Imfazwe yokuqala eyaliwa kulo lonke ihlabathi - kwaye indlela eyafikelela ngayo nzulu eMzantsi Afrika nakwelinye lonke iAfrika.
Speaker notes
Qala ngokubuza abafundi into abasele beyazi malunga neemfazwe zehlabathi ezimbini. Chaza ukuba esi sifundo sijonga iMfazwe Yehlabathi Yokuqala: kutheni yaqala, yayinjani imfazwe, kwaye - into ebalulekileyo kuthi - abantu baseMzantsi Afrika nabanye base-Afrika babandakanyeka njani kwimfazwe phakathi kwezikumkani zaseYurophu. Misela imisonto emine: izizathu, imfazwe yemisele (trench warfare), uMzantsi Afrika ne-Afrika, kunye nemiphumo.
Imfazwe eyaqala eYurophu ngo-1914 kodwa eyaliwa kumazwekazi amaninzi de kwaba ngu-1918.
IMfazwe Yehlabathi Yokuqala, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-First World War okanye 'iMfazwe Enkulu' (Great War), yaqhubeka ukususela nge-28 kaJulayi 1914 ukuya kwi-11 kaNovemba 1918. Yayiyimfazwe yokuqala ebandakanya amazwe amaninzi kangaka ngaxeshanye, kungoko ibizwa ngokuba yimfazwe yehlabathi.
- Yayiliwa ikakhulu eYurophu, kodwa nase-Afrika naseMbindi Mpuma (Middle East).
- Izigidi zamajoni zavela kumathanga ezikumkani zaseYurophu - kubandakanya uMzantsi Afrika.
- Malunga nezigidi ezisithoba ukuya kwezilishumi zamajoni zabulawa, kunye nezigidi zabantu abangengomajoni.
Speaker notes
Gxininisa ubungakanani. Ngenxa yokuba amazwe anamandla aseYurophu ayelawula izikumkani ezikhulu, ingxabano yaseYurophu yatsala abantu base-Afrika, e-Asia, e-Australia nakumazwe aseMelika. Qaphela ukuba uMzantsi Afrika wawuyinxalenye yoBukumkani baseBritane, ngoko isigqibo esenziwe eLondon sasichaphazela abantu eKapa naseRhawutini. Iinombolo zabantu ababulawayo ziqikelelo - ababhali-mbali banika uluhlu. [SME] Qinisekisa uluhlu lwenani labafileyo ofuna abafundi balusebenzise.
Kwakukho iingcinezelo ezine zexesha elide ezazakhiwe eYurophu kwiminyaka emininzi phambi ko-1914.
Ubukhosi bomkhosi (Militarism)
Amazwe akha imikhosi emikhulu neenqanawa zomkhosi kwaye ayeqhayisa ngamandla awo omkhosi.
Imanyano (Alliances)
Izizwe zenza izithembiso zokukhusela omnye komnye, ngoko ungquzulwano olunye lunokutsala amazwe amaninzi.
Ubukumkani (Imperialism)
Amazwe anamandla aseYurophu akhuphisana ukulawula amathanga nezixhobo emhlabeni jikelele.
Ubuzwe (Nationalism)
Iqhayiya elikhulu lobuzwe lenza amazwe alangazelela ukuzibonakalisa kwaye angafuni ukurhoxa.
Speaker notes
U-MAIN sisikhumbuzo abafundi abanokusigcina soviwo. Chaza ngasinye ngomzekelo olula: militarism = ukhuphiswano lweenqanawa phakathi kweBritane neJamani; alliances = amaqela amabini akhuphisanayo; imperialism = ukukhuphela amathanga ase-Afrika; nationalism = amaqela afuna amazwe awo. Gxininisa ukuba ezi yayiziingcinezelo ezingasemva - imfazwe yayisafuna into eyayibangela, elandelayo.
Ukubulawa okunye kwabangela uthotho lweziganeko kuyo yonke imanyano yaseYurophu.
Nge-28 kaJuni 1914, u-Archduke Franz Ferdinand, indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi base-Austria-Hungary, wabulawa eSarajevo ngu-Gavrilo Princip, umtsha ongumzwe waseBosnia ongumSerbia. I-Austria-Hungary yatyhola iSerbia.
- I-Austria-Hungary yavakalisa imfazwe kwiSerbia.
- IRashiya yasukela ukukhusela iSerbia; iJamani yaxhasa i-Austria-Hungary.
- Imanyano yatsala iJamani, iFransi, emva koko iBritane kwiiveki ezimbalwa.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa umfanekiso weedomino eziwayo ukuchaza 'uthotho lweziganeko'. Yenza kucace ukuba ukubulawa yayingumbani ovuthelayo, hayi isizathu esinzulu - iingcinezelo zika-MAIN zenza isiganeko esincinci saqhushumba saba yimfazwe enkulu. Gcina ubundlobongela bufanelekile kubudala: chaza inyani yokubulawa ngokucacileyo ngaphandle kweenkcukacha ezoyikisayo.
IYurophu yahlulahlulwa yaba ziinkampu ezimbini ezixhobileyo, namathanga azo atsalwa kunye nazo.
Speaker notes
Bonisa ukuba uMzantsi Afrika walwa kwicala lama-Allies ngenxa yokuba wawuyinxalenye yoBukumkani baseBritane. Khumbuza abafundi ukuba i-Italy yayiqale kwimanyano neJamani kodwa yajoyina ama-Allies ngo-1915 - umzekelo olungileyo wendlela imanyano eyayinokutshintsha ngayo. Gcina uluhlu lufutshane; ingcamango ephambili yile 'ziinkampu ezimbini ezikhuphisanayo apho nganye yatsala abahlobo bayo namathanga ayo'.
Ubuninzi bexesha lemfazwe amacala omabini ayebambekile ajongene kwimisele emide.
Kwi-Western Front eFransi naseBelgium, amajoni agrumba imisele enzulu awayikhusela iminyaka. Umhlaba ovulekileyo noyingozi phakathi kwamacala amabini wawubizwa ngokuba yi-'no man's land' (umhlaba ongenamnini). Alikho icala elalinokugqobhoza lula, ngoko imfazwe yaba luthotho olude, olubulalayo lokungabambani.
- Amajoni ayehlala nodaka, iimpuku, izifo nengqele emiseleni.
- Ukuhlasela kumhlaba ongenamnini kwakudla amawaka obomi ngenxa yomhlaba omncinci.
- Olu hlobo lokulwa kungoko amajoni amaninzi afa kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi Yokuqala.
Speaker notes
Nceda abafundi bacinge ngobomi bemihla ngemihla: ingqele, ukumanzi, ukoyika, ukudinwa kumaxesha amade emva koko ukwoyikisa ngethuba lokuhlasela. Chaza ukungabambani - ngeembumbulu ezisebenza ngokukhawuleza (machine guns) nocingo olunameva olukhusela umsele ngamnye, ukubaleka kumhlaba ongenamnini kwakusondele ekuzibulaleni, ngoko umgca awuzange usuke iminyaka. Oku kudibanisa nokuba kutheni amanani abafileyo ayephezulu kangaka.
Oomatshini abatsha benza iMfazwe Yehlabathi Yokuqala yabulala ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na imfazwe eyayikhona ngaphambili.
Iimbumbulu ezisebenza ngokukhawuleza (Machine guns)
Zazinokudubula amakhulu eembumbulu ngomzuzu, zenza ukuhlasela kumhlaba ovulekileyo kubulale.
Igesi enetyhefu (Poison gas)
Amafu eekhemikhali awayekrwitsha akwafihla amehlo amajoni emiseleni.
Iitanki (Tanks)
Izithuthi ezikhuselekileyo ezazakhelwe ukwela imisele nocingo olunameva.
Iinqwelo-moya nezikhephe-mkhathi (Aircraft & submarines)
Iinqwelo-moya zazikroba kwaye ziqhushumbise; izikhephe-mkhathi zazihlasela iinqanawa elwandle.
Speaker notes
Chaza ukuba ishishini nesayensi, ezazinokuphucula ubomi bemihla ngemihla, zaguqulelwa ekwenzeni imfazwe ibulale ngakumbi. Igesi enetyhefu ngumxholo obuthathaka - yibonise njengenyani njengesixhobo esabangela intlungu enkulu, eyayiyinxalenye yesizathu sokuba kamva yavalwa ngesivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe. Buza abafundi: ubuchwepheshe obutsha bayitshintsha njani indlela iimfazwe ezaziliwa ngayo?
Njengenxalenye yoBukumkani baseBritane, uManyano oluselula lwaseMzantsi Afrika lwatsalwa kungquzulwano.
U-Manyano lwaseMzantsi Afrika (Union of South Africa) lwalukho ukususela ngo-1910 kuphela. Xa iBritane yangena emfazweni ngo-1914, uManyano lwajoyina kwicala lama-Allies. INkulumbuso u-Louis Botha kunye nesekela lakhe u-Jan Smuts - bobabini abaphume kwiijenali zamaBhulu - bavuma ukulwela iBritane nokuhlasela amathanga aseJamani asondeleyo e-Afrika.
- IBritane yacela uMzantsi Afrika ukuba uhlasele iGerman South West Africa emelene nayo.
- UBotha noSmuts bakhokela umzamo wemfazwe waseMzantsi Afrika.
- Asingabo bonke abantu baseMzantsi Afrika abavumelana nokulwela iBritane.
Speaker notes
Gxininisa ukungahambelani kwentlekele yokuba uBotha noSmuts babelwe NGOKUCHASENE neBritane kwiMfazwe yaseMzantsi Afrika (Anglo-Boer War) malunga neshumi leminyaka ngaphambili, ngoku babekhokela uMzantsi Afrika ukulwela iBritane. Oku kunceda ukuchaza kutheni amanye amaBhulu aziva engcatshiwe - okumisela islayidi elilandelayo malunga novukelo luka-1914. 'German South West Africa' yiNamibia yanamhlanje.
Amanye amaBhulu ala ukulwela ubukumkani awayesandula kulwa nabo.
Amaninzi amaBhulu ayesenezikhumbuzo ezikrakra ze-Mfazwe yaseMzantsi Afrika (1899-1902) eyayilwa neBritane. Xa urhulumente elungiselela ukuhlasela iGerman South West Africa, amanye avuka ngo-vukelo oluxhobileyo. Lwakhokelwa ziingqonyela zamaBhulu ezinjengeejenali u-Christiaan de Wet noManie Maritz.
- UBotha noSmuts basebenzisa imikhosi karhulumente ukucima uvukelo.
- Uvukelo loyiswa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa.
- UDe Wet kamva wafunyanwa enetyala lokungcatsha ngenxa yendima yakhe kulo.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa oku ukubonisa ukuba uMzantsi Afrika wawungamanyananga ngasemva kwemfazwe. Chaza 'uvukelo' 'nokungcatsha' ngokulula. Phatha ngobunono: oku yayikukwahlukana okubuhlungu phakathi kwabantu baseMzantsi Afrika kungekudala emva kweMfazwe yamaBhulu neBritane (Anglo-Boer War). Ingongoma kubafundi kukuba isigqibo sokulwela iBritane sasiphikiswa ekhaya. [SME] Qinisekisa uluhlu lweenkokeli zovukelo nemihla ngokuchasene nomthombo weSAHO phambi kokuvelisa.
Ukulwa kwakungekho kuphela eYurophu - kwafikelela kuwo wonke umzantsi nempuma ye-Afrika.
Imikhosi yaseMzantsi Afrika yahlasela i-German South West Africa (i-Namibia yanamhlanje), eyanikezela ngo-1915 yaza yabekwa phantsi kolawulo lwaseMzantsi Afrika. USmuts emva koko wakhokela imikhosi yama-Allies ngokuchasene nemikhosi yaseJamani e-German East Africa (malunga neTanzania yanamhlanje).
- Amaphulo ase-Afrika axhomekeka kakhulu kumajoni, iintlola nabasebenzi base-Afrika.
- Izifo nemigama emide zenza la maphulo abe nzima kakhulu.
- IGerman South West Africa yahlala phantsi kolawulo lwaseMzantsi Afrika kumashumi eminyaka emva koko.
Speaker notes
Gxininisa ukuba i-Afrika ngokwayo yayilibala lemfazwe ngenxa yokuba izikumkani zaseYurophu zazinamathanga apha. Abantu base-Afrika benza ininzi yokuthwala, ukwakha nokulwa, ngokufuthi ngaphandle kokuqashelwa. Oku kudibanisa imfazwe yehlabathi ngokuthe ngqo nommandla wethu. [SME] Qinisekisa ubulingana bamagama eendawo (German East Africa / Tanganyika / Tanzania) nemihla yamaphulo.
Amawaka akhonza - nangona imigaqo-nkqubo yobuhlanga yabalela abaninzi babo ilungelo lokuphatha izixhobo.
I-South African Native Labour Contingent (SANLC) yathumela amadoda amnyama aseMzantsi Afrika eFransi, kodwa ayengavumelekanga ukuphatha izixhobo kwaye asebenza njengabasebenzi ngasemva kwemfazwe. I-Cape Corps yavumela amajoni abeBala ukuba akhonze, kubandakanya nase-East Africa nakuMbindi Mpuma (Middle East).
Ibali le-SS Mendi laba luphawu oluhlala luhleli lwesibindi sabantsundu baseMzantsi Afrika emfazweni. South African History Online
- NgoFebruwari 1917 inqanawa-mkhosi i-SS Mendi yatshona kwiSitrato saseNgilani (English Channel) emva kwengozi yokungqubana.
- Amakhulu amalungu e-SANLC arhaxwa kule ntlekele.
- Umnikelo wabo ukhunjulwa namhlanje, kubandakanya nangaseMbeko yoBugorha yeMendi (Mendi Decoration of Bravery).
Speaker notes
Eli libali eliphambili laseMzantsi Afrika. Chaza ukungabikho kobulungisa: amadoda amnyama athunyelwa ukuya kunceda kodwa abalelwa isidima sokuphatha izixhobo ngenxa yezimo zengqondo zobuhlanga zelo xesha. Balisa ibali le-SS Mendi ngentlonipho - yindawo yenkumbulo yesizwe. [SME] Qinisekisa amanani achanekileyo (malunga nama-21,000 e-SANLC akhonza; ngaphezu kwama-600 afa kwiMendi) neenkcukacha zokungqubana phambi kokuvelisa.
Idabi elidume kakhulu laseMzantsi Afrika - nelibiza kakhulu - emfazweni.
NgoJulayi 1916, ngexesha le-Dabi elikhulu laseSomme eFransi, i-Brigade yaseMzantsi Afrika (South African Brigade) yayalelwa ukuba ithimbe kwaye ibambe ihlathi elincinci elibizwa ngokuba yi-Delville Wood. Balibamba phantsi kohlaselo olukhulu iintsuku ezininzi, kodwa bafumana ilahleko emasikizi.
- Kubantu baseMzantsi Afrika abamalunga nama-3,000 abangena, ngamakhulu ambalwa kuphela aphendula kwikroli emva koko.
- IDelville Wood yaba luphawu lomnikelo waseMzantsi Afrika emfazweni.
- Isikhumbuzo sakhiwa kamva eDelville Wood ukubeka imbeko kwabo bafayo.
Speaker notes
IDelville Wood iphambili kwindlela uMzantsi Afrika okhumbula ngayo iMfazwe Yehlabathi Yokuqala. Dlulisa ubungakanani belahleko ngaphandle kokuzukisa imfazwe - ininzi yebrigade yabulawa, yenzakala okanye yalahleka. Dibanisa nanamhlanje: isikhumbuzo saseDelville Wood nezikhumbuzo zigcina le nkumbulo iphila. [SME] Qinisekisa inani labasindileyo/lekroli ngomthombo weSAHO.
- 1914 Ukubulawa eSarajevo; imfazwe iyaqala; uMzantsi Afrika uyajoyina kwaye uVukelo lwamaBhulu luyaqhambuka
- 1915 IGerman South West Africa inikezela kwimikhosi yaseMzantsi Afrika
- 1916 IDabi laseDelville Wood; iphulo lase-East Africa
- 1917 I-SS Mendi iyatshona; i-USA iyajoyina ama-Allies
- 1918 Isivumelwano sokumisa imfazwe (Armistice) nge-11 kaNovemba siphelisa ukulwa
- 1919 Isivumelwano saseVersailles siyasayinwa
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa oku ukudibanisa ibali phambi kwemiphumo. Cela abafundi bafumane iziganeko zaseMzantsi Afrika (ukujoyina 1914, GSWA 1915, Delville Wood 1916, Mendi 1917) ezihleli ngaphakathi komgca-xesha wehlabathi. Oku kuqinisekisa ingcamango ephambili yesifundo: imfazwe yehlabathi enefuthe eliqinileyo lasekhaya.
Ukulwa kwaphela ngo-1918, kwaye isivumelwano soxolo sango-1919 satshintsha ihlabathi.
Ukulwa kwaphela ngesi-vumelwano sokumisa imfazwe (armistice) nge-11 kaNovemba 1918. Ngo-1919 i-Sivumelwano saseVersailles satyhola iJamani ngemfazwe, sayinyanzela ukuba ihlawule i-mbuyekezo enkulu kwaye ithathe uxanduva, saza sayihlutha amathanga ayo. I-League of Nations entsha yasekwa ukuzama ukuthintela iimfazwe zexesha elizayo, kwaye uMzantsi Afrika wanikwa ulawulo lwe-South West Africa. Ababhali-mbali abaninzi baxoxa ukuba isivumelwano esirhabaxa sanceda ukubangela umsindo wamva owakhokelela kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi Yesibini.
Q. Chaza izizathu zexesha elide ezingu-MAIN zeMfazwe Yehlabathi Yokuqala nendlela ukubulawa eSarajevo okwabangela ngayo imfazwe. (6 marks)
Q. Chaza ukuba yayinjani imfazwe yemisele (trench warfare) kwaye ucacise kutheni amajoni amaninzi afa. (4 marks)
Q. Xoxa ngendlela abantsundu nabeBala baseMzantsi Afrika abathabatha inxaxheba ngayo emfazweni, usebenzisa i-SANLC, i-Cape Corps okanye i-SS Mendi njengomzekelo. (6 marks)
Speaker notes
Vala ngokudibanisa isizathu nomphumo: ukuphela kwemfazwe kwadala uxolo abaninzi abaluva lungekho lungisa kwiJamani, kutyalwa imbewu yeMfazwe Yehlabathi Yesibini. Le mibuzo mithathu ilinganisa iindlela zeCAPS - ukukhumbula okusekelwe kumthombo kunye nokubhala okufutshane okwandisiweyo. Yisebenzise njengomsebenzi obhaliweyo okanye ingxoxo yeklasi. [SME] Qinisekisa ukuba isicwangciso sokuba iVersailles 'yabangela' iWWII siboniswa njengotoliko oluphikiswayo, hayi njengenyani emiselweyo, kweli banga.
- Grade
- Grade 8
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- World War I (1914-1918)
- Resource type
- Presentation