatshabalalisa iiriphabhliki, ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kwazidibanisa iikoloni, yaye iNgqungquthela Yesizwe yavelisa umgaqo-siseko woManyano.
Ukwakha ngokutsha ngokujolise kwilizwe elinye
'Ukwakhiwa Ngokutsha' kwamaNgesi kwakha ngokutsha uqoqosho kwaza kwaqhubela iikoloni ezine ekumanyanweni kwezopolitiko.
Emva kwemfazwe, u-Alfred Milner nabalawuli bakhe abaselula (i-'Kindergarten') bazimisela ukwenza iikoloni zibe ngamaNgesi nokuzizisa kwixesha lanamhla, ukuvuselela imigodi yegolide nokwakha ngokutsha iifama. Ukudibaniswa koqoqosho - inkqubo yololiwe nerhafu yeempahla eyabelwanayo - kwenza umanyano lwezopolitiko lubonakale linyathelo elilandelayo elinengqiqo.
- Uqoqosho lwemigodi lwaphinda lwaqaliswa, ekuqaleni ngokuyinxenye ngabasebenzi baseTshayina abangeniswayo.
- ITransvaal neOrange River Colony zanikwa urhulumente ozimeleyo (ozibusayo) ngo-1907.
- Iinkokeli zoshishino nezopolitiko zazibambana ngokukhula ukuba ilizwe elinye elimanyeneyo laliya kuba nomandla ngakumbi kwaye lube shiphu ukuliqhuba.
Speaker notes
Chaza 'Ukwakhiwa Ngokutsha' njengephulo lobukhosi elenziwe ngabom, kungekhona ukulungisa nje. UMilner wayefuna uMzantsi Afrika othetha isiNgesi, othembeke eBritane; ngokumangalisayo ukudibanisa kwakhe uqoqosho kwanceda ukudala iimeko zomanyano owawuza kukhokelwa ngoosopolitiko bama-Afrikaner kungekudala. Qaphela abasebenzi baseTshayina abangeniswayo njengesiganeko esasinempikiswano. Le slide idibanisa imfazwe nesivumelwano somgaqo-siseko. [SME] Qinisekisa imihla yorhulumente ozimeleyo kwikoloni nganye.
Ukuthethathethana ngomgaqo-siseko woManyano
Abathunywa abamhlophe abavela kwiikoloni ezine badibana ukuyila uMzantsi Afrika omanyeneyo - nokugqiba ukuba ngubani oya kuquka kuwo.
Abathunywa abavela kwiikoloni zaseKapa, iNatal, iTransvaal neOrange River badibana kwiNgqungquthela Yesizwe ukuyila umgaqo-siseko. Wonke umthunywa wayemhlophe; abantu baseAfrika, abeBala nama-Indiya bakhutshelwa ngaphandle kwiingxoxo ezazigqiba ngekamva labo lezopolitiko.
- Bakhetha ilizwe elimanyeneyo (unitary) (urhulumente omkhulu ophakathi onamandla) endaweni ye-federation (umanyano lweenxalenye).
- Ilungelo lokuvota laliyimpikiswano ekrakra: iKapa yagcina ivoti yayo enemiqathango, engekho ngokobuhlanga, ngelixa iikoloni zasemantla zavumela abamhlophe kuphela.
- Isiphumo sabhalwa kuMthetho waseMzantsi Afrika (South Africa Act), owapasiswa yiPalamente yaseBritane ngo-1909.
Speaker notes
Le yintliziyo yohlalutyo kwinxalenye yoManyano yesifundo. Gxininisa ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle: umgaqo-siseko wabo bonke abantu baseMzantsi Afrika wabhalwa kuphela ngamadoda amhlophe kwaye wawenzelwe wona. Isivumelwano selungelo lokuvota (ivoti enemiqathango yaseKapa ngokuchasene neyabamhlophe-kuphela yasemantla) libalulekile - libonisa indlela ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle ngokobuhlanga okwakhelwa ngayo ekusekweni kwelizwe. Qaphela ukuba abathunywa abeBala nabaseAfrika (kubandakanya u-W.P. Schreiner) emva koko baya eLondon ukuya kuqhankqalaza, ngaphandle kwempumelelo. [SME] Qinisekisa iinkcukacha zabathunywa bombhikisho waseLondon.
UManyano loMzantsi Afrika
Nge-31 Meyi 1910 iikoloni ezine zaba lilizwe elinye - idominiyoni ezibusayo ngaphakathi koBukhosi baseBritane.
UManyano loMzantsi Afrika ludibanisa iKapa, iNatal, iTransvaal ne-Orange Free State zaba yidominiyoni enye. U-Louis Botha, owayesakuba yijenerali yamaBhulu, waba yiNkulumbuso yokuqala, kunye noJan Smuts njengomphathiswa ophambili - uxolelwaniso lwabamhlophe, olwafezekiswa ngeendleko zoninzi olumnyama.
- Amandla ezopolitiko ayehleli ngokuqinileyo kubambalwa abamhlophe; uninzi olumnyama lwalukhutshelwe ngaphandle kwezopolitiko eziphambili.
- IPretoria yaba likomkhulu lolawulo, iKapa ikomkhulu lowiso-mthetho, yaye iBloemfontein ikomkhulu lezomthetho.
- UManyano lwabeka izisekelo zezopolitiko ezaziya kuvelisa ucalucalulo kamva, yaye ukusukela ngo-1948, ucalucalulo lobandlululo (apartheid).
Speaker notes
Vala umnwe wezopolitiko: abo babesilwa abamhlophe emfazweni (uBotha noSmuts babe ziijenerali zamaBhulu) ngoku babelawula idominiyoni yaseBritane. Gxininisa ukuchaseka nokungabikho kobulungisa okuphambili - uxolelwaniso phakathi kwabathetha isiNgesi nesiBhulu abamhlophe lwakhelwa ekukhutshelweni ngaphandle koninzi lwabantu baseAfrika, abeBala nama-Indiya. Isivumelwano samakomkhulu amathathu sabonakalisa ukuthengiselana phakathi kweekoloni. Zoba umgca oya phambili ukuya kuMthetho woMhlaba wabeMi baseAfrika we-1913 (Natives Land Act) nasekugqibeleni ubandlululo (apartheid).
Oko imfazwe noManyano bakushiya ngasemva
Iziganeko zowe-1899-1910 zamisela iphethini yoMzantsi Afrika wenkulungwane yama-20.
Ilizwe elilawulwa ngabamhlophe
UManyano lwaqinisa ulawulo lwabambalwa lwaza lwakhuphela ngaphandle uninzi olumnyama kwezopolitiko zesizwe.
Ukuchasa kwabantu baseAfrika kuyakhula
Ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwanceda ukuvuselela ezopolitiko ezintsha ezicwangcisiweyo - i-SANNC, umanduleli we-ANC, yasekwa ngo-1912.
Inkumbulo eyahlukileyo
Iinkampu zondla iqhayiya lobuzwe lwama-Afrikaner, ngelixa ukubandezeleka kwabaNtsundu kwakungakwananzwa ithuba elide - imbali ephikisanwayo.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa ezi khadi zintathu ukuqhelisela isakhono se-FET sokuvavanya iziphumo kwixesha elifutshane nelide. Bonisa ukuba ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle okwakuyilelwe kuManyano kwakhokelela ngokuthe ngqo ekusekweni kwe-South African Native National Congress (SANNC) ngo-1912. Buyela kumbuzo okhokelayo wesifundo: ngubani owazuzayo yaye ngubani owalahlekelwayo? Uxolelwaniso phakathi kwabamhlophe lweza ngeendleko zamalungelo oninzi, yaye obo bungabikho bobulungisa bumilisela yonke into eyalandelayo.
Uhlaziyo: iMfazwe yaseMzantsi Afrika noManyano
Imfazwe yegolide nobukhosi yaphela ngoxolo nangoManyano owamanyanisa abamhlophe waza wakhuphela ngaphandle uninzi olumnyama.
Phakathi kowe-1899 nowe-1910 uMzantsi Afrika wasuka kwimfazwe yobukhosi etshabalalisayo, wadlula kwiinkampu zoxinaniso ezabulala amashumi amawaka abantu abangengomajoni bazo zonke iintlanga, waya kwilizwe elimanyeneyo elakhelwe kumandla ezopolitiko abamhlophe. Sebenzisa imibuzo engezantsi ukuqinisa nokuxoxa ngobungqina.
Q. Chaza indlela izinto zoqoqosho nezopolitiko ezadibana ngayo ukubangela iMfazwe yaseMzantsi Afrika yowe-1899-1902. (8 marks)
Q. Vavanya ukuthembeka nokuba luncedo kweengxelo zika-Emily Hobhouse njengobungqina malunga neenkampu zoxinaniso. (6 marks)
Q. Ngokuya kuphi na uManyano lwe-1910 lwamanyanisa uMzantsi Afrika? Bhekisa kubani owaqukwayo nokuba ngubani owakhutshelwa ngaphandle. (10 marks)
Speaker notes
Le mibuzo mithathu ibonakalisa iindlela zovavanyo ze-CAPS FET: ingcaciso yonobangela-nesiphumo, umsebenzi wokuvavanya umthombo, kunye nengxoxo eyandisiweyo ethi 'ngokuya kuphi na'. Khuthaza abafundi ukuba basebenzise ubungqina obuvela kulo lonke isifundo baze bafike kwisigwebo esixhaswayo endaweni yokudwelisa iinyaniso. Bakhumbuze ukuba lo mxholo umisela iiyunithi ezilandelayo malunga nocalucalulo, uMthetho woMhlaba we-1913 (Land Act) kunye nokunyuka kweqhayiya lobuzwe labantu baseAfrika.
- Grade
- Grade 10
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- The South African War and Union
- Resource type
- Presentation