Idemokhrasi noBummi eMzantsi Afrika
Indlela uMzantsi Afrika owaba ngayo ilizwe apho wonke umntu omdala anokuvota khona, kunye nokuba kuthetha ntoni ukuba ngummi olungileyo.
Speaker notes
Qala ngokubuza abafundi ukuba bacinga ukuba igama elithi 'idemokhrasi' lithetha ntoni. Bhala izimvo zabo ebhodini. Chaza ukuba isifundo sanamhlanje sibalisa ibali lendlela uMzantsi Afrika owaba yidemokhrasi ngayo ngo-1994, kunye namalungelo neembopheleleko abanazo abemi. Gcina isimo sithembisa - eli libali lokuphumelela kwabantu ilungelo lokuphathwa ngokulinganayo.
Yintoni idemokhrasi?
Idemokhrasi lilizwe apho abantu bezikhethela iinkokeli zabo.
Igama elithi idemokhrasi livela kumagama amabini amadala esiGrike athetha ukuthi 'ukulawulwa ngabantu'. Kwidemokhrasi, abantu abadala baya kuvota ukukhetha iinkokeli ezenza imithetho size zilawule ilizwe.
- Wonke ummi omdala ufumana ivoti elinye, kwaye lonke ivoti libalwa ngokulinganayo.
- Iinkokeli zikhethwa ngabantu, azizalelwa emandleni.
- Ukuba abantu abonwabanga, banokuvotela iinkokeli ezahlukileyo ngexesha elizayo.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa umzekelo olula wegumbi lokufundela: ukuba iklasi kufuneka ikhethe umdlalo edlalayo waza wonke umntu waphakamisa isandla ukuvota, leyo yidemokhrasi isebenza. Yithelekise nomntu omnye othatha isigqibo egameni labo bonke. Gxininisa umbono wobulungisa kunye 'nomntu omnye, ivoti elinye' kuba uba balulekile emva kwesifundo.
Xa uninzi lwabantu lwalungakwazi ukuvota
Iminyaka emininzi, imithetho engekho sikweni yavimbela uninzi lwabantu baseMzantsi Afrika ukuba bavote.
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, uMzantsi Afrika wawunenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yicalucalulo (apartheid), igama lesiBhulu elithetha 'ukwahlukana'. Phantsi kwecalucalulo, umthetho wawahlula abantu ngokombala wesikhumba sabo waza wabaphatha ngokungalinganiyo.
- Ngabamhlophe baseMzantsi Afrika kuphela ababevunyelwe ukuvotela urhulumente.
- Abantu abaNtsundu, abeBala kunye namaIndiya babenelizwi elincinci okanye bengenalo kwaphela emithethweni eyayilawula ubomi babo.
- Abantu abaninzi abanesibindi baqhankqalaza iminyaka ukuze baphumelele amalungelo alinganayo kubo bonke.
Speaker notes
Phatha oku ngobunono nangokunyaniseka. Umyalezo weBanga 6 kukuba umthetho wakhe waphatha abantu ngokungekho sikweni ngenxa yombala wesikhumba sabo, kwaye oku kwakuphosakele. Qinisekisa abafundi ukuba abantu basebenza nzima nangoxolo ukuze bakutshintshe. Phepha iinkcukacha ezimasikizi; gcina ugxininiso kubulungisa nakwilungelo lokuvakala. Yiqhagamshele noMqulu wamaLungelo (Bill of Rights) kamva, owabhalwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba oku akuze kuphinde kwenzeke.
Iinkokeli zihlala phantsi zithethe
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1990, iinkokeli zaseMzantsi Afrika zadibana ukucwangcisa ilizwe elinobulungisa, eliyidemokhrasi.
Iinkokeli ezivela kumaqela amaninzi zadibana kwiintlanganiso ezaziwa ngokuba yi-CODESA (iNkomfa yoMzantsi Afrika oyiDemokhrasi). Endaweni yokulwa, zathetha ngendlela yokwabelana ngamandla nokubamba unyulo olunobulungisa kubo bonke abantu baseMzantsi Afrika.
- UNelson Mandela wayekhutshiwe entolongweni ngo-1990 emva kweminyaka engama-27.
- Iinkokeli zavuma ukuba wonke umntu oneminyaka eyi-18 nangaphezulu makavunyelwe ukuvota.
- Zacwangcisa unyulo lwedemokhrasi lokuqala ngqa lwelizwe.
Speaker notes
Gxininisa amandla engxoxo: uMzantsi Afrika waphepha imfazwe epheleleyo kuba iinkokeli zakhetha ukuxoxa. Balula uNelson Mandela noF.W. de Klerk njengabanye babantu ababalulekileyo, uze uphawule ukuba emva koko babelana ngeBhaso loXolo lweNobel. Yenze lula - umbono ophambili kukuba ukuthetha nokuvumelana kwakha idemokhrasi entsha.
Unyulo lwedemokhrasi lokuqala
Nge-27 April 1994, abantu baseMzantsi Afrika bazo zonke iintlanga bavota kunye okokuqala.
Nge-27 April 1994, izigidi zabantu zema kwimigca emide, zinomonde, ukuze zivote. Kuninzi lwabantu abaNtsundu baseMzantsi Afrika, yayilixesha lokuqala ngqa bavunyelwa ukukhetha urhulumente wabo.
- I-African National Congress (ANC) yaphumelela unyulo.
- UNelson Mandela waba nguMongameli wokuqala waseMzantsi Afrika onyulwe ngokwedemokhrasi nge-10 May 1994.
- I-27 April ngoku iyiholide kawonke-wonke ebizwa ngokuba yi-Freedom Day (uSuku lweNkululeko).
Speaker notes
Le yintliziyo yesifundo. Zoba umfanekiso wemigca emide - abanye abantu balinda iiyure ezininzi kwaye babenemincili yokuvota ekugqibeleni. Chaza ukuba uMandela wayekhe wavalelwa entolongweni ngenxa yokulwa icalucalulo, kwaye ngoku waba nguMongameli. Nxibelelanisa uSuku lweNkululeko nobomi babafundi: bafumana iholide nyaka ngamnye ukukhumbula lo mzuzu.
UMgaqo-siseko woMzantsi Afrika
UMgaqo-siseko ngumthetho obalulekileyo kunayo yonke elizweni - kwanorhulumente kufuneka awuthobele.
Emva konyulo, uMzantsi Afrika wabhala uMgaqo-siseko omtsha ngonyaka we-1996. UMgaqo-siseko ngumthetho ophezulu welizwe. Uchaza indlela urhulumente asebenza ngayo kwaye udwelisa amalungelo omntu wonke.
- UMongameli Mandela wawutyikitya uMgaqo-siseko eSharpeville nge-10 December 1996.
- Waqalisa ukusetyenziswa nge-4 February 1997.
- Akukho mthetho nankokeli ivunyelwe ukwaphula imigaqo ekuMgaqo-siseko.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa umfanekiso wezinyuko ukucacisa 'umthetho ophezulu' - uhleli ngaphezu kwayo yonke eminye imithetho. Khankanya ukuba uMandela ngenjongo wawutyikitya eSharpeville, indawo apho abantu babebulawelwe khona bexhathisa icalucalulo, ukubonisa isiqalo esitsha. Gcina imihla ilula; umbono ophambili kukuba uMgaqo-siseko ukhusela wonke umntu kwaye kwanoMongameli kufuneka awulandele. [SME] Qinisekisa umhla woqaliso wama-4 February 1997 kunye neenkcukacha zokutyikitywa eSharpeville ngokuchasene nomthombo osisiseko phambi kokuvelisa.
UMqulu wamaLungelo (Bill of Rights)
UMqulu wamaLungelo yinxalenye ekhethekileyo yoMgaqo-siseko ekhusela wonke umntu eMzantsi Afrika.
Ukulingana
Wonke umntu uyalingana kwaye kufuneka aphathwe ngobulungisa, nokuba luhlanga, lulwimi okanye lunkolo bani.
Isidima
Wonke umntu kufuneka ahlonitshwe kwaye aphathwe ngobubele.
Imfundo
Wonke umntwana unelungelo lokuya esikolweni afunde.
Ukhuseleko
Wonke umntu unelungelo lokukhuseleka nokunonotshelwa.
Inkululeko yokuthetha
Abantu bangabelana ngezimvo neengcinga zabo ngokukhululekileyo.
Indawo ecocekileyo yokuhlala
Wonke umntu unelungelo lokuba nendawo yokuhlala esempilweni, ngoku nakwixesha elizayo.
Speaker notes
UMqulu wamaLungelo yiSahluko sesi-2 soMgaqo-siseko. Funda ikhadi ngalinye ngokuvakalayo uze ubuze abafundi umzekelo ovela kubomi babo (umzekelo, ilungelo lemfundo lithetha ukuba bangaya esikolweni). Gxininisa ukuba la malungelo ngawawo wonke umntu ngokulinganayo - yiloo nto kanye icalucalulo elayikhanyelayo. Ungakhetha amakhadi amathathu okanye amane kuphela ukuba ixesha lifutshane.
Unyulo eMzantsi Afrika ngoku
UMzantsi Afrika ubamba unyulo ukuze abemi baqhubeke bekhetha iinkokeli zabo.
Emva kweminyaka embalwa, abantu baseMzantsi Afrika bavota kunyulo. Iqela elibizwa ngokuba yi-Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) liqinisekisa ukuba unyulo lukhululekile kwaye lunobulungisa.
- Abemi kufuneka babe neminyaka eyi-18 nangaphezulu kwaye kufuneka babhalise ukuze bavote.
- Ukuvota kuyimfihlo, ngoko akukho mntu unokunyanzelwa ukuba avote ngendlela ethile.
- Iivoti zibalwa ngononophelo, kwaye iqela elinenkxaso eninzi lakha urhulumente.
Speaker notes
Chaza i-IEC njenge 'sigwebi somdlalo onobulungisa' wonyulo. Ubhontsi oneyinki emfanekisweni ubonisa indlela abavoti abaphawulwa ngayo ukuze kungabikho mntu uvota kabini. Qinisa umbono wevoti eyimfihlo - ivoti yakho yeyakho yodwa, nto leyo egcina ukuvota kunobulungisa kwaye kukhululekile koxhwaliso. Phawula ukuba oku kwenzeka rhoqo, ngoko iinkokeli kufuneka zihlale ziphulaphula abantu.
Amalungelo neembopheleleko
Ukuba ngummi kuthetha ukuba unamalungelo - kwakunye nemisebenzi kwabanye.
Speaker notes
Lo ngumbono ophambili weCAPS: amalungelo eza neembopheleleko. Zoba unxibelelwano phakathi kwemihlathi emibini - ilungelo lakho lokuphathwa ngentlonipho lithetha ukuba kufuneka uhloniphe abanye; ilungelo lakho lendawo yokuhlala ecocekileyo lithetha ukuba akufuneki ulahle inkunkuma. Cela abafundi ukuba bongeze enye imbopheleleko yabo kuluhlu.
Amanqanaba amathathu karhulumente
UMzantsi Afrika ulawulwa kumanqanaba amathathu asebenza kunye.
Abantu esibavotelayo basebenza kumanqanaba amathathu karhulumente. Inqanaba ngalinye linonophela imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwilizwe liphela ukuya kwidolophu yakho.
- Urhulumente kazwelonke unonophela ilizwe liphela kwaye usebenza ePalamente eKapa.
- Urhulumente wephondo ulawula liphi na kumaphondo alithoba.
- Urhulumente wasekhaya (umasipala) unonophela idolophu yakho, amanzi, iindlela nokuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma.
Speaker notes
Yenze ibe yeyokwenene kwiBanga 6 ngokunxibelelanisa inqanaba ngalinye nobomi bokwenene: urhulumente kazwelonke wenza imithetho emikhulu, owephondo ulawula izikolo nezibhedlele, kwaye urhulumente wasekhaya kungoko kukho amanzi empompini kwaye inkunkuma iyaqokelelwa. Kukho amaphondo alithoba - jonga ukuba abafundi bangaliqamba na iphondo labo nekomkhulu lalo.
Imihla ebalulekileyo emawuyikhumbule
- 1990 UNelson Mandela ukhutshwa entolongweni
- 1991 Iinkokeli ziqala iingxoxo eCODESA
- 1994 Unyulo lwedemokhrasi lokuqala nge-27 April; uMandela uba nguMongameli
- 1996 UMgaqo-siseko omtsha uyatyikitywa
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa umgca wexesha ukunceda abafundi babeke ibali ngendlela elandelelanayo - isakhono seCAPS esiqhelekileyo. Bacele ukuba bathi kwenzeke ntoni kumhla ngamnye ngamazwi abo. Bonisa indlela izinto ezatshintsha ngayo ngokukhawuleza: iminyaka emine kuphela ukusuka ekuphumeni kukaMandela entolongweni ukuya ekubeni uMzantsi Afrika ube noMgaqo-siseko omtsha.
Ungaba njani ummi olungileyo?
Akukho mfuneko yokulinda ude ube neminyaka eyi-18 - ungaba ngummi olungileyo kwangoku.
Ummi lilungu lelizwe elingelalo kwaye elabelana ekulinonopheleni. Nakuba usemtsha, unganceda ekwakheni uMzantsi Afrika onobulungisa nonenkathalo yonke imihla.
- Phatha wonke umntu ngobubele nangobulungisa, nokuba ngubani na.
- Gcina isikolo sakho noluntu lwakho lucocekile kwaye lukhuselekile.
- Landela imigaqo enobulungisa kwaye uthethe ngentlonipho xa into ithile ingekho sikweni.
- Funda ngembali yelizwe lakho noMgaqo-siseko walo.
Speaker notes
Buyisela isifundo kwizigqibo zabafundi. Idemokhrasi ayikho nje ngokuvota kanye kwiminyaka embalwa - imalunga nendlela esiphathana ngayo yonke imihla. Mema iklasi ukuba ithembise into enye eya kuyenza kule veki ukuba ngummi olungileyo, njengokunceda umfundi ohlangana naye okanye ukucholachola inkunkuma.
UMzantsi Afrika ngowabo bonke
I-Freedom Charter yowe-1955 yaphupha ngedemokhrasi eyakhiwa nguMzantsi Afrika ngo-1994.
UMzantsi Afrika ngowabo bonke abahlala kuwo, abamnyama nabamhlophe. The Freedom Charter, 1955
Esi sithembiso, esenziwa kudala phambi kwedemokhrasi, sazaliseka kuMgaqo-siseko omtsha. Sisikhumbuza ukuba uMzantsi Afrika likhaya lomntu wonke ohlala apha.
Speaker notes
Funda umbhalo ocatshuliweyo kunye nize uwucacise ngamazwi alula: ilizwe ngelabo bonke ngokulinganayo. Chaza ukuba lo mbono wabhalwa phantsi ngo-1955, kudala phambi ko-1994, kwaye abantu babambelela kweli phupha iminyaka emininzi de laba yinyaniso. Oku kunxibelelanisa ubummi nokwabelana ngokuba ngowethu sonke.
Esikufundileyo
Idemokhrasi inika ummi ngamnye ilizwi, elikhuselwe nguMgaqo-siseko noMqulu wamaLungelo.
Sifunde ukuba uMzantsi Afrika waba yidemokhrasi ngo-1994 xa wonke umntu wayenokuvota, ukuba uMgaqo-siseko ngumthetho ophezulu, nokuba abemi banawo amalungelo neembopheleleko.
Q. Kwenzeka ntoni nge-27 April 1994, kwaye kutheni kwakubaluleke kangaka? (4 marks)
Q. Khankanya amalungelo amabini kuMqulu wamaLungelo uze uchaze ukuba kutheni ilinye ngalinye libalulekile. (4 marks)
Q. Chaza iimbopheleleko ezimbini onazo njengommi waseMzantsi Afrika. (4 marks)
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa le mibuzo mithathu njengomsebenzi obhaliweyo okanye ingxoxo yeklasi. Ilandela isimbo seCAPS sokukhumbula kunye nengcaciso emfutshane. Khuthaza abafundi ukuba basebenzise izivakalisi ezipheleleyo namagama amatsha esifundo: idemokhrasi, uMgaqo-siseko, uMqulu wamaLungelo, ummi, amalungelo neembopheleleko. Vala ngokubakhumbuza ukuba bonke bangabemi abanendima abamele bayidlale.
- Grade
- Grade 6
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- Democracy and citizenship in South Africa
- Resource type
- Presentation