Ipi yokuthoma eyalwiwa kilo loke iphasi - nendlela eyafika ngayo ngokutjhinga eSewula ye-Afrika neenarheni ezinye ze-Afrika.
Speaker notes
Vula ngokubuza abafundi bona bazini ngeepi ezimbili zePhasi. Hlathulula bona isifundo lesi siqala iPi YePhasi Yokuthoma: kubayini yathoma, ukulwa bekunjani, begodu - okuqakathekileko kithi - indlela abaSewula ye-Afrika nabanye abantu be-Afrika abadonswa ngayo ngepini phakathi kwemibuso yeYurophu. Beka iingcenye ezine: imbangela, ipi yemisele, iSewula ye-Afrika ne-Afrika, nemiphumela.
Ipi eyathoma e-Yurophu ngo-1914 kodwana eyalwiwa emakhontinentini amanengi bekube ngu-1918.
IPi YePhasi Yokuthoma, ebizwa nangokobana yi-First World War namkha yi-'Great War' (iPi Ekulu), yathatha kusukela 28 July 1914 ukuya 11 November 1918. Beyipi yokuthoma ebandakanya iinarha ezinengi ngesikhathi sinye, kungakho ibizwa ngepi yephasi loke.
- Yalwiwa khulukhulu e-Yurophu, kodwana ne-Afrika ne-Middle East.
- Iimigidi yamasotja yavela emakolonini wemibuso yeYurophu - kubandakanya iSewula ye-Afrika.
- Malungana namasotja azi-9 ukuya ku-10 million abulawa, ngaphezu kwabantu abangasi masotja abazii-millions.
Speaker notes
Gandelela ubukhulu. Ngombana imibuso yeYurophu beyilawula imibuso emikhulu, ukulwa kweYurophu kwadonsa abantu be-Afrika, i-Asia, i-Australia ne-America. Qaphela bona iSewula ye-Afrika beyiyingcenye yombuso weBrithani, ngalokho isiqunto esenziwa eLondon sathinta abantu eKapa naseGoli. Iimbalobalo zababulewe zisilinganiso - abalandi bomlando banikela ibanga. [SME] Qinisekisa ibanga eliphelele lababulewe ofuna abafundi balisebenzise.
Iingcindezi ezine zesikhathi eside zakhula e-Yurophu iminyaka eminengi ngaphambi kuka-1914.
Militarism
Iinarha zakha amabutho amakhulu nemikhumbi yepi begodu bezizikhukhumeza ngamandlazo wepi.
Alliances
Iinarha zenza iimvumelwano zokuvikelana, ngalokho ukulwa okukodwa kwakghona ukudonsa iinarha ezinengi.
Imperialism
Imibuso yeYurophu yaphaphalaza ilawula amakoloni neenthako emhlabeni woke.
Nationalism
Ukuzikhukhumeza ngesitjhaba okumandla kwenza iinarha zifise ukuzitjengisa begodu zingafuni ukubuyela emva.
Speaker notes
I-MAIN sisisizo sekukhumbula abafundi abangasibamba beyokuhlolwa. Hlathulula ngasinye ngesibonelo esilula: militarism = umjarho wemikhumbi hlangana neBrithani neGermany; alliances = amaqembu amabili aqalene; imperialism = ukuphaphalaza amakoloni we-Afrika; nationalism = amaqembu afuna iinarha zawo. Gandelela bona lezi bezizinkinga zangemuva - ipi beyisatlhoga isibangeli, esilandelako.
Ukubulawa okukodwa kwavusa umsobho wokusabela kizo zoke iimvumelwano zeYurophu.
Mhla zi-28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, indlalifa yesihlalo sombuso we-Austria-Hungary, wabulawa e-Sarajevo ngu-Gavrilo Princip, isitjha esisisele saseBosnia esizikhukhumeza ngesitjhaba. I-Austria-Hungary yabeka umlandu kwiSerbia.
- I-Austria-Hungary yamemezela ipi kwiSerbia.
- IRussia yasikima ivikela iSerbia; iGermany yasekela i-Austria-Hungary.
- Iimvumelwano zadonsa iGermany, iFrance bese iBrithani hlangana namaveke ambalwa.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa isithombe samadomino awako ukuhlathulula 'umsobho wokusabela'. Yenza kucace bona ukubulawa bekusisicabho, ingasi imbangela edephileko - iingcindezi ze-MAIN zenza isenzakalo esincani sikhukhumale sibe yipi ekulu. Gcina ubudlhula bufaneleke ngokweminyaka: veza iqiniso lokubulawa ngokusobala ngaphandle kokutjho okurhabhako.
IYurophu yahlukana yaba mahlangothi amabili anamabutho, kwathi amakolonawo adonswa kanye nawo.
Speaker notes
Veza bona iSewula ye-Afrika yalwa ehlangothini lama-Allies ngombana beyiyingcenye yombuso weBrithani. Khumbuza abafundi bona i-Italy yathoma ngesivumelwano neGermany kodwana yajoyina ama-Allies ngo-1915 - isibonelo esihle sokobana iimvumelwano bezingatjhuguluka. Gcina imirhelo mifitjhani; umbono oqakathekileko 'maqembu amabili aqalene lawo ngayinye adonsa abangani namakoloni wawo'.
Isikhathi esinengi sepi amahlangothi omabili aqalana angakghoni ukusuka emiseleni emide.
E-Western Front eFrance ne-Belgium, amasotja embile imisele edephileko begodu ayivikela iminyaka. Ibala eliseluleko, eliyingozi phakathi kwamahlangothi omabili belibizwa nge-'no man's land'. Alikho ihlangothi ebeligadungela ngokulula, ngalokho ipi yaba yisidonso eside, esibulalako.
- Amasotja bekaphila nedaka, amagundwana, amalwelwe namakhaza emiseleni.
- Ukuhlasela kudlula i-no man's land bekubiza izinkulungwane zabantu ngebala elincani.
- Ihlobo lepi elinjalo kungikho ababulawa ngalo amasotja amanengi ePini YePhasi Yokuthoma.
Speaker notes
Siza abafundi bacabange ipilo yaqobe langa: amakhaza, ubumanzi, ukwesabeka, ukudinwa isikhathi eside bese kuba nokwesabekako lokha nakuhlaselwa. Hlathulula isidonso - ngeenkhali zomtjhini newaya elinameva elivikela imisele ngayinye, ukugijima udlula i-no man's land bekulingana nokuzibulala, ngalokho ibala lepi belingakhambi iminyaka. Lokhu kuhlangana nokobana kubayini iimbalobalo zababulewe bezinengi kangaka.
Imitjhini emitjha yenza iPi YePhasi Yokuthoma ibe bulala ukudlula nanyana ngiyiphi ipi ngaphambili.
Iinkhali zomtjhini
Bezikghona ukudubula amabhulethe amakhulu ngomzuzu, kwenza ukuhlasela ebaleni elivulekileko kubulale.
Igesi enobuthi
Amafu weenswayi anobuthi ayebaminisa begodu aphuphuthekise amasotja emiseleni.
Amatanka
Iimomotoro ezibhande ngensimbi ezakhelwe ukuwela imisele newaya elinameva.
Iimbhulomu nemikhumbi engwilako
Iimbhulomu bezihlola begodu ziphosele ngamabhomu; imikhumbi engwilako yahlasela iinkepe elwandle.
Speaker notes
Hlathulula bona iimboni nesayensi, ebezingathuthukisa ipilo yaqobe langa, zaphendulelwa ekwenzeni ipi ibe bulala khudlwana. Igesi enobuthi silihloko elizwelako - libeke njengeqiniso njengesikhali esabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu, okuyingcenye yebanga lokobana kamva savinjelwa ngesivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe. Buza abafundi: ithegnoloji etjha yayitjhugulula njani indlela iimpi ebezilwiwa ngayo?
Njengengcenye yombuso weBrithani, i-Union of South Africa esesencani yadonswa ngepini.
I-Union of South Africa beyisese khona kusukela ngo-1910 kwaphela. Lokha iBrithani ingena epini ngo-1914, i-Union yajoyina ehlangothini lama-Allies. UNdunakulu Louis Botha nesekela lakhe Jan Smuts - bobabili amageneral wamaBhunu wangaphambili - bavuma ukulwela iBrithani nokuhlasela amakoloni weGermany aseduze ne-Afrika.
- IBrithani yabawa iSewula ye-Afrika bona ihlasele i-German South West Africa yomakhelwana.
- UBotha noSmuts bahola umzamo wepi weSewula ye-Afrika.
- Ingasi boke abantu baseSewula ye-Afrika abavumelana nokulwela iBrithani.
Speaker notes
Veza ikhethelo lokobana uBotha noSmuts balwa MALWA neBrithani ePini yeSewula ye-Afrika (Anglo-Boer War) eminyakeni elitjhumi ngaphambili, begodu nje bebahola iSewula ye-Afrika ukulwela iBrithani. Lokhu kusiza ukuhlathulula bona kubayini amanye ama-Afrikaner azizwa akhohliswa - okubeka isilayidi esilandelako somvukela ka-1914. 'German South West Africa' yi-Namibia yanamhlanjesi.
Amanye ama-Afrikaner ala ukulwela umbuso ebebalwe nawo msinyana.
Amanengi ama-Afrikaner asesenamakhumbulo abuhlungu ne-South African War (1899-1902) ebelwa neBrithani. Lokha urhulumende alungiselela ukuhlasela i-German South West Africa, amanye asikima ngo-mvukela onamasotja. Bewuholwa mafigosi wamaBhunu anjengamageneral Christiaan de Wet noManie Maritz.
- UBotha noSmuts basebenzisa amabutho karhulumende ukucindezela umvukela.
- Umvukela wahlulwa hlangana neenyanga ezimbalwa.
- UDe Wet kamva wafunyanwa anecala lokuvukela umbuso ngengcenye yakhe kiwo.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa lokhu ukutjengisa bona iSewula ye-Afrika beyingahlangani ngemva kwepi. Hlathulula 'umvukela' 'nokuvukela umbuso' ngamagama alula. Phatha ngokuzwela: lesi bekukuhlukana obuhlungu hlangana nabaSewula ye-Afrika msinyana ngemva kwe-Anglo-Boer War. Umbono kubafundi kukobana isiqunto sokulwela iBrithani besinepikiswano ekhaya. [SME] Qinisekisa uhla lwabaholi bomvukela nemihla ngokweenthombo ze-SAHO ngaphambi kokukhiqiza.
Ukulwa bekungasi eYurophu kwaphela - kwafika kilo loke iSewula nePumalanga ye-Afrika.
Amabutho weSewula ye-Afrika ahlasela i-German South West Africa (namhlanjesi yi-Namibia), eyazinikela ngo-1915 yabekwa ngaphasi kokulawulwa yiSewula ye-Afrika. USmuts wabe wahola amasotja ama-Allies avimbezela amabutho weGermany e-German East Africa (eduze ne-Tanzania yanamhlanjesi).
- Amakhampeyini we-Afrika athembela khulu emasotjeni, iinhloli nabasebenzi bama-Afrika.
- Amalwelwe nebanga elide kwenza amakhampeyini la abe budisi khulu.
- I-German South West Africa yahlala ngaphasi kombuso weSewula ye-Afrika amatjhumi weminyaka ngemva kwalokho.
Speaker notes
Gandelela bona i-Afrika ngokwayo beyisebaleni lepi ngombana imibuso yeYurophu beyinamakoloni lapha. Abantu be-Afrika benza inengi lokuthwala, ukwakha nokulwa, kanengi ngaphandle kokwamukelwa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ipi yephasi loke ngokunqophileko nesifunda sethu. [SME] Qinisekisa amagama weendawo (German East Africa / Tanganyika / Tanzania) nemihla yamakhampeyini.
Iinkulungwane zasebenzela - nanyana imithetho yebandlululo yala inengi lawo ilungelo lokuphatha iinkhali.
I-South African Native Labour Contingent (SANLC) yathumela amadoda amnyama weSewula ye-Afrika eFrance, kodwana bekangavumeleki ukuphatha iinkhali begodu asebenza njengabasebenzi ngemva kwebutho. I-Cape Corps yavumela amasotja abebala ukusebenza, kubandakanya ePumalanga ye-Afrika ne-Middle East.
Indaba ye-SS Mendi yaba luphawu oluhlala kokhu lwesibindi sabaSewula ye-Afrika abanzima epini. South African History Online
- NgoFebruary 1917 umkhumbi wamasotja i-SS Mendi wagwilika e-English Channel ngemva kokungqubuzana.
- Amakhulu wamalunga we-SANLC arhoqobala esehlakalweni esibi.
- Ukuzidela kwabo kukhunjulwa namhlanjesi, kubandakanya nge-Mendi Decoration of Bravery.
Speaker notes
Le yindaba eqakathekileko yeSewula ye-Afrika. Hlathulula ukungabi nabulungiswa: amadoda amnyama athunyelwa ukusiza kodwana ala isithunzi sokuphatha iinkhali ngebanga leembono zebandlululo zangaleso sikhathi. Landisa indaba ye-SS Mendi ngehlonipho - yindawo yesikhumbuzo sesitjhaba. [SME] Qinisekisa iimbalobalo ezinembileko (malungana no-21,000 be-SANLC abasebenzako; ngaphezu kuka-600 abafa e-Mendi) neminingwana yokungqubuzana ngaphambi kokukhiqiza.
Ipi edumileko khulu - nebiza khulu - yeSewula ye-Afrika epini.
Ngo-July 1916, hlangana ne-Battle of the Somme ekulu eFrance, i-South African Brigade yalayelwa ukuthumba nokubamba ihlathi elincani elibizwa nge-Delville Wood. Balibamba ngaphasi kokuhlaselwa okumararanako amalanga ambalwa, kodwana balahlekelwa kabuhlungu.
- KwabaSewula ye-Afrika abamalungana no-3,000 abangena, mbalwa kwaphela amakhulu abaphendula lokha nakubizwa amabizo ngemva kwalokho.
- I-Delville Wood yaba luphawu lokuzidela kweSewula ye-Afrika epini.
- Isikhumbuzo sakhiwa kamva e-Delville Wood ukuhlonipha labo abafako.
Speaker notes
I-Delville Wood iqakatheke khulu endleleni iSewula ye-Afrika ekhumbula ngayo iPi YePhasi Yokuthoma. Veza ubukhulu bokulahlekelwa ngaphandle kokukhukhumeza ipi - inengi lebutho labulawa, lalimala namkha lalahleka. Hlanganisa nanamhlanjesi: isikhumbuzo se-Delville Wood nemikhosi yokukhumbula igcina lo mkhumbulo uphila. [SME] Qinisekisa isibalo sabasindako/bebizwa amabizo ngeenthombo ze-SAHO.
- 1914 Ukubulawa e-Sarajevo; ipi yathoma; iSewula ye-Afrika iyajoyina begodu kuvuka umvukela wama-Afrikaner
- 1915 I-German South West Africa izinikela emabuthweni weSewula ye-Afrika
- 1916 IPi ye-Delville Wood; ikhampeyini yePumalanga ye-Afrika
- 1917 I-SS Mendi iyagwilika; i-USA iyajoyina ama-Allies
- 1918 I-Armistice mhla zi-11 November iqeda ukulwa
- 1919 Kusayinwa i-Treaty of Versailles
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa lokhu ukuhlanganisa indaba ngaphambi kwemiphumela. Buza abafundi batjhaye izehlakalo zeSewula ye-Afrika (ukujoyina 1914, GSWA 1915, Delville Wood 1916, Mendi 1917) ezihlezi ngaphakathi kwehlelo lesikhathi lephasi loke. Lokhu kuqinisa umbono oqakathekileko wesifundo: ipi yephasi loke enomthelela omkhulu wendawo.
Ukulwa kwaphela ngo-1918, begodu isivumelwano sokuthula sango-1919 satjhugulula iphasi.
Ukulwa kwaphela nge-armistice mhla zi-11 November 1918. Ngo-1919 i-Treaty of Versailles yabeka umlandu wepi kwiGermany, yayigandelela bona ibhadele iindleko zomonakalo (reparations) ezinzima nokwamukela umlandu, yayihlubula amakolonayo. Kwabekwa i-League of Nations etjha ukuzama ukuvimbela iimpi zangomuso, begodu iSewula ye-Afrika yanikelwa ukulawula i-South West Africa. Abalandi bomlando abanengi bathi isivumelwano esinzima sasiza ukubangela ukusilingeka kwakamva okwaholela ePini YePhasi Yesibili.
Q. Hlathulula imbangela ze-MAIN zesikhathi eside zePi YePhasi Yokuthoma nendlela ukubulawa e-Sarajevo okwabangela ngayo ipi. (6 marks)
Q. Hlathulula bona ipi yemisele beyinjani begodu uhlathulule bona kubayini kwabulawa amasotja amanengi kangaka. (4 marks)
Q. Cabangela indlela abaSewula ye-Afrika abanzima nabebala abathatha ngayo ingcenye epini, usebenzisa i-SANLC, i-Cape Corps namkha i-SS Mendi njengesibonelo. (6 marks)
Speaker notes
Phetha ngokuhlanganisa imbangela nomphumela: ukuphela kwepi kwadala ukuthula okwabonwa banengi kungakalungi kwiGermany, okwatjala imbewu yePi YePhasi Yesibili. Imibuzo emithathu ilingisa iindlela ze-CAPS - ukukhumbula okusekelwe emthonjeni nokutlola okufitjhani okwandisiweko. Zisebenzise njengomsebenzi otloliweko namkha ipikiswano yeklasi. [SME] Qinisekisa bona umbono wokobana i-Versailles 'yabangela' iWWII wethulwa njengokutolikwa okuphikiswanako, ingasi iqiniso elimisiweko, kuleli banga.
- Grade
- Grade 8
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- World War I (1914-1918)
- Resource type
- Presentation