Idemokrasi Nobubanjani Bomuntu eSewula Afrika
Indlela iSewula Afrika eyaba ngayo inarha lapha woke umuntu omdala angavota khona, nokobana kutjho ukuthini ukuba sibanjani esihle.
Speaker notes
Thoma ngokubuza abafundi bona bacabanga bona ibizo elithi 'idemokrasi' litjho ukuthini. Tlola imibono yabo ebhodini. Hlathulula bona isifundo sanamhlanjesi sirhelela indaba yendlela iSewula Afrika eyaba ngayo idemokrasi ngo-1994, nokobana yiliphi amalungelo nemithwalo abantu abanayo. Gcina umoya unethemba - le yindaba yabantu abazuza ilungelo lokuphathwa ngokulinganako.
Yini idemokrasi?
Idemokrasi yinarha lapho abantu bakhetha khona abarholi babo.
Ibizo elithi idemokrasi livela emabizweni amabili amadala wesiGirigi atjho ukuthi 'ukubusa kwabantu'. Edemokrasini, abantu abadala bayavota (bakhetha) ukukhetha abarholi abenza imithetho baphinde bakhulise inarha.
- Woke umuntu omdala oyisakhamuzi uthola ivowudu linye, begodu woke ivowudu libaluleke ngokulinganako.
- Abarholi bakhethwa babantu, abazalelwa emandleni.
- Nengabe abantu abakathabi, bangavotela abarholi abahlukileko ngesikhathi esizako.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa isibonelo esilula sekilasi: nengabe ikilasi bekufuze likhethe umdlalo elizowudlala begodu woke umuntu uphakamise isandla ukuvota, lokho yidemokrasi esebenzako. Yifananise nomuntu oyedwa oquntela woke umuntu. Gandelela umqondo wobulungisa 'nomuntu oyedwa, ivowudu linye' ngombana kuba qakathekile ngemva kwesifundo.
Nabantu abanengi bebangakwazi ukuvota
Iminyaka eminengi, imithetho engakalungi yavimba abantu abanengi beSewula Afrika bona bangavoti.
Ngesikhathi esidlulileko, iSewula Afrika beyinehlelo ebelibizwa nge-apartheid, ibizo lesiBhunu elitjho ukuthi 'ukwahlukaniswa'. Ngaphasi kwe-apartheid, umthetho wahlukanisa abantu ngokombala wesikhumba sabo begodu wabaphatha ngokungalingani.
- Kwaphela abantu beSewula Afrika abamhlophe egade bavunyelwa ukuvotela urhulumende.
- Abantu abanzima, abanebala nabama-Indiya bebanelizwi elincani namtjhana bebanganalo eemthethweni ebeyibusa ipilo yabo.
- Abantu abanengi abanesibindi bavukela iminyaka eminengi bafuna amalungelo alinganako kiwo woke umuntu.
Speaker notes
Phatha lokhu ngokuthobeka nangeqiniso. Umlayezo webanga 6 kukuthi umthetho wakhe waphatha abantu ngokungakalungi ngebanga lombala wesikhumba sabo, nokobana lokho bekukumbi. Qinisekisa abafundi bona abantu basebenza budisi nangokuthula ukuwutjhugulula. Balekela iimininingwana emitjhoso; gcina utjheje ubulungisa nelungelo lokulalelwa. Yihlanganisa ne-Bill of Rights ngemva, ebeyitloliwe ukuqinisekisa bona lokhu akhenge kuphinde kwenzeke godu.
Abarholi bahlala phasi bakhulume
Ekuthomeni kweminyaka yabo-1990, abarholi beSewula Afrika bahlangana ukuhlela inarha elungileko, eyidemokrasi.
Abarholi bamaqembu amanengi bahlangana emihlanganweni eyaziwa ngokobana yi-CODESA (i-Convention for a Democratic South Africa). Kunokobana balwe, bakhuluma ngendlela yokwabelana ngamandla nokwenza ikhetho elilungileko kubo boke abantu beSewula Afrika.
- UNelson Mandela bekakhutjhwe ejele ngo-1990 ngemva kweminyaka ema-27.
- Abarholi bavumelana bona woke umuntu oneminyaka ema-18 nangaphezulu kufuze avunyelwe ukuvota.
- Bahlela ikhetho lokuthoma ledemokrasi lenarha.
Speaker notes
Gandelela amandla wokukhuluma: iSewula Afrika yabalekela ipi epheleleko ngombana abarholi bakhetha ukukhulumisana. Bala uNelson Mandela no-F.W. de Klerk njengabanye babantu abaqakathekileko, uphinde utjho bona ngemva kwesikhathi babelana ngoMklomelo weKululu weNobel. Yigcine ilula - umqondo oqakathekileko kukuthi ukukhuluma nokuvumelana kwakha idemokrasi etja.
Ikhetho lokuthoma ledemokrasi
Ngomhlaka 27 Aprhili 1994, abantu beSewula Afrika bawo woke umhlobo bavota ndawonye okokuthoma.
Ngomhlaka 27 Aprhili 1994, iingidi zabantu zajama emirarweni emide, zibekezela, zizokuvota. Kabanengi babantu abanzima beSewula Afrika, bekuyisikhathi sokuthoma bavunyelwa ukukhetha urhulumende wabo.
- I-African National Congress (ANC) yaphumelela ikhetho.
- UNelson Mandela waba nguMengameli wokuthoma weSewula Afrika okhethwe ngedemokrasi ngomhlaka 10 Meyi 1994.
- U-27 Aprhili nje ulanga lekhefu lomphakathi elibizwa nge-Freedom Day (iLanga leKululu).
Speaker notes
Le yihliziyo yesifundo. Dweba isithombe semirara emide - abanye abantu balinda amahora amanengi begodu bebathabile ukuvota ekugcineni. Hlathulula bona uMandela bekasejele ngebanga lokulwisana ne-apartheid, begodu nje waba nguMengameli. Hlanganisa iLanga leKululu nepilo yabafundi: bathola ikhefu qobe mnyaka ukukhumbula lo mzuzu.
UmThethosisekelo weSewula Afrika
UmThethosisekelo mihlobo yemithetho eqakatheke khulu enarheni - ngitjho norhulumende kufuze awulalele.
Ngemva kwekhetho, iSewula Afrika yatlola umThethosisekelo omutjha ngo-1996. UmThethosisekelo ngumthetho ophezulu wenarha. Uhlathulula bona urhulumende usebenza njani begodu ubale amalungelo womuntu ngamunye.
- UMengameli Mandela watjhwayela umThethosisekelo eSharpeville ngomhlaka 10 Disemba 1996.
- Waqalisa ukusetjenziswa ngomhlaka 4 Febherbari 1997.
- Awukho umthetho namtjhana umrholi ovunyelwe ukwephula imithetho ekumThethosisekelo.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa isithombe seenkhwelo ukuhlathulula 'umthetho ophezulu' - uhlala ngaphezu kwayo yoke eminye imithetho. Tjho bona uMandela ngamabomu watjhwayela eSharpeville, indawo lapho abantu babulawa khona nabalwisana ne-apartheid, ukutjengisa isiqalo esitja. Yenza amalanga abe mancani; umqondo oqakathekileko kukuthi umThethosisekelo uvikela woke umuntu begodu ngitjho noMengameli kufuze awulandele. [SME] Qinisekisa idatha yokuqalisa yomhlaka 4 Febherbari 1997 nemininingwana yokutjhwayela eSharpeville ngokusekela komthombo woqobo ngaphambi kokukhipha.
I-Bill of Rights (iSitatimende Samalungelo)
I-Bill of Rights yingcenye ekhethekileko yomThethosisekelo evikela umuntu ngamunye eSewula Afrika.
Ukulingana
Woke umuntu uyalingana begodu kufuze aphathwe ngokulungako, kungakhathaliseki umhlobo, ilimi namtjhana ikholo lakhe.
Isithunzi
Umuntu ngamunye kufuze ahlonitjhwe aphinde aphathwe ngomusa.
Ifundo
Umntwana ngamunye unelungelo lokuya esikolweni afunde.
Ukuphepha
Woke umuntu unelungelo lokuphepha nokutlhogonyelwa.
Ikululu yokukhuluma
Abantu bangabelana ngemibono nemicabango yabo ngokutjhaphulukileko.
Imvelo ehlanzekileko
Woke umuntu unelungelo lemvelo ephilileko, nje nesikhathini esizako.
Speaker notes
I-Bill of Rights isahluko 2 somThethosisekelo. Bala ikarada ngayinye ngokuzwakalako uphinde ubuze abafundi isibonelo epilweni yabo (isibonelo, ilungelo lefundo litjho bona bangaya esikolweni). Gandelela bona lawa malungelo ngawakhe woke umuntu ngokulinganako - lokhu kuyilokho i-apartheid egade ikwenqabela. Ungakhetha amakarada amathathu namtjhana amane kwaphela nengabe isikhathi sifitjhani.
Amakhetho eSewula Afrika nje
ISewula Afrika ibamba amakhetho ukwenzela bona izakhamuzi ziragele phambili zikhetha abarholi bazo.
Qobe iminyaka embalwa, abantu beSewula Afrika bavota ekhethweni. Iqembu elibizwa nge-Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) liqinisekisa bona ikhetho litjhaphulukile begodu lilungile.
- Izakhamuzi kufuze zibe neminyaka ema-18 nangaphezulu begodu zibhalise ukuvota.
- Ukuvota kuyimfihlo, ngalokho akakho ongagandelelwa ukuvota ngendlela ethileko.
- Amavowudu abalwa ngonono, begodu iqembu elinesekelo elinengi lakha urhulumende.
Speaker notes
Hlathulula i-IEC njengomahluleli 'wemidlalo elungileko' wamakhetho. Isithupha esine-inki esithombeni sitjengisa indlela abavoti abadwetjhwa ngayo ukwenzela bona akakho ovota kabili. Qinisa umqondo wevowudu eyimfihlo - ivowudu lakho liyimfihlo, okugcina ukuvota kulungile begodu kutjhaphulukile eqhutjheni. Tjho bona lokhu kwenzeka qobe, ngalokho abarholi kufuze baragele phambili balalele abantu.
Amalungelo nemithwalo
Ukuba sisakhamuzi kutjho bona unamalungelo - uphinde ube nemithwalo kwabanye.
Speaker notes
Lo mqondo oqakathekileko we-CAPS: amalungelo aza nemithwalo. Dweba ukuhlangana phakathi kweenkolomu ezimbili - ilungelo lakho lokuphathwa ngehlonipho litjho bona kufuze uhloniphe abanye; ilungelo lakho lemvelo ehlanzekileko litjho bona akufuze ulahle iinzibi. Buza abafundi bona bafake omunye umthwalo wabo emtjhweni.
Amazinga amathathu karhulumende
ISewula Afrika ibuswa emazingeni amathathu asebenza ndawonye.
Abantu esibavotelako basebenza emazingeni amathathu karhulumende. Izinga ngalinye litlhogomela imisebenzi ehlukeneko, kusukela enarheni yoke kuye edorobheni lakho.
- Urhulumende wesitjhaba utlhogomela inarha yoke begodu usebenza ePalamende eKapa.
- Urhulumende wesifunda ukhulisa isifunda ngasinye seemfundeni ezilithoba.
- Urhulumende wendawo (imasipala) utlhogomela idorobho lakho, amanzi, imigwaqo nokubuthwa kweenzibi.
Speaker notes
Yigcine iqinileko ebangeni 6 ngokuhlanganisa izinga ngalinye nepilo yamambala: isitjhaba senza imithetho emikhulu, isifunda sikhulisa iimkolo nezibhedlela, begodu urhulumende wendawo ngiyo ibanga lokobana kube namanzi empompini nokubuthwa kweenzibi. Kunemfundeni ezilithoba - qala bona abafundi bangalibiza na isifundeni sabo nekomkhulu laso.
Amalanga aqakathekileko wokukhumbula
- 1990 UNelson Mandela ukhutjhwa ejele
- 1991 Abarholi bathoma iinkhulumo e-CODESA
- 1994 Ikhetho lokuthoma ledemokrasi ngomhlaka 27 Aprhili; uMandela uba nguMengameli
- 1996 UmThethosisekelo omutjha uyatjhwayelwa
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa umugca wesikhathi ukusiza abafundi bona babeke indaba ngokulandelana - ikghono le-CAPS elivamileko. Babuze bona kwenzekani elangeni ngalinye ngamezwi wabo. Tjengisa indlela izinto ezatjhuguluka msinya ngayo: iminyaka emine kwaphela kusukela uMandela aphuma ejele kufika iSewula Afrika inomThethosisekelo omutjha.
Ungaba njani sisakhamuzi esihle?
Awukafuze ulinde bewube neminyaka ema-18 - ungaba sisakhamuzi esihle nje khona nje.
I-sakhamuzi silunga lenarha esibelela lapho sabelana ekukhulisweni kwayo. Ngitjho nanjengomuntu omutjha, ungasiza ukwakha iSewula Afrika elungileko netlhogomelako qobe langa.
- Phatha woke umuntu ngomusa nangobulungisa, kungakhathaliseki bona ungubani.
- Gcina isikolo nomphakathi wakho uhlanzekile uphephile.
- Landela iinkambiso ezilungileko begodu ukhulume ngehlonipho nekunento engakalungi.
- Funda ngomlando wenarha yakho nangomThethosisekelo wayo.
Speaker notes
Yisa isifundo epilweni yabafundi. Idemokrasi ayisiyokuvota kanye qobe iminyaka embalwa kwaphela - imalungana nendlela esiphathana ngayo qobe langa. Mema ikilasi bona lithembise into eyodwa ezolenza esivekeni ukuba sisakhamuzi esihle, njengokusiza umfundi okunaye namtjhana ukudobha iinzibi.
ISewula Afrika ngeyabo boke
I-Freedom Charter ka-1955 yabhudanga ngedemokrasi iSewula Afrika eyayakha ngo-1994.
ISewula Afrika ngeyabo boke abahlala kiyo, abanzima nabamhlophe. The Freedom Charter, 1955
Isithembiso lesi, esenziwa kade phambi kwedemokrasi, safezeka emThethosisekelweni omutjha. Sisikhumbuza bona iSewula Afrika likhaya lomuntu ngamunye ohlala lapha.
Speaker notes
Bala isiqeshana ndawonye niphinde nisitjho ngamezwi alula: inarha ngeyabo boke ngokulinganako. Hlathulula bona lo mqondo watlolwa ngo-1955, kade phambi kuka-1994, nokobana abantu bawubamba lo mbono amasumi weminyaka bewafezeka. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ububanjani bomuntu nokubelela ndawonye.
Esikufundileko
Idemokrasi inikela isakhamuzi ngasinye ilizwi, elivikelwa mThethosisekelo ne-Bill of Rights.
Sifunde bona iSewula Afrika yaba yidemokrasi ngo-1994 lokha woke umuntu angavota, nokobana umThethosisekelo ngumthetho ophezulu, nokobana izakhamuzi zinamalungelo nemithwalo.
Q. Kwenzekani ngomhlaka 27 Aprhili 1994, begodu kubayini bekuqakatheke kangaka? (4 marks)
Q. Bala amalungelo amabili avela e-Bill of Rights uhlathulule bona ngalinye liqakatheke ngani. (4 marks)
Q. Hlathulula imithwalo emibili onayo njengesakhamuzi seSewula Afrika. (4 marks)
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa imibuzo emithathu njengomsebenzi otloliweko namtjhana ingxoxo yekilasi. Ilandela indlela ye-CAPS yokukhumbula kanye nehlathululo emfitjhani. Khuthaza abafundi bona basebenzise imitjho epheleleko namabizo amatjha wesifundo: idemokrasi, umThethosisekelo, i-Bill of Rights, isakhamuzi, amalungelo nemithwalo. Phetha ngokubakhumbuza bona boke basizakhamuzi ezinesabelo esidlalako.
- Grade
- Grade 6
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- Democracy and citizenship in South Africa
- Resource type
- Presentation