Imphi yekucala leyalwelwa emhlabeni wonkhe - nekutsi yayifinyelela njani ngekujula eNingizimu Afrika kanye nakuyo yonkhe i-Afrika.
Speaker notes
Cala ngekubuta bafundzi kutsi yini labasebayati ngetimphi letimbili teMhlaba. Chaza kutsi lesifundvo sibuka iMphi Yemhlaba Yekucala: kutsi yacaliswa yini, kwakunjani kulwa, futsi - lokubalulekile kitsi - bantfu baseNingizimu Afrika kanye nalabanye base-Afrika badvonselwa njani kulemphi lebeyiphakatsi kwemibuso yaseYurophu. Beka tintsambo letine: timbangela, imphi yemseleni, iNingizimu Afrika kanye ne-Afrika, kanye nemphumela.
Imphi leyacala eYurophu nga-1914 kodvwa leyalwelwa etigodzini letinyenti kwaze kwaba ngu-1918.
IMphi Yemhlaba Yekucala, lebitwa ngekutsi First World War noma 'Great War' (Imphi Lenkhulu), yatsatsa kusukela nga-28 Julayi 1914 kuya ku-11 Novemba 1918. Kwaba yimphi yekucala lehlanganisa emave lamanyenti ngesikhatsi sinye, ngiko nje ibitwa ngekutsi yimphi yemhlaba.
- Yalwelwa kakhulu eYurophu, kodvwa nase-Afrika naseMbindzi Melusa (Middle East).
- Emasotja langetulu kwesigidzi eta emakoloni emibuso yaseYurophu - kubandzakanya neNingizimu Afrika.
- Cishe emasotja langu-9 kuya ku-10 wetigidzi abulawa, kanye netigidzi tetakhamuti letingemasotja.
Speaker notes
Gcizelela bukhulu balemphi. Ngenca yekutsi emandla aseYurophu abusa emakoloni lamakhulu, kuxabana kweYurophu kwadvonsela bantfu base-Afrika, base-Asia, base-Australia nase-America. Chaza kutsi iNingizimu Afrika beyiyincenye yeMbuso weBhrithani, ngako sincumo lesatsatfwa eLondon sawatsintsa bantfu baseKapa naseGoli. Emanani ebantfu labafako angumcabango - bo-histori baniketa libanga. [SME] Ciniseka ngelibanga lelipheleleko lekufa lofuna bafundzi balisebentise.
Kunetintfo letine letesikhatsi lesidze letatakhula eYurophu iminyaka leminyenti ngaphambi kwa-1914.
Militarism (Bunsotja)
Emave akha emabutfo lamakhulu emphi kanye nawelwandle futsi atigcabha ngemandla awo emphi.
Alliances (Tivumelwano)
Etive tenta tetsembiso tekuvikelana, ngako kulwa kunye bekungadvonsa emave lamanyenti.
Imperialism (Bukoloni)
Emandla aseYurophu ancintisana ngekulawula emakoloni netinsita emhlabeni wonkhe.
Nationalism (Bushiye-live)
Kutigcabha lokukhulu ngesive kwenta emave afise kutikhombisa futsi angafuni kuhlehla.
Speaker notes
MAIN ngumkhumbuti bafundzi labangawugcina wesiviwo. Chaza ngayinye ngesibonelo lesilula: militarism = umncintiswano welwandle emkhatsini weBhrithani neJalimane; alliances = emacembu lamabili laphikisanako; imperialism = kucuketana ngemakoloni ase-Afrika; nationalism = emacembu lafuna emave awo. Gcizelela kutsi loku bekutintsambo tesizinda - imphi ibisadzinga lokuyicalisako, lokutako ngekulandzelako.
Kubulawa kwemuntfu munye kwacalisa liketanga lemcombuluko kuyo yonkhe imicombo yaseYurophu.
Nga-28 Juni 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, indlalifa yesihlalo se-Austria-Hungary, wabulawa eSarajevo ngu-Gavrilo Princip, insizwa lensha lengumBosnian Serb leyayinesive lesinemgomo (nationalist). I-Austria-Hungary yasola iSerbia.
- I-Austria-Hungary yamemetela imphi eSerbia.
- IRussia yasukumela kuvikela iSerbia; iJalimane yasekela i-Austria-Hungary.
- Tivumelwano tadvonsela iJalimane, iFrance kanye neBhrithani emavikini lambalwa.
Speaker notes
Sebentisa sitfombe sema-dominoes lawako kuchaza 'liketanga lemcombuluko'. Yenta kucace kutsi kubulawa kwemuntfu bekuyinhlanselo, hhayi imbangela lejulile - tinsayo te-MAIN tenta sehlakalo lesincane saqhuma saba yimphi lenkhulu. Gcina budlova bufanele libanga lebantfwana: sho liciniso lekubulawa kwemuntfu ngalokucacile ngaphandle kwemininingwane lecunulako.
IYurophu yehlukana yaba ngemacembu lamabili lahlomile, futsi emakoloni awo advonselwa nawo.
Speaker notes
Khombisa kutsi iNingizimu Afrika yalwa ngasohlangotsini lwema-Allies ngobe yayiyincenye yeMbuso weBhrithani. Khumbuta bafundzi kutsi i-Italy empeleni yacala isesivumelwaneni neJalimane kodvwa yajoyina ema-Allies nga-1915 - sibonelo lesihle sekutsi tivumelwano tingaguquka njani. Gcina tinhlu timfisha; umcondvo lomkhulu ngu 'emacembu lamabili laphikisanako lelinye nalelinye ladvonsela bangani nemakoloni awo'.
Isikhatsi lesinyenti semphi emacembu lamabili abegingcile abhekene emiseleni lemidze.
E-Western Front eFrance naseBelgium, emasotja emba imiseleni lejulile futsi ayivikela iminyaka. Umhlaba lovulekile, loyingoti emkhatsini wemacembu lamabili bewubitwa ngekutsi yi-'no man's land' (umhlaba longewamuntfu). Kute licembu lelalikwati kudvweba lelinye kalula, ngako imphi yaba kubambana kwesikhatsi lesidze, lokubulalako.
- Emasotja aphila nedaka, emagundvwane, tifo nemakhata emiseleni.
- Kuhlasela kudzabula i-no man's land kanyenti kwabita imiphefumulo leyinkhulungwane ngemhlaba lomncane.
- Loluhlobo lwekulwa ngiko lokwenta kutsi emasotja lamanyenti afe eMphini Yemhlaba Yekucala.
Speaker notes
Sita bafundzi bacabange kuphila kwemihla ngemihla: kubandza, kumantana, kwesabekako, kudzinako sikhatsi lesidze bese kuba nekwesabeka ngesikhatsi sekuhlasela. Chaza kubambana - ngetibhamu tema-machine gun nelucingo lolunameva luvikela umsele ngamunye, kudzabula i-no man's land bekucishe kube kutibulala, ngako umkhatsi wemphi wawungasukumi iminyaka. Loku kuhlanganisa nekutsi kungani emanani ebantfu labafako abemakhulu.
Imishini lemisha yenta iMphi Yemhlaba Yekucala yabulala kwendlula nome yiyiphi imphi ngaphambili.
Ema-machine gun
Bewungadubula tinhlamvu letimakhulu ngemzuzu munye, wente kuhlasela emhlabeni lovulekile kube yingoti.
Igesi lenetigobho (Poison gas)
Emafu etakhi lakhamako lakhamela nekuphuphutsekisa emasotja emiseleni.
Ema-tanki
Timoto letivikelekile letakhelwe kwewela imiseleni nelucingo lolunameva.
Tindiza netikepe letishonako
Tindiza betihlola futsi tijikijela emabhomu; tikepe letishonako (submarines) tihlasela imikhumbi elwandle.
Speaker notes
Chaza kutsi timboni nesayensi, lebekungatfutfukisa kuphila kwemihla ngemihla, kwaphendvulwa kwentiwa imphi ibulale kakhulu. Igesi lenetigobho siyindzaba lebucayi - yiyethule njengeliciniso njengesikhali lesabangela kuhlupheka lokukhulu, lokuyingcenye yekutsi kungani kamuva yavinjelwa ngesivumelwano semhlaba. Buta bafundzi: buchwepheshe lobusha bwayiguqula njani indlela imphi leyalwa ngayo?
Njengencenye yeMbuso weBhrithani, iNyunyana yaseNingizimu Afrika lensha yadvonselwa emphini.
INyunyana yaseNingizimu Afrika (Union of South Africa) yayikhona kusukela nga-1910 kuphela. Ngesikhatsi iBhrithani ingena emphini nga-1914, iNyunyana yajoyina ngasohlangotsini lwema-Allies. Ndvunankhulu Louis Botha kanye nesekela sakhe Jan Smuts - bobabili bekwaba bo-general besiBhunu (Boer) - bavuma kulwela iBhrithani nekuhlasela emakoloni eJalimane laseceleni e-Afrika.
- IBhrithani yacela iNingizimu Afrika kutsi ihlasele iGerman South West Africa leseceleni.
- Botha na-Smuts baholela umzamo wemphi waseNingizimu Afrika.
- Akusibo bonkhe bantfu baseNingizimu Afrika lababevumelana nekulwela iBhrithani.
Speaker notes
Gcizelela lisu lekutsi Botha na-Smuts babelwe MELENE neBhrithani eMphini yaseNingizimu Afrika (Anglo-Boer War) cishe lishumi leminyaka ngaphambili, futsi manje bebaholela iNingizimu Afrika kutsi ilwele iBhrithani. Loku kusita kuchaza kutsi kungani labanye emaBhunu batibona baphambukelwe - lokuletsa isilayidi lesilandzelako semvukela wa-1914. 'German South West Africa' yiNamibia yalamuhla.
Lamanye emaBhunu ala kulwela umbuso lababelwa nawo ngesikhatsi lesidzeni.
EmaBhunu lamanyenti asenetinkhumbulo letibuhlungu teMphi yaseNingizimu Afrika (1899-1902) lebeyimelene neBhrithani. Ngesikhatsi hulumende alungiselela kuhlasela iGerman South West Africa, lamanye asukuma ngekuhlasela emphini lebitwa ngekutsi umvukela (rebellion). Waholwa ngemaBhunu labafana nabo-general Christiaan de Wet kanye na-Manie Maritz.
- Botha na-Smuts basebentisa emabutfo ahulumende kucindzetela umvukela.
- Umvukela wehlulwa etinyangeni letimbalwa.
- De Wet kamuva watfolwa anelicala lekuvukela hulumende (treason) ngenca yendzawo yakhe kuwo.
Speaker notes
Sebentisa loku kukhombisa kutsi iNingizimu Afrika yayingahlangananga ngemuva kwemphi. Chaza 'umvukela' kanye 'nelicala lekuvukela hulumende' ngemavi lalula. Phatsa ngekunakekela: loku bekukwehlukana lokubuhlungu emkhatsini webantfu baseNingizimu Afrika ngemuva nje kweMphi ye-Anglo-Boer. Umcondvo kubafundzi kutsi sincumo sekulwela iBhrithani besinemphikiswano ekhaya. [SME] Ciniseka luhla lwebaholi bemvukela nemalanga kubhekiswa emtfombeni we-SAHO ngaphambi kwekukhicita.
Kulwa bekungekho eYurophu kuphela - kwafinyelela kuyo yonkhe iningizimu nemphumalanga ye-Afrika.
Emabutfo aseNingizimu Afrika ahlasela iGerman South West Africa (i-Namibia yalamuhla), leyanikela nga-1915 yase ibekwa ngaphansi kwekulawulwa yiNingizimu Afrika. Smuts wabese uhola emabutfo ema-Allies amelene nemabutfo eJalimane e-German East Africa (dvutane neTanzania yanyalo).
- Emkhankaso ase-Afrika wewutsembele kakhulu emasotjeni ase-Afrika, tinhloli netisebenti.
- Tifo netibangamo letidze kwenta lomkhankaso wabalukhuni kakhulu.
- IGerman South West Africa yahlala ngaphansi kwekubusa kweNingizimu Afrika emashumi eminyaka ngemuva kwaloko.
Speaker notes
Gcizelela kutsi i-Afrika ngekwayo yayiyindzawo yemphi ngobe imibuso yaseYurophu yayinemakoloni lapha. Bantfu base-Afrika benta lokunyenti kwekutfwala, kwakha nekulwa, kanyenti ngaphandle kwekubongwa. Loku kuhlanganisa imphi yemhlaba wonkhe ngco nesifundza setfu. [SME] Ciniseka emagama etindzawo lalinganako (German East Africa / Tanganyika / Tanzania) kanye nemalanga emkhankaso.
Tinkhulungwane takhonta - noma tinchubomgomo tebandlululo tabemukela linyenti lawo lilungelo lekutfwala tikhali.
I-South African Native Labour Contingent (SANLC) yatfumela emadvodza lamnyama aseNingizimu Afrika eFrance, kodvwa avunyelwa kutfwala tikhali futsi asebenta njengetisebenti ngasemuva kwemphi. I-Cape Corps yavumela emasotja laluhlaza kutsi akhonte, kufaka ekhatsi nase-East Africa naseMbindzi Melusa.
Indzaba ye-SS Mendi yaba luphawu loluhlala njalo lwesibindzi sebantfu labaMnyama baseNingizimu Afrika emphini. South African History Online
- NgeFebruwari 1917 umkhumbi wemasotja i-SS Mendi washona e-English Channel ngemuva kwekushayisana.
- Emakhulu emalunga e-SANLC aminta kuleyo nhlekelele.
- Kutdela kwawo kukhunjulwa lamuhla, kufaka ekhatsi nange-Mendi Decoration of Bravery.
Speaker notes
Le yindzaba lebalulekile yaseNingizimu Afrika. Chaza kungabi nabulungiswa: emadvodza lamnyama atfunyelwa kutosita kodvwa abemukelwa sitfunti sekutfwala tikhali ngenca yemcondvo webandlululo walesikhatsi. Landzisa indzaba ye-SS Mendi ngenhlonipho - yindzawo yenkhumbulo yesive. [SME] Ciniseka emanani lacinisile (cishe emalunga a-SANLC langu-21,000 akhonta; langetulu kwa-600 afa eMendi) kanye nemininingwane yekushayisana ngaphambi kwekukhicita.
Imphi lena idvume kakhulu - futsi lebita kakhulu - yaseNingizimu Afrika emphini.
NgeJulayi 1916, ngesikhatsi semphi lenkhulu yaseSomme (Battle of the Somme) eFrance, iSouth African Brigade yayalwa kutsi ibambe futsi ibambelele ehlatsini lelincane lelibitwa ngekutsi yiDelville Wood. Balibamba ngaphansi kwekuhlaselwa lokwesabekako emalanga lambalwa, kodvwa balahlekelwa kabuhlungu.
- Kubantfu baseNingizimu Afrika labacishe babe ngu-3,000 labangena, ngemakhulu lambalwa kuphela laphendvula ngesikhatsi sekubalwa ngemuva kwaloko.
- IDelville Wood yaba luphawu lwekutdela kweNingizimu Afrika emphini.
- Kwakhiwa sikhumbuti eDelville Wood kuhlonipha labo labafa.
Speaker notes
IDelville Wood ibalulekile kunendlela iNingizimu Afrika lekhumbula ngayo iMphi Yemhlaba Yekucala. Dlulisela bukhulu bekulahlekelwa ngaphandle kwekubabata imphi - linyenti le-brigade labulawa, lalimala noma lalahleka. Hlanganisa nalamuhla: sikhumbuti seDelville Wood nemikhosi yekukhumbula kugcina lenkhumbulo iphila. [SME] Ciniseka linani lebasindzi/sekubalwa kubhekiswa emtfombeni we-SAHO.
- 1914 Kubulawa kwemuntfu eSarajevo; imphi iyacala; iNingizimu Afrika iyajoyina futsi umvukela wemaBhunu uyaqhuma
- 1915 IGerman South West Africa inikela emabutfweni aseNingizimu Afrika
- 1916 Imphi yaseDelville Wood; umkhankaso we-East Africa
- 1917 I-SS Mendi iyashona; i-USA ijoyina ema-Allies
- 1918 Sivumelwano sekuyekelisa kulwa (Armistice) nga-11 Novemba siyekelisa kulwa
- 1919 Kusayinwa kweSivumelwano saseVersailles
Speaker notes
Sebentisa loku kuhlanganisa indzaba ngaphambi kwemphumela. Cela bafundzi babone tehlakalo taseNingizimu Afrika (kujoyina 1914, GSWA 1915, Delville Wood 1916, Mendi 1917) letihleti ngekhatsi kwemugca wesikhatsi wemhlaba wonkhe. Loku kuciniseka umcondvo lomkhulu wesifundvo: imphi yemhlaba wonkhe lenemthelela lomkhulu endzaweni.
Kulwa kwema nga-1918, futsi sivumelwano sekuthula sa-1919 sabumba kabusha umhlaba.
Kulwa kwaphela ngesivumelwano sekuyekelisa kulwa (armistice) nga-11 Novemba 1918. Nga-1919 iSivumelwano saseVersailles (Treaty of Versailles) sasola iJalimane ngemphi, sayiphocelela kutsi ikhokhe sinhlawulo (reparations) lesikhulu futsi itsatse umsebenti, sayephuca emakoloni ayo. Kwasungulwa iLeague of Nations lensha kuzama kuvimbela timphi tesikhatsi lesitako, futsi iNingizimu Afrika yaniketwa kulawula iSouth West Africa. Bo-histori labanyenti batsi sivumelwano lesilukhuni sasita kubangela kutfukutsela lokwatako lokwaholela eMphini Yemhlaba Yesibili.
Q. Chaza timbangela te-MAIN tesikhatsi lesidze teMphi Yemhlaba Yekucala kanye nekutsi kubulawa kwemuntfu eSarajevo kwayicalisa njani imphi. (6 marks)
Q. Chaza kutsi imphi yemseleni beyinjani futsi uchaze kutsi kungani emasotja lamanyenti afa. (4 marks)
Q. Cocisana ngekutsi bantfu labaMnyama nabaLuhlaza baseNingizimu Afrika babandzakanyeka njani emphini, usebentisa i-SANLC, i-Cape Corps noma i-SS Mendi njengesibonelo. (6 marks)
Speaker notes
Vala ngekuhlanganisa imbangela nemphumela: kuphela kwemphi kwadala kuthula lokwatsi labanyenti bakubona kungenabulungiswa eJalimane, kwahlanyela timbewu teMphi Yemhlaba Yesibili. Imibuto lemitsatfu ilingisa titayela te-CAPS - kukhumbula lokususelwa emtfonjeni kanye nekubhala lokufishane. Yisebentise njengemsebenti lobhaliwe noma ingcoco yeklasi. [SME] Ciniseka kutsi umbono wekutsi iVersailles 'yabangela' iWWII wethulwa njengekuhumusha lokuphikiswanako, hhayi liciniso leliqinisekisiwe, kulelibanga.
- Grade
- Grade 8
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- World War I (1914-1918)
- Resource type
- Presentation