Impi yokuqala eyalwa emhlabeni wonke jikelele - nokuthi yafinyelela kanjani ngokujulile eNingizimu Afrika nakuyo yonke i-Afrika.
Speaker notes
Qala ngokubuza abafundi ukuthi yini abasekwaziyo ngezimpi zomhlaba ezimbili. Chaza ukuthi lesi sifundo sibheka iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala: ukuthi yaqalelwani, ukulwa kwakunjani, futhi - okubalulekile kithi - ukuthi abantu baseNingizimu Afrika nabanye base-Afrika badonswa kanjani empini ephakathi kwemibuso yaseYurophu. Misa imicu emine: izimbangela, ukulwa emiseleni, iNingizimu Afrika ne-Afrika, kanye nemiphumela.
Impi eyaqala eYurophu ngo-1914 kodwa eyalwa emazwekazini amaningana kwaze kwaba ngu-1918.
IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, ebizwa nangokuthi iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala (First World War) noma 'iMpi Enkulu', yathatha isikhathi kusukela 28 July 1914 kuya 11 November 1918. Kwakuyimpi yokuqala eyabandakanya amazwe amaningi kangaka ngesikhathi esisodwa, yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi yimpi yezwe.
- Yayilwa ikakhulukazi eYurophu, kodwa nase-Afrika naseMpumalanga Ephakathi (Middle East).
- Izigidi zamasosha zazivela emakoloni emibuso yaseYurophu - kubandakanya neNingizimu Afrika.
- Cishe amasosha ayizigidi eziyisishiyagalolunye kuya kweziyishumi abulawa, ngaphezu kwezigidi zezakhamuzi.
Speaker notes
Gcizelela ubukhulu bayo. Ngenxa yokuthi amazwe anamandla aseYurophu ayebusa imibuso emikhulu, ukuxabana kwaseYurophu kwadonsa abantu base-Afrika, e-Asia, e-Australia nasemazweni aseMelika. Qaphela ukuthi iNingizimu Afrika yayiyingxenye yoMbuso WaseBrithani, ngakho isinqumo esasithathwe eLondon sasithinta abantu baseKapa naseGoli. Amanani abafileyo angukulinganisa - izazi-mlando zinikeza ububanzi. [SME] Qinisekisa ububanzi besamba sabafileyo obufuna ukuthi abafundi basisebenzise.
Izinkanuko ezine zesikhathi eside zakhula eYurophu iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kuka-1914.
Militarism (Ubusosha)
Amazwe akha amabutho amakhulu nemikhumbi yempi futhi ayeziqhenya ngamandla awo ezempi.
Alliances (Izivumelwano)
Izizwe zenza izithembiso zokuvikelana, ngakho ukulwa okukodwa kwakungadonsa amazwe amaningi.
Imperialism (Ubukoloni)
Amazwe anamandla aseYurophu ayeqhudelana ngokulawula amakoloni nemithombo emhlabeni wonke.
Nationalism (Ubuzwe)
Ukuziqhenya ngobuzwe okukhulu kwenza amazwe alangazelele ukuzibonakalisa futhi angafuni ukuhlehla.
Speaker notes
I-MAIN iyithuluzi lokukhumbula abafundi abangaligcina ukuze balisebenzise esivivinyweni. Chaza ngayinye ngesibonelo esilula: militarism = umqhudelwano wemikhumbi yempi phakathi kweBrithani neJalimane; alliances = amaqembu amabili aphikisanayo; imperialism = ukuncintiswa kwamakoloni ase-Afrika; nationalism = amaqembu afuna izizwe zawo. Gcizelela ukuthi lezi zazingokungezansi kuphela - impi yayisadinga isishumeko, esilandelayo.
Ukubulawa okukodwa kwaqalisa uketshezi lweziphithiphithi kuzo zonke izivumelwano zaseYurophu.
Ngomhla 28 June 1914, u-Archduke Franz Ferdinand, indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi base-Austria-Hungary, wabulawa eSarajevo ngu-Gavrilo Princip, insizwa engumBhosniya ongumSerb enobuzwe obuqinile. I-Austria-Hungary yasola iSerbia.
- I-Austria-Hungary yamemezela impi ngokumelene neSerbia.
- IRussia yasuka yavikela iSerbia; iJalimane laseka i-Austria-Hungary.
- Izivumelwano zadonsa iJalimane, iFrance kwase kuba yiBrithani emavikini ambalwa.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa isithombe sama-dominoes awayo ukuchaza 'uketshezi lweziphithiphithi' (chain reaction). Yenza kucace ukuthi ukubulawa kwakuyisishumeko, hhayi imbangela ejulile - izinkanuko ze-MAIN zenza isenzakalo esincane saqhuma saba yimpi enkulu. Gcina udlame lufanele iminyaka: sho iqiniso lokubulawa ngokusobala ngaphandle kwemininingwane ekhombisa udlame.
IYurophu yahlukana yaba amakamu amabili ahlomile, futhi amakoloni awo adonswa kanye nawo.
Speaker notes
Veza ukuthi iNingizimu Afrika yalwa ohlangothini lwama-Allies ngoba yayiyingxenye yoMbuso WaseBrithani. Khumbuza abafundi ukuthi i-Italy empeleni yaqala isesivumelwaneni neJalimane kodwa yajoyina ama-Allies ngo-1915 - isibonelo esihle sokuthi izivumelwano zazishintsha kanjani. Gcina uhla lulufushane; umqondo obalulekile 'amakamu amabili aphikisanayo adonsa abangani nemakoloni awo'.
Isikhathi esiningi sempi izinhlangothi ezimbili zazibhajwe zibhekene emiseleni emide.
EWestern Front eFrance naseBelgium, amasosha ambe imisele ejulile (trenches) ayivikela iminyaka. Indawo evulekile neyingozi phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili yayibizwa ngokuthi 'indawo yakho muntu' (no man's land). Alukho uhlangothi olwalungangena kalula, ngakho impi yaba ukubambana okude nokubulalayo.
- Amasosha ayephila nodaka, amagundane, izifo namakhaza emiseleni.
- Ukuhlasela endaweni engeyona eyamuntu kwakuvame ukubiza izinkulungwane zezimpilo ngenxa yendawo encane etholakalayo.
- Lolu hlobo lokulwa yilona olwenza amasosha amaningi afela eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala.
Speaker notes
Siza abafundi bacabange impilo yansuku zonke: amakhaza, ubumanzi, ukwesaba, ukudinwa isikhathi eside bese kuba nokwesabisa ngesikhathi sokuhlasela. Chaza ukubambana - ngezibhamu zomshini nocingo olunameva oluvikela umsele ngamunye, ukugijima endaweni engeyona eyamuntu kwakucishe kube ukuzibulala, ngakho iphambili alishintshanga iminyaka. Lokhu kuxhumana nokuthi kungani amanani abafileyo ayephezulu kangaka.
Imishini emisha yenza iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala ibulale kunanoma yiyiphi impi ngaphambili.
Izibhamu zomshini (Machine guns)
Zaziyakwazi ukudubula amakhulu ezinhlamvu ngomzuzu, okwenza ukuhlasela endaweni evulekile kubulale.
Igesi enoshevu (Poison gas)
Amafu ekhemikhali ayeklinya futhi enze amasosha aphuphutheke emiseleni.
Amathangi (Tanks)
Izimoto ezivikelekile ezakhelwe ukuwela imisele nocingo olunameva.
Izindiza nemikhumbingwena (Aircraft & submarines)
Izindiza zaziqapha futhi ziqhumise amabhomu; imikhumbingwena yayihlasela imikhumbi olwandle.
Speaker notes
Chaza ukuthi imboni nesayensi, ezaziyakwazi ukuthuthukisa impilo yansuku zonke, zaphendulelwa ekwenzeni impi ibulale kakhulu. Igesi enoshevu iyisihloko esibucayi - yethule ngokweqiniso njengesikhali esabangela ukuhlupheka okukhulu, okuyingxenye yesizathu sokuthi kamuva yavinjelwa ngesivumelwano samazwe omhlaba. Buza abafundi: ubuchwepheshe obusha bushintshe kanjani indlela izimpi ezazilwa ngayo?
Njengengxenye yoMbuso WaseBrithani, iNyunyana yaseNingizimu Afrika esencane yadonswa engxabanweni.
INyunyana yaseNingizimu Afrika (Union of South Africa) yayibe khona kusukela ngo-1910 kuphela. Lapho iBrithani ingena empini ngo-1914, iNyunyana yajoyina ohlangothini lwama-Allies. UNdunankulu uLouis Botha nephini lakhe uJan Smuts - bobabili ababengamajenene amaBhunu ngaphambili - bavuma ukulwela iBrithani nokuhlasela amakoloni aseJalimane aseduze e-Afrika.
- IBrithani yacela iNingizimu Afrika ukuba ihlasele iGerman South West Africa engumakhelwane.
- UBotha noSmuts bahola umzamo wempi waseNingizimu Afrika.
- Akubona bonke abantu baseNingizimu Afrika ababevumelana nokulwela iBrithani.
Speaker notes
Gqamisa ihlaya lokuthi uBotha noSmuts babelwe BEMELENE neBrithani eMpini YaseNingizimu Afrika (Anglo-Boer War) cishe eminyakeni eyishumi nje ngaphambili, manje base behola iNingizimu Afrika ukuba ILWELE iBrithani. Lokhu kusiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani amanye amaBhunu azizwa ekhashelwe - okumisa isilayidi esilandelayo sokuvukela kuka-1914. I-'German South West Africa' iyiNamibia yanamuhla.
Amanye amaBhunu ala ukulwela umbuso ayesanda kulwa nawo.
Amaningi amaBhunu ayesenezinkumbulo ezibuhlungu zeMpi YaseNingizimu Afrika (1899-1902) yokulwa neBrithani. Lapho uhulumeni elungiselela ukuhlasela iGerman South West Africa, amanye asukuma enza ukuvukela okuhlomile. Kwaholwa yizikhulu zamaBhunu njengamajenene uChristiaan de Wet noManie Maritz.
- UBotha noSmuts basebenzisa amabutho kahulumeni ukucindezela ukuvukela.
- Ukuvukela kwehlulwa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.
- UDe Wet watholwa kamuva enecala lokuvukela umbuso ngenxa yengxenye yakhe kukho.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa lokhu ukukhombisa ukuthi iNingizimu Afrika yayingahlangene ngemuva kwempi. Chaza 'ukuvukela' 'nokuvukela umbuso' (treason) ngamagama alula. Phatha ngobunono: lokhu kwakuyingxabano ebuhlungu phakathi kwabantu baseNingizimu Afrika ngokushesha emva kweMpi Yamabhunu. Iphuzu kubafundi ukuthi isinqumo sokulwela iBrithani sasiphikisana ekhaya. [SME] Qinisekisa uhla lwabaholi bokuvukela nezinsuku ngokumelene nomthombo we-SAHO ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa.
Ukulwa kwakungekho eYurophu kuphela - kwafinyelela kuyo yonke ineningizimu nempumalanga ye-Afrika.
Amabutho aseNingizimu Afrika ahlasela iGerman South West Africa (iNamibia yanamuhla), eyazinikela ngo-1915 yabekwa ngaphansi kokulawulwa yiNingizimu Afrika. USmuts wabe eseholela amabutho ama-Allies ngokumelene namabutho aseJalimane eGerman East Africa (eduze kweTanzania yanamuhla).
- Imikhankaso yase-Afrika yayithembele kakhulu emasoshaneni, ezinhloleni nakubasebenzi base-Afrika.
- Izifo namabanga amade enza le mikhankaso yaba nzima kakhulu.
- IGerman South West Africa yahlala ngaphansi kokubusa kweNingizimu Afrika amashumi eminyaka emva kwalokho.
Speaker notes
Gcizelela ukuthi i-Afrika ngokwayo yayiyinkundla yempi ngoba imibuso yaseYurophu yayinamakoloni lapha. Abantu base-Afrika benza okuningi kokuthwala, ukwakha nokulwa, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kokwaziswa. Lokhu kuxhuma impi yomhlaba wonke ngokuqondile nesifunda sethu. [SME] Qinisekisa ukulingana kwamagama ezindawo (German East Africa / Tanganyika / Tanzania) nezinsuku zomkhankaso.
Izinkulungwane zakhonza - nakuba izinqubomgomo zobandlululo zenqabela abaningi babo ilungelo lokuphatha izikhali.
ISouth African Native Labour Contingent (SANLC) yathumela amadoda amnyama aseNingizimu Afrika eFrance, kodwa ayengavunyelwe ukuphatha izikhali futhi ayesebenza njengabasebenzi ngemuva kwezindawo zempi. ICape Corps yavumela amasosha abaKhaladi ukuba akhonze, kubandakanya nase-East Africa naseMpumalanga Ephakathi.
Indaba ye-SS Mendi yaba uphawu oluhlala njalo lwesibindi sabantu abamnyama baseNingizimu Afrika empini. South African History Online
- NgoFebruary 1917 umkhumbi wamasosha i-SS Mendi wacwila oLwandle lwaseNgilandi (English Channel) emva kokushayisana.
- Amakhulu amalungu e-SANLC aminza kule nhlekelele.
- Umhlatshelo wabo ukhunjulwa namuhla, kubandakanya nangeMendi Decoration of Bravery.
Speaker notes
Lena indaba ebalulekile yaseNingizimu Afrika. Chaza ukungabi nabulungiswa: amadoda amnyama ayethunyelwe ukusiza kodwa enqatshelwa isithunzi sokuphatha izikhali ngenxa yezimo zobandlululo zaleso sikhathi. Xoxa indaba ye-SS Mendi ngenhlonipho - iyindawo yenkumbulo yesizwe. [SME] Qinisekisa amanani anembile (cishe abangama-21,000 be-SANLC bakhonza; abangaphezu kuka-600 bafela eMendi) nemininingwane yokushayisana ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa.
Impi edume kakhulu - futhi ebiza kakhulu - yaseNingizimu Afrika empini.
NgoJuly 1916, phakathi neMpi Enkulu YaseSomme (Battle of the Somme) eFrance, iSouth African Brigade yayalelwa ukuba ithumbe futhi ibambe ihlathi elincane elibizwa ngokuthi iDelville Wood. Balibamba ngaphansi kokuhlasela okunamandla izinsuku eziningana, kodwa balahlekelwa ngokwesabekayo.
- Kubantu abangaba ngu-3,000 baseNingizimu Afrika abangena, mbalwa kuphela amakhulu aphendula lapho kubizwa amagama emva kwalokho.
- IDelville Wood yaba uphawu lomhlatshelo waseNingizimu Afrika empini.
- Kamuva kwakhiwa isikhumbuzo eDelville Wood ukuhlonipha labo abafa.
Speaker notes
IDelville Wood ibalulekile endleleni iNingizimu Afrika ekhumbula ngayo iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Dlulisa ubukhulu bokulahlekelwa ngaphandle kokukhazimulisa impi - iningi le-brigade labulawa, lalimala noma lalahleka. Xhuma nanamuhla: isikhumbuzo saseDelville Wood nemikhosi yenkumbulo kuyayigcina le nkumbulo iphila. [SME] Qinisekisa inani labasindayo/labaphendula ekubizweni kwamagama ngomthombo we-SAHO.
- 1914 Ukubulawa eSarajevo; impi iyaqala; iNingizimu Afrika iyajoyina futhi Ukuvukela KwamaBhunu kuyaqubuka
- 1915 IGerman South West Africa izinikela emabuthweni aseNingizimu Afrika
- 1916 Impi YaseDelville Wood; umkhankaso wase-East Africa
- 1917 I-SS Mendi iyacwila; i-USA ijoyina ama-Allies
- 1918 I-Armistice ngomhla 11 November iqeda ukulwa
- 1919 Isivumelwano SaseVersailles siyasayinwa
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa lokhu ukuhlanganisa indaba ngaphambi kwemiphumela. Cela abafundi bahlonze izehlakalo zaseNingizimu Afrika (ukujoyina 1914, i-GSWA 1915, iDelville Wood 1916, iMendi 1917) ezihlala ngaphakathi kohlelo lwesikhathi lomhlaba wonke. Lokhu kuqinisa umqondo omkhulu wesifundo: impi yomhlaba wonke enomthelela omkhulu wasekhaya.
Ukulwa kwama ngo-1918, futhi isivumelwano sokuthula sango-1919 sabumba kabusha umhlaba.
Ukulwa kwaphela ngearmistice mhla 11 November 1918. Ngo-1919 iSivumelwano SaseVersailles (Treaty of Versailles) sasola iJalimane ngempi, sasiphoqa ukuba sikhokhe inhlawulo (reparations) enkulu futhi sithathe umthwalo, futhi sasiphuca amakoloni aso. Kwasungulwa iLeague of Nations entsha ukuze kuzanywe ukuvimbela izimpi ezizayo, futhi iNingizimu Afrika yanikwa ukulawula iSouth West Africa. Izazi-mlando eziningi zithi isivumelwano esinzima sasiza ukubangela intukuthelo yakamuva eyaholela eMpini Yezwe Yesibili.
Q. Chaza izimbangela zesikhathi eside ze-MAIN zeMpi Yezwe Yokuqala nokuthi ukubulawa eSarajevo kwayiqalisa kanjani impi. (6 marks)
Q. Chaza ukuthi ukulwa emiseleni kwakunjani futhi uchaze ukuthi kungani amasosha amaningi afa. (4 marks)
Q. Xoxa ngokuthi abantu abamnyama nabaKhaladi baseNingizimu Afrika babamba iqhaza kanjani empini, usebenzisa i-SANLC, iCape Corps noma i-SS Mendi njengesibonelo. (6 marks)
Speaker notes
Vala ngokuxhuma imbangela nomphumela: ukuphela kwempi kwadala ukuthula okwabonwa abaningi njengokungenabo ubulungiswa kwiJalimane, okwatshala imbewu yeMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Imibuzo emithathu ilingisa izitayela ze-CAPS - ukukhumbula okususelwa emithonjeni nokubhala okufushane okwandisiwe. Yisebenzise njengomsebenzi obhaliwe noma ingxoxo yekilasi. [SME] Qinisekisa ukuthi umbono wokuthi iVersailles 'yabangela' iMpi Yezwe Yesibili wethulwa njengokuchazwa okuphikiswayo, hhayi iqiniso elingqubuzekile, kuleli banga.
- Grade
- Grade 8
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- World War I (1914-1918)
- Resource type
- Presentation