Intando Yeningi Nobuzwe eNingizimu Afrika
Indlela iNingizimu Afrika eyaba ngayo izwe lapho wonke umuntu omdala engavota khona, nokuthi kusho ukuthini ukuba yisakhamuzi esihle.
Speaker notes
Qala ngokubuza abafundi ukuthi bacabanga ukuthi leli gama elithi 'intando yeningi' lisho ukuthini. Bhala imibono yabo ebhodini. Chaza ukuthi isifundo sanamuhla sixoxa indaba yendlela iNingizimu Afrika eyaba ngayo intando yeningi ngonyaka we-1994, nokuthi izakhamuzi zinamaphi amalungelo nezibopho. Gcina isimo sithembisa - le yindaba yabantu abanqoba ilungelo lokuphathwa ngokulinganayo.
Iyini intando yeningi?
Intando yeningi yizwe lapho abantu bekhetha khona abaholi babo.
Igama elithi intando yeningi (democracy) livela emagameni amabili amadala esiGreki asho ukuthi 'ukubusa kwabantu'. Entandweni yeningi, abantu abadala bayavota (ukuvota) ukukhetha abaholi abenza imithetho futhi baphathe izwe.
- Sonke isakhamuzi esidala sithola ivoti elilodwa, futhi wonke amavoti abalwa ngokulinganayo.
- Abaholi bakhethwa abantu, abazalwa nje sebengabaholi.
- Uma abantu bengathokozi, bangavotela abaholi abehlukene ngesikhathi esizayo.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa isibonelo esilula sasekilasini: uma ikilasi belifanele likhethe umdlalo ozodlalwa bese wonke umuntu ephakamisa isandla ukuvota, lokho kuyintando yeningi eyenzekayo. Yiqhathanise nokuthi umuntu oyedwa anqumele wonke umuntu. Gcizelela umqondo wobulungiswa ne-'umuntu oyedwa, ivoti elilodwa' ngoba lokhu kuba semqoka kamuva esifundweni.
Lapho abantu abaningi babengavumelekile ukuvota
Iminyaka eminingi, imithetho engenabulungiswa yayivimba abaningi baseNingizimu Afrika ukuba bangavoti.
Esikhathini esidlule, iNingizimu Afrika yayinohlelo olwalubizwa ngokuthi ubandlululo (apartheid), igama lesiBhunu elisho ukuthi 'ukwehlukaniswa'. Ngaphansi kobandlululo, umthetho wawuhlukanisa abantu ngokombala wesikhumba sabo futhi ubaphathe ngokungalingani.
- Bekuvunyelwe abamhlophe kuphela baseNingizimu Afrika ukuvotela uhulumeni.
- Abantu abamnyama, abeBala nabamaNdiya babenelizwi elincane noma bengenalo nhlobo emithethweni eyayibusa izimpilo zabo.
- Abantu abaningi abanesibindi babhikisha iminyaka ukuze banqobele wonke umuntu amalungelo alinganayo.
Speaker notes
Kuphathe ngomusa nangeqiniso. Umyalezo weBanga 6 uwukuthi umthetho wake waphatha abantu ngokungenabulungiswa ngenxa yombala wesikhumba sabo, nokuthi lokho kwakungalungile. Qinisekisa abafundi ukuthi abantu basebenza kanzima nangokuthula ukuwushintsha. Gwema imininingwane ecacile; gcina ukugxila ebulungisweni nasilungelweni lokuzwakala. Xhumanisa noMqulu Wamalungelo kamuva, owabhalwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu akuphindi kwenzeke futhi.
Abaholi bahlala phansi ukuze bakhulume
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990, abaholi baseNingizimu Afrika bahlangana ukuze bahlele izwe elinobulungiswa nentando yeningi.
Abaholi abavela emaqenjini amaningi bahlangana emihlanganweni eyaziwa ngokuthi CODESA (i-Convention for a Democratic South Africa). Esikhundleni sokulwa, bakhuluma ngendlela yokwabelana ngamandla nokubamba ukhetho olunobulungiswa kubo bonke abaseNingizimu Afrika.
- UNelson Mandela wayekhululwe ejele ngonyaka we-1990 emva kweminyaka engama-27.
- Abaholi bavumelana ukuthi wonke umuntu oneminyaka eyi-18 nangaphezulu kufanele avunyelwe ukuvota.
- Bahlela ukhetho lokuqala lwentando yeningi ezweni.
Speaker notes
Gcizelela amandla engxoxo: iNingizimu Afrika yagwema impi enkulu ngoba abaholi bakhetha ukuxoxisana. Bala uNelson Mandela no-F.W. de Klerk njengabanye babantu ababalulekile, futhi uphawule ukuthi kamuva babelana ngeNobel Peace Prize. Kugcine kulula - umqondo osemqoka uwukuthi ukukhuluma nokuyekethisa kwakha intando yeningi entsha.
Ukhetho lokuqala lwentando yeningi
Ngomhlaka-27 Ephreli 1994, abantu baseNingizimu Afrika bazo zonke izinhlanga bavota ndawonye okokuqala ngqa.
Ngomhlaka-27 Ephreli 1994, izigidi zabantu zama emigqeni emide, zibekezela ukuze zivote. Kubantu abamnyama abaningi baseNingizimu Afrika, kwakungokokuqala ngqa bevunyelwa ukukhetha uhulumeni wabo.
- I-African National Congress (ANC) yawina ukhetho.
- UNelson Mandela waba nguMongameli wokuqala waseNingizimu Afrika okhethwe ngentando yeningi ngomhlaka-10 Meyi 1994.
- U-27 Ephreli manje uwusuku lomatasa oluphumule olubizwa ngokuthi uSuku Lwenkululeko (Freedom Day).
Speaker notes
Le yinhliziyo yesifundo. Dweba isithombe semigqa emide - abanye abantu balinda amahora amaningi futhi bejabule ukuvota ekugcineni. Chaza ukuthi uMandela wayeboshiwe ngokulwa nobandlululo, manje esewuMongameli. Xhumanisa uSuku Lwenkululeko nezimpilo zabafundi: bathola iholidi minyaka yonke ukukhumbula lo mzuzu.
UMthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika
UMthethosisekelo uyisethi ebaluleke kakhulu yemithetho ezweni - ngisho nohulumeni kufanele awulalele.
Emva kokhetho, iNingizimu Afrika yabhala uMthethosisekelo (Constitution) omusha ngonyaka we-1996. UMthethosisekelo ungumthetho ophakeme kunayo yonke wezwe. Uchaza indlela uhulumeni osebenza ngayo futhi ubale amalungelo omuntu ngamunye.
- UMongameli uMandela wasayina uMthethosisekelo eSharpeville ngomhlaka-10 Disemba 1996.
- Waqala ukusetshenziswa ngomhlaka-4 Februwari 1997.
- Awukho umthetho futhi akekho umholi ovunyelwe ukwephula imithetho eseMthethweniSisekelo.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa isithombe sesitebhisi ukuchaza 'umthetho ophakeme kunayo yonke' - uhlala ngaphezu kwayo yonke eminye imithetho. Sho ukuthi uMandela wasayina ngamabomu eSharpeville, indawo lapho abantu babebulewe khona bebhikisha ubandlululo, ukukhombisa isiqalo esisha. Gcina izinsuku zilula; umqondo osemqoka uwukuthi uMthethosisekelo uvikela wonke umuntu futhi ngisho noMongameli kumele awulandele. [SME] Qinisekisa usuku lokuqala lomhlaka-4 Februwari 1997 nemininingwane yokusayinwa eSharpeville ngokumelene nomthombo oyinhloko ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa.
UMqulu Wamalungelo
UMqulu Wamalungelo (Bill of Rights) uyingxenye ekhethekile yoMthethosisekelo evikela wonke umuntu eNingizimu Afrika.
Ukulingana
Wonke umuntu uyalingana futhi kufanele aphathwe ngobulungiswa, kungakhathaliseki uhlanga, ulimi noma inkolo yakhe.
Isithunzi
Wonke umuntu kufanele ahlonishwe futhi aphathwe ngomusa.
Imfundo
Zonke izingane zinelungelo lokuya esikoleni nokufunda.
Ukuphepha
Wonke umuntu unelungelo lokuphepha nokunakekelwa.
Inkululeko yokukhuluma
Abantu bangabelana ngemibono nemiqondo yabo ngokukhululeka.
Imvelo ehlanzekile
Wonke umuntu unelungelo lemvelo enempilo, manje nasesikhathini esizayo.
Speaker notes
UMqulu Wamalungelo yiSahluko 2 soMthethosisekelo. Funda ikhadi ngalinye ngokuzwakalayo bese ubuza abafundi isibonelo ezimpilweni zabo (ngokwesibonelo, ilungelo lemfundo lisho ukuthi bangaya esikoleni). Gcizelela ukuthi la malungelo angawawo wonke umuntu ngokulinganayo - yilokhu kanye ubandlululo obabuwaphika. Ungakhetha amakhadi amathathu noma amane kuphela uma isikhathi sincane.
Ukhetho eNingizimu Afrika manje
INingizimu Afrika ibamba ukhetho ukuze izakhamuzi ziqhubeke zikhetha abaholi bazo.
Njalo eminyakeni embalwa, abaseNingizimu Afrika bayavota okhethweni. Iqembu elibizwa nge-Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) liqinisekisa ukuthi ukhetho lukhululekile futhi lunobulungiswa.
- Izakhamuzi kufanele zibe neminyaka eyi-18 noma ngaphezulu futhi kufanele zibhalise ukuvota.
- Ukuvota kuyimfihlo (okuyimfihlo), ngakho akekho ongaphoqwa ukuvota ngendlela ethile.
- Amavoti abalwa ngokucophelela, futhi iqembu elinabantu abaningi ababelisekelayo lakha uhulumeni.
Speaker notes
Chaza i-IEC 'njengonompempe wokudlala ngobulungiswa' wokhetho. Isithupha esinomaka we-inki esithombeni sikhombisa ukuthi abavoti bamakwa kanjani ukuze kungabikho ovota kabili. Qinisa umqondo wevoti eliyimfihlo - ivoti lakho liyimfihlo, okwenza ukuvota kube nobulungiswa futhi kukhululeke ekuxineni. Phawula ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka njalo, ngakho abaholi kufanele baqhubeke belalela abantu.
Amalungelo nezibopho
Ukuba yisakhamuzi kusho ukuthi unamalungelo - kanye nezibopho kwabanye.
Speaker notes
Lo ngumqondo osemqoka we-CAPS: amalungelo aza nezibopho. Dweba isixhumanisi phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili - ilungelo lakho lokuphathwa ngenhlonipho lisho ukuthi kufanele uhloniphe abanye; ilungelo lakho lemvelo ehlanzekile lisho ukuthi akufanele ungcolise. Buza abafundi ukuthi bengeze esinye isibopho sabo ohlwini.
Amazinga amathathu kahulumeni
INingizimu Afrika ibuswa emazingeni amathathu asebenza ndawonye.
Abantu esibavotelayo basebenza emazingeni amathathu kahulumeni. Izinga ngalinye linakekela imisebenzi ehlukene, kusukela ezweni lonke kuya edolobheni lakini.
- Uhulumeni kazwelonke (national) unakekela izwe lonke futhi usebenza ePhalamende eKapa.
- Uhulumeni wesifundazwe (provincial) uphethe izifundazwe eziyisishiyagalolunye ngalinye.
- Uhulumeni wendawo (local, umasipala) unakekela idolobha lakini, amanzi, imigwaqo nokuqoqwa kukadoti.
Speaker notes
Kugcine kucacile eBangeni 6 ngokuxhumanisa izinga ngalinye nempilo yangempela: kazwelonke wenza imithetho emikhulu, kwesifundazwe uphethe izikole nezibhedlela, futhi uhulumeni wendawo yingakho kunamanzi empompini nodoti eqoqwa. Kunezifundazwe eziyisishiyagalolunye - bheka ukuthi abafundi bangasho yini esabo isifundazwe nenhlokodolobha yaso.
Izinsuku ezibalulekile ozozikhumbula
- 1990 UNelson Mandela ukhululwa ejele
- 1991 Abaholi baqala izingxoxo eCODESA
- 1994 Ukhetho lokuqala lwentando yeningi ngomhlaka-27 Ephreli; uMandela uba nguMongameli
- 1996 UMthethosisekelo omusha uyasayinwa
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa ushijilo lwesikhathi ukusiza abafundi bahlele indaba ngokulandelana - ikhono elivamile le-CAPS. Bacele basho ukuthi kwenzekani osukwini ngalunye ngamagama abo. Khombisa ukuthi izinto zashintsha ngokushesha kanjani: iminyaka emine kuphela kusukela uMandela ephuma ejele kuze kube iNingizimu Afrika inoMthethosisekelo omusha.
Ungaba kanjani yisakhamuzi esihle?
Akudingeki ulinde uze ube neminyaka eyi-18 - ungaba yisakhamuzi esihle manje.
Isakhamuzi yilungu lezwe elingelakhona futhi elihlanganyela ekulinakekeleni. Ngisha nanjengomuntu omusha, ungasiza ukwakha iNingizimu Afrika enobulungiswa nenendaba nsuku zonke.
- Phatha wonke umuntu ngomusa nangobulungiswa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungubani.
- Gcina isikole nomphakathi wakho kuhlanzekile futhi kuphephile.
- Landela imithetho enobulungiswa futhi ukhulume ngenhlonipho uma into ingenabulungiswa.
- Funda ngomlando wezwe lakho noMthethosisekelo walo.
Speaker notes
Buyisela isifundo ezinqumeni zabafundi. Intando yeningi ayikho mayelana nokuvota kanye njalo eminyakeni embalwa kuphela - imayelana nendlela esiphathana ngayo nsuku zonke. Mema ikilasi lithembise into eyodwa elizoyenza kuleli sonto ukuze libe yizakhamuzi ezinhle, njengokusiza umfundi omunye noma ukucosha udoti.
INingizimu Afrika ingeyabo bonke
I-Freedom Charter yango-1955 yayiphupha ngentando yeningi iNingizimu Afrika eyayakha ngo-1994.
South Africa belongs to all who live in it, black and white. The Freedom Charter, 1955
Lesi sithembiso, esenziwa kudala ngaphambi kwentando yeningi, sagcwaliseka eMthethweniSisekelo omusha. Sisikhumbuza ukuthi iNingizimu Afrika iyikhaya lawo wonke umuntu ohlala lapha.
Speaker notes
Funda isicaphuno ndawonye bese uzichaza ngamagama alula: izwe lingelabo bonke ngokulinganayo. Chaza ukuthi lo mqondo wabhalwa phansi ngo-1955, kudala ngaphambi kuka-1994, nokuthi abantu babambelela kuleli phupho amashumi eminyaka waze wagcwaliseka. Lokhu kuxhumanisa ubuzwe nokuhlanganyela okwabelwanwe.
Esikufundile
Intando yeningi inikeza sonke isakhamuzi izwi, elivikelwa uMthethosisekelo noMqulu Wamalungelo.
Sifunde ukuthi iNingizimu Afrika yaba intando yeningi ngo-1994 lapho wonke umuntu ekwazi ukuvota, ukuthi uMthethosisekelo ungumthetho ophakeme kunayo yonke, nokuthi izakhamuzi zinamalungelo nezibopho.
Q. Kwenzekani ngomhlaka-27 Ephreli 1994, futhi kungani kwakubaluleke kangaka? (4 marks)
Q. Bala amalungelo amabili avela kuMqulu Wamalungelo bese uchaza ukuthi kungani ngalinye libalulekile. (4 marks)
Q. Chaza izibopho ezimbili onazo njengesakhamuzi saseNingizimu Afrika. (4 marks)
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa imibuzo emithathu njengomsebenzi obhaliwe noma ingxoxo yekilasi. Ilandela isitayela se-CAPS sokukhumbula kanye nencazelo emfushane. Khuthaza abafundi ukuba basebenzise imisho ephelele namagama amasha esifundo: intando yeningi, uMthethosisekelo, uMqulu Wamalungelo, isakhamuzi, amalungelo nezibopho. Vala ngokubakhumbuza ukuthi bonke bayizakhamuzi ezinendima yokudlala.
- Grade
- Grade 6
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- Democracy and citizenship in South Africa
- Resource type
- Presentation