Indlela ukwandiswa kwamaBrithani namaBhulu, iGreat Trek nepi yemngcele okwatjhugulula ngayo iSewula ye-Afrika - kwaphuca abantu bayo be-Afrika umhlaba wabo.
Speaker notes
Beka isahluko esizingeni le-FET: lo akusiyo indaba yeenqola ezithutha kwaphela kodwa yombango ngomhlaba namandla. Misa iindlela ezintathu ezihlanganeko - (1) iintjhugululo zamaBrithani eKoloni yaseKapa, (2) impendulo yamaBhulu neGreat Trek, kanye (3) iimpi zemngcele lapho imiphakathi yama-Afrika yalahlekelwa khona umhlaba nokuzimela. Gcizelela bona iimehlakalo ezifanako zibonakala zihluke khulu kuya ngokobana sithatha umbono kabani.
Ngo-1750 isifunda besele siyikhaya lemiphakathi eminengi esele imisiwe neyahlukeneko - bekungasinarha eyihlazekile.
Ngaphambi kokwandiswa kwekoloni okukhulu, iSewula ye-Afrika beyihlaliswe abantu abanengi. Abelusi bama-Khoikhoi neenzingeli neabaqoqi bokudla bama-San bebahlala kizo zoke iindawo zangaphakathi zeKapa, kukanti iimbuso enamandla yabantu abakhuluma i-siNtu (Bantu) - phakathi kwabo ama-Xhosa, ama-Zulu, ama-Sotho nama-Tswana - bebalima, bafuya iinkomo, barhweba embikweni wesigodi sepumalanga sesifunda.
- I-Dutch East India Company (VOC) beyibusa ikoloni encani eduze kweKapa, eyayisebenza khulu ngabantu abagqilaziweko.
- Iinkomo, umhlaba nokulawula iindlela zerhwebo bekuyimithombo eqakathekileko yomnotho namandla.
- Imiphakathi yama-Afrika beyinemithetho yayo, amabutho neenqubo zokubusa - bebangasibabukeli abangenzi litho.
Speaker notes
Qalisana ngokunqophileko nendaba yamanga yekoloni ethi 'inarha eyihlazekileko' eyasetjenziswa ngemva ukuzimelela ukuphuca abantu umhlaba. Gcizelela ubunengi bezinto nokuzenzela: le bekuyimibuso ehleliweko enezakhiwo eziqinileko zamabutho nezepolitiki. Le sisekelo siqakathekile, ngombana koke okulandelako kumbango womhlaba neenkomo zemiphakathi ebeyisele ilapha.
Phakathi kwaka-1795 no-1806 iKapa yasuka eVOC yaya eBrithani - iimfuneko zamaBrithani bezihlukile.
IBrithani yathoma ukuthatha iKapa ngo-1795 yathatha ukulawula okuqinileko ngo-1806, yayigcina ngemva kweempi zakaNapoleon. KuBrithani iKapa beyiyindawo eqakathekileko yamabutho olwandle (naval station) endleleni yolwandle eya e-India, kodwa ukubusa kwamaBrithani masinyana kwathoma ukutjhugulula umthetho, umsebenzi nomhlaba ngaphakathi kwekoloni.
- Abalawuli bamaBrithani bebafuna ikoloni ehleleke khulu, ekhokhisa imali yerhulumende neebusekako.
- IsiNgisi besikhuthazwa emakhotho, ezikolweni nakurhulumende (ukwenza kube ne-anglicisation).
- Le iintjhugululo yakhathaza iimbuso ebeziphuma emaDatjhini, ebeziza kubizwa ngokuthi amaBhulu (Boers) noma ama-Afrikaner.
Speaker notes
Chaza ukuthi kubaluleke ngani utjhentjho lwabalawuli: iVOC beyiyinkampani yerhwebo; iBrithani beyimbuso wephasi loke onezinjongo zeentjhugululo nezamabutho. Ukwenza kube ne-anglicisation neentjhugululo zokulawula kwabanga ukungezwani neembusi ezikhuluma isiDatjhi. Lokhu kungezwani kungenye yemisuka yeGreat Trek ezokufundwa masinyana.
Phakathi kwaka-1820 no-1834 iBrithani yatjhugulula bona ngubani ongaba nabasebenzi, ngubani onamalungelo, nokuthi ngubani ongahlala emngceleni.
Abahlali baka-1820
IBrithani yahlalisa iinkulungwana zabafuduki bamaBrithani emngceleni wepumalanga njengesivikelo sabantu sokuvimbela amaXhosa, kwandisa umbango ngomhlaba.
Ordinance 50 (1828)
Yasusa imikhawulo yamaphasi (pass) kuma-Khoikhoi nakubantu abanzima abakhululekileko, yabanikela ukulingana emthethweni okwacunula amaBhulu amanengi.
Ukuqedwa kobugqila (1834)
Ubugqila baqedwa kiwo woke umbuso wamaBrithani; abanikazi bamagqila abamaBhulu bazizwa isinxephezelo sincani begodu sikhokhelwa eLondon ekude.
Speaker notes
Le iintjhugululo ezintathu zizizatho ezijayelekileko 'zokusukela' ngemuva kweGreat Trek. Zihlathulule ngokuhlaziya: iinkhalazo zamaBhulu bezimayelana nomnotho (ukulahlekelwa basebenzi abagqilaziweko nomhlaba) begodu bezimayelana nesikhundla nokulawula abantu bama-Afrika nama-Khoikhoi. Qaphela bona iintjhugululo ezaqhutjhwa zizinjongo zesirhawu nezombuso zamaBrithani, kuma-Khoikhoi nakwabagqilaziweko, beziba nemiphumela ekhulula ngokwamambala - umbono uqakathekile.
Kusukela ngo-1835 amaqhembu wamaBhulu - amaVoortrekker - asuka eKoloni yaseKapa afuna umhlaba nokuzimela ngaphandle kokubuswa mamaBrithani.
IGreat Trek (1835-1846) beyimifuduko ehleliweko yabalimi abakhuluma isiDatjhi abasuka epumalanga yeKapa. Emhlolisweni wakhe waka-1837, umrholi weVoortrekker uPiet Retief wadwebulula iinkhalazo ezihlanganisa ukulahlekelwa basebenzi abagqilaziweko, ukungavikeleki emngceleni, nokungenelela kweenkhulu zamaBrithani neenthunywa zevangeli.
- Izizatho zokusukela: i-anglicisation, ukuphela kobugqila, i-Ordinance 50, ukutlhayela komhlaba nepi yemngcele.
- Izizatho zokutshwaya: isithembiso somhlaba wokudlisa wamahla nokuzibusa ngaphakathi enarheni.
- Abarholi bahlanganisa uRetief, u-Gert Maritz, u-Andries Pretorius no-Andries Hendrik Potgieter.
Speaker notes
Hlukanisa kuhle izizatho zokusukela nezokutshwaya - le yindlela ejayelekileko yemihlolo ye-CAPS. Funda iinkhalazo zomhloliso kaRetief ngokuhlaziya kude: zibonakalisa lokho amaVoortrekker abekufuna (umhlaba nokulawula abasebenzi ngaphandle kokubandezelwa mamaBrithani). Balekela ukwethula iGreat Trek njengekghwatho lobuqhawe; beyiyimpendulo yeqembu elilodwa elilahlekelwa amalungelo, enemiphumela emikhulu emiphakathini yama-Afrika endleleni yayo.
Amaqhembu wamaVoortrekker ahamba aya etlhagwini nepumalanga enarheni ebeyihlaliswe ngimiphakathi yama-Afrika.
Abatreki bawela u-Mlambo weGariep (Orange River) basakazeka phezu kwe-highveld nangokuya e-Natal. Abazange baye enarheni engenamuntu: bangena eendaweni zama-Ndebele ngaphasi kukaMzilikazi, ama-Zulu ngaphasi kukaDingane, neembuso yamaSotho-Tswana, okwenza ukungezwani kwaba yinto engabalekwako.
- Iqembu likaPotgieter lalwa nama-Ndebele, labehlula eVegkop (1836) naseMosega (1837).
- Iqembu likaRetief lawela iDrakensberg langena e-Natal lifuna umhlaba ekosini yamaZulu uDingane.
- Umfuduko wasakaza amabango omhlaba anjengekoloni ngaphakathi khulu enarheni.
Speaker notes
Qinisa umnqophiso wamabango omhlaba ahlangeneko. Iindlela zetreki zathwala abatreki bebangena ngokunqophileko emibusweni enamandla, ngalokho iimpi ezilandelako bezingasi ziinnzuzo kodwa umphumela obonakalako wokungenisa amaqhembu wabahlali ahlomileko enarheni ehlaliweko. Gcina iimbuso yama-Afrika phambili, ingasi kwaphela njengeenqabo zetreki.
Isivumelwano somhlaba nekosi yamaZulu saphetha ngokubulawa kweqembu likaRetief.
UPiet Retief waxoxisana nekosi yamaZulu u-Dingane ngomhlaba eNatal. Ngemva kokuba isivumelwano kuthiwa satlolwa, uDingane wabulala uRetief namadoda wakhe ekomkhulu lakhe, e-uMgungundlovu, ngoFebruwari 1838, amabutho wamaZulu ahlasela iinkambu zabatreki. Ngokombono wamaZulu, abafiki abahlomileko ababanga umhlaba wamaZulu bebasongela ngokunqophileko ukuphila kombuso.
- Zombili iinhlangothi zazingathembani ngeenjongo zomhlaba neenkomo.
- Ukubulawa nokuhlaselwa kwenza amaVoortrekker alungiselela idabi elikhulu.
- Lokhu kwabeka isimo se-Battle of Blood River ngokuhamba kwaka-1838.
Speaker notes
Yethula iindlela zokuhlathulula ezimbangako kunokutjho isigebengu sinye: iindaba zeVoortrekker zigcizelela ukukhohliswa, kanti ngokombono kaDingane abatreki bebayingozi kwezamabutho ekuzimeleni kwamaZulu, njengombana bebanjalo nakuma-Ndebele. Khuthaza abafundi ukulinganisa isizatho nobufakazi. Qaphela bona eminye imininingwana yesivumelwano iphikiswana ngayo emlandweni.
Ilaager yamaVoortrekker yehlula ibutho elikhulu lamaZulu - idabi elisaphikiswana ngalo ekukhumbuleni namhlanjesi.
Ngo-16 Disemba 1838 malungana nabaVoortrekker aba-470 ngaphasi kuka-Andries Pretorius, bavikela i-laager (isirhingi seenqola) ngeenkghali (muskets) namakhanuni, behlula ibutho lamaZulu elikhulu khulu eduze koMlambo iNcome. Ukufa kwamaZulu bekukukhulu khulu kanti ukulahlekelwa kwabatreki bekukuncani, umlambo kwathiwa waba bomvu - okwanikela idabi igamalo. [SME: qinisekisa iinombolo zabafileko.]
- Abatreki benza isifungo sekolo ngaphambi kwedabi, esaphawulwa ngemva njengeLanga leSifungo (Day of the Vow).
- Ukuphumelela kwavula iNatal bona kuhlale amaVoortrekker begodu kwaphelisa amandla kaDingane.
- Namhlanjesi indawo ikhunjulwa ngeendlela ezimbili - njenge-Blood River nanjenge-Ncome - okubonakala eLangeni loBuyisano (Day of Reconciliation).
Speaker notes
Phatha idabi eli elizwelako ngokutjhejisisa. Chaza isizatho samabutho somphumela: iinkghali zomlilo namakhanuni ngemva kwelaager evikelekileko malungana namabutho abahlome khulu ngemikhonto. Cabanga ngokukhumbula ngokunqophileko - iimehlakalo sifana sikhunjulwa yimiphakathi ehlukeneko ngeendlela ezihluke khulu, esele igoqelwe eLangeni loBuyisano (16 Disemba). Lesi sikhathi esihle sokucabanga ukuthi umlando ukhunjulwa njani, kungasi kwaphela ukuthi kwenzekani. Iinombolo zabafileko ziyahluka phakathi kwemithombo; qinisekisa ngaphambi kokufundisa iinombolo eziqinisekileko.
Emngceleni wepumalanga yeKapa, iimbusi neamaXhosa balwa iimpi ezinengi ezilandelanako ngomhlaba neenkomo.
Ngaphandle kweGreat Trek, i-Koloni yaseKapa yalwa iimpi ezilandelanako nama-Xhosa emngceleni wepumalanga - ngesinye isikhathi ezibizwa ngokuthi ziimpi zemngcele (Frontier Wars) noma i-Wars of Dispossession (1779-1878). Ipi ngepi, ikoloni yasunduzela umngcele ngokuya epumalanga yathatha umhlaba wamaXhosa, iinkomo nokuzimela.
- Ukulawula umhlaba wokudlisa nokweba iinkomo eenhlangothini zombili kwaqhuba ukungezwani okuphindaphindiweko.
- AmaBrithani asebenzisa iinqaba, abahlali namabutho ukubamba nokwandisa umngcele.
- Ngo-1878 ukwaphuka kokuvikela kwamaXhosa nomhlaba wawo wamukelwa ekolonini.
Speaker notes
Iimpi zemngcele kulula ukuzilibala eduze kweGreat Trek edumileko, kodwa ziqakathekile emutjhweni we-CAPS wokuphucwa komhlaba. Gcizelela iphetheni kunokuba yipi ngayinye: ngokuhlanganeko umngcele wakhamba ngepumalanga amaXhosa alahlekelwa umhlaba nobukhosi bawo. IGrahamstown/Makhanda yakhula njengesikhungo samabutho nesabahlali sekoloni emngceleni lo.
Ukuphazamiseka kwezepolitiki phakathi kwemiphakathi yama-Afrika kwahlangana nokwandiswa kwekoloni - kanti izizatho zakho ziyaphikiswana.
Esikhathini esifanako, i-Mfecane (Difaqane) yabona iimpi, imifuduko nokuvela nokuwa kwemibuso enarheni engaphakathi, okuhlobene nokukhula kombuso wama-Zulu ngaphasi kukaShaka nombango womhlaba nerhwebo. Iindaba zakadeni bezisola amaZulu wodwa; abalandi bomlando abanengi namhlanjesi baphikisa bona iimbandezelo ezinjengerhwebo, isomiso nesidingo sabasebenzi neenkomo - ezinye ezihlotjaniswa nokwandiswa kwekoloni - nazo zaba nendima. [SME: umlando weMfecane uyaphikiswana.]
- Ukuphazamiseka kwatjhugulula lapho imiphakathi yama-Afrika beyihlala khona nokuthi beyinamandla angangani.
- Iimbusi ngesinye isikhathi zabanga ngokungakalungi bona lokhu kwatjhiya umhlaba 'oyihlazekileko' ovulelekileko wokuthathwa.
- Ngeqiniso, umhlaba owatjhiywa yipi bewusabangwa begodu ukhunjulwa babantu bama-Afrika.
Speaker notes
Lesi sihloko esiphikiswana ngokwamambala - siphathe njengomlando wokuhlathulula, ikghono elifaneleke ku-FET. Yelelisa abafundi malungana nendaba yamanga yakadeni ethi 'inarha eyihlazekileko' eyasebenzisa iMfecane ukuzimelela amabango omhlaba wamaBhulu. Yethula ukutjhentjha kusuka esizathwini sinye (uShaka) ukuya esihlathululweni esinezizatho ezinengi esihlanganisa iimbandezelo zekoloni nezomnotho. Khuthaza abafundi bona babone bona abalandi bomlando batjhugulula iindlela zokuhlathulula njengombana ubufakazi nemibono kutjhentjha.
Kusuka etrekini neempi zayo kwaqhamuka iimbuso ebuswa mamaBhulu enarheni engaphakathi.
AmaVoortrekker asungula iimbuso yawo. Iriphabhliki yawo e-Natal (Natalia) yathathwa yiBrithani ngo-1843, kodwa ngaphakathi enarheni amaBhulu asungula i-Orange Free State ne-South African Republic (Transvaal), okwathi ukuzimela kwazo iBrithani yakwamukela emihlanganweni yeSand River (1852) neyeBloemfontein (1854).
- Le iimriphabhliki yakhiwa phezu komhlaba owathathwa emiphakathini yama-Afrika.
- Zaphika amalungelo wezepolitiki kubantu bama-Afrika, ama-Khoikhoi nabantu abaziKhaladi (Coloured).
- IBrithani neemriphabhliki zamaBhulu bezizokulwa ngemva ngokulawula inarha engaphakathi.
Speaker notes
Xhumanisa lo isilayidi phambili neSihloko 6 (i-South African War ne-Union): iimriphabhliki ezakhiwe lapha ziimbuso iBrithani ezizokulwa nazo ngo-1899-1902. Gcizelela bona le beziyimbuso yekoloni yabahlali eyayakhelwe phezu kokuphucwa komhlaba nokubandlulula ngokobuhlanga, ngalokho ukusungulwa kwazo kuyingxenye yendaba yokuphucwa komhlaba, ingasi eyahlukeneko.
Umphumela oqakathekileko wokwandiswa kwekoloni ngemva kwaka-1750 bekukulahlekelwa komhlaba nokuzimela kwabantu bama-Afrika.
Emngceleni nangaphakathi enarheni, ukwandiswa kwekoloni kwadlulisela umhlaba, iinkomo namandla kusuka emiphakathini yama-Afrika kuya kiimbusi. Iimbuso yama-Afrika yalahlekelwa ubukhosi, abalimi basunduzelwa eendaweni ezincani nezimbi, abanengi badoswa ekusebenzeleni iimbusi - iimaphetheni ezaqiniswa ngemva ngemithetho enjenge-1913 Natives Land Act.
- Umhlaba bewuyisisetjenziswa esiqakathekileko - ukulahleka kwawo kwabumba ukuphila kwama-Afrika izizukulwana ngezizukulwana.
- Ukuphucwa komhlaba kwadala ukungalingani okujulileko nokuhlala isikhathi eside eSewula Afrika.
- Le iimehlakalo zelikhulu leminyaka le-19 zimisuka yeemphikiswano ngomhlaba eziqhubekako namhlanjesi.
Speaker notes
Khuphukela esithombeni esikhulu ne-'so what'. Yenza umudwa ophelele ucacile: iimpi zemngcele netreki azange kwaphela kutjhentjhe imingcele, kodwa kwakha isakhiwo sokuphucwa komhlaba esakhuliswa ngemva mmithetho ye-apartheid. Lokhu kuxhumanisa isahluko nesikhathi sabafundi samanje - umbuzo womhlaba oqhubekako - okuyikho ncamashi ukuxhumana kokuhlaziya okufunwa mumLando we-FET.
- 1806 IBrithani ithatha ukulawula okuqinileko kweKapa
- 1820 Abahlali bamaBrithani baka-1820 babekwa emngceleni wepumalanga
- 1828 I-Ordinance 50 ikhulula ama-Khoikhoi emithethweni yamaphasi
- 1834 Ubugqila baqedwa embusweni wamaBrithani
- 1835 IGreat Trek iyathoma
- 1838 URetief uyabulawa; i-Battle of Blood River (Ncome)
- 1852-1854 Iimriphabhliki zamaBhulu ziyamukelwa (Transvaal, Orange Free State)
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa lokhu ukuqinisa isizatho nomphumela ngaphambi kokubuyekeza. Cela abafundi bahlukanise imihla ibe zizizatho (1820, 1828, 1834), itreki ngokwayo (1835), ukungezwani (1838) nemiphumela (1852-1854). Isakhiwo lesi sifana nendlela imibuzo yemthombo ye-CAPS neye-isihloko ehleleke ngayo.
Ukwandiswa, ukuvikela nokuphucwa komhlaba okubonwa ngombono ongaphezu koyodwa.
Iintjhugululo zamaBrithani eKapa zasiza ekusunduzeleni amaBhulu ngaphakathi enarheni; iGreat Trek neempi zemngcele zathwala amandla wekoloni ngaphakathi; kanti imiphakathi yama-Afrika - amaXhosa, amaZulu, ama-Ndebele, amaSotho nama-Tswana - yavikela kodwa yaphucwa umhlaba nokuzimela. Ukufunda iimehlakalo lezi ngeembono ehlukeneko likghono eliqakathekileko lomLando we-FET.
Q. Hlathulula bona iintjhugululo zamaBrithani eKapa (Abahlali baka-1820, i-Ordinance 50 nokuqedwa kobugqila) zabek'ela njani eGreat Trek. (8 marks)
Q. Usebenzisa i-Battle of Blood River (Ncome), hlathulula bona iimehlakalo yomlando efanako ingazwisiswa ngendlela ehlukileko kuya ngombono. (6 marks)
Q. Ngezinga elingangani ukuphucwa komhlaba bekungumphumela oqakathekileko wokwandiswa kwekoloni eSewula Afrika ngemva kwaka-1750? Sekela ipendulo yakho ngobufakazi. (10 marks)
Speaker notes
Phetha ngokubuyela eendlelweni ezintathu zesilayidi 1 nomutjho wombono. Imibuzo emithathu ikhuphuka ngokufuneka kokucabanga - hlathulula, madanisa iimbono, bese uphikisa isahlulelo sezinga - okuhambisana nokulindeleke kwe-CAPS kwemibuzo esekelwe emthonjeni neyokutlola okwandisiweko. IQ3 isebenza kuhle njengomsebenzi wokuhlela isihloko. Khumbuza abafundi bona isahluko lesi silungiselela iSihloko 6: i-South African War nokwakhiwa kwe-Union of South Africa.
- Grade
- Grade 10
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- Colonial expansion after 1750
- Resource type
- Presentation