Abantu baseNingizimu Afrika babehamba kanjani besuka kwenye indawo beya kwenye endulo? Masihambe kusukela ekuhambeni ngezinyawo, siye ezilwaneni, emasondweni, ezitimeleni, ezimotweni ngisho nasesibhakabhakeni.
Speaker notes
Yamukela ikilasi. Buza umbuzo osheshayo wokuqalisa: 'Ufike kanjani esikoleni namuhla?' Qoqa izimpendulo ezimbalwa (ngezinyawo, itekisi, imoto, ibhasi). Chaza ukuthi namuhla sibheka ukuthi ezokuthutha - indlela abantu nempahla abasuka ngayo kwenye indawo beya kwenye - kushintshe kanjani esikhathini eside kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika. Yisho ukuthi sizolandela indaba ngokulandelana, kusukela endleleni endala kunazo zonke (ukuhamba ngezinyawo) kuya kwentsha kunazo zonke (ukundiza).
Ngaphambi kwamasondo, imigwaqo noma izinjini, abantu babesebenzisa izinyawo zabo zombili.
Uhlobo lwezokuthutha oludala kunazo zonke ukuhamba ngezinyawo. Iminyaka eyizinkulungwane, abantu baseNingizimu ye-Afrika babehamba ngezinyawo yonke indawo. Babehamba beyokha amanzi, beyozingela, bevakashela umndeni futhi bethuthela emhlabeni omusha lapho bedinga amadlelo angcono noma izitshalo.
- Ukuhamba ngezinyawo kumahhala futhi akudingi uphethroli.
- Abantu babethwala imithwalo emakhanda, emihlane noma emahlombe abo.
- Uhambo olude ngezinyawo lwaluthatha izinsuku eziningi.
Speaker notes
Gcizelela ukuthi ukuhamba ngezinyawo kusayindlela abantu abaningi abahamba ngayo nsuku zonke, ngisho namanje. Kwenze kucace: cela abafundi bacabange ukuhamba ngezinyawo usuku lonke ukufika edolobheni elilandelayo, ungenayo imoto futhi kungekho sitolo endleleni. Lokhu kubasiza bezwe ukuthi kungani noma iyiphi indlela esheshayo yokuhamba yayiwushintsho olukhulu kangaka.
Abantu bafunda ukusebenzisa izilwane ezinamandla ukuze zibathwale futhi zidonse imithwalo esindayo.
Abantu baqala ukusebenzisa izilwane ezifana nezinkabi, amahhashi nezimbongolo. Inkabi enamandla yayikwazi ukudonsa umthwalo osindayo, futhi ihhashi lalikwazi ukuthwala umgibeli ngokushesha. Lokhu kwakusho ukuthi abantu nempahla babengahamba ibanga elide kunalapho umuntu ehamba yedwa ngezinyawo.
- Izinkabi zazihamba kancane kodwa zinamandla kakhulu - zinhle ekudonseni.
- Amahhashi ayeshesha - amahle ekugibeleni nasekuthwaleni imiyalezo.
- Izimbongolo zazithwala imithwalo emizileni emibi.
Speaker notes
Veza umehluko okufanele abafundi bawuqaphele kuso sonke lesi sifundo: ezinye izinhlobo zezokuthutha zinamandla kodwa zihamba kancane (izinkabi), ezinye ziyashesha kodwa zithwala okuncane (amahhashi). Buza ukuthi yisiphi isilwane abangasikhetha ukuthwala umthwalo osindayo wommbila, nokuthi yisiphi ukuthwala umyalezo ophuthumayo. Lokhu kwakha umqondo wokuthi uhlobo ngalunye olusha lwezokuthutha lwaluxazulula inkinga.
Lapho abantu behlanganisa amasondo nezinkabi, babengathwala imindeni yonke nempahla yabo yonke.
Inqola yezinkabi kwakuyinqola enkulu yokhuni enamasondo, edonswa iqembu lezinkabi. Izinqola zaziyathwala imithwalo esindayo amabanga amade. Ngesikhathi seGreat Trek (uHambo Olukhulu) ngeminyaka yawo-1830 nawo-1840, imindeni yamaVoortrekker yayilayisha izinqola zezinkabi ihambe ijule ngaphakathi ezweni, iwela izintaba nemifula.
- Iqembu lezinkabi eziningi lalidonsa inqola eyodwa esindayo.
- Izinqola zazihamba kancane, amakhilomitha ambalwa nje ngosuku.
- Kwakungekho migwaqo enetiyela - kwakukhona kuphela imizila emibi neveld evulekile.
Speaker notes
Inqola yezinkabi iyisibonelo esihle sokuhlanganisa imibono emibili - isondo namandla ezilwane - ukwenza into engcono kunazo zombili zizodwa. Qaphela iGreat Trek njengomcimbi wangempela waseNingizimu Afrika lapho izinqola zezinkabi zazibaluleke khona. Kugcine kufanele izinga leminyaka futhi kulula: ukugxila lapha kusezokuthutha, enqoleni, nasekuthini yayihamba kancane kangakanani, hhayi ezombusazwe ezibanzi zeGreat Trek. [SME: qinisekisa indlela oyithandayo yokwethula iGreat Trek kubafundi beBanga 4.]
Edolobheni elimatasa laseThekwini (eDurban), abantu babegibela ezinqolaneni ezinamasondo amabili ezazidonswa umuntu ogijimayo.
Irikishaw yinqolana elula enamasondo amabili ethwala umgibeli oyedwa noma ababili, edonswa umuntu ohamba ngezinyawo. Amarikishaw aba yindlela edumile yokuhamba eThekwini (eDurban) eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu edlule. Abadonsi bamarikishaw babegqoka iziqhoko ezinde ezinemibala nobuhlalu, futhi usengababona ogwini lolwandle lwaseThekwini namuhla.
- Amarikishaw ayemahle ohambweni olufushane edolobheni eliminyene.
- Umdonsi wayegijima ngezinyawo, ngakho kwakungumsebenzi onzima kakhulu.
- Namuhla amarikishaw aseThekwini asetshenziselwa kakhulu ubumnandi nezivakashi.
Speaker notes
Leli slayidi lethula uhlobo lwezokuthutha oluvame eNingizimu Afrika okungenzeka abafundi baKwaZulu-Natali baluke balubona. Luphathe ngokucophelela: ukudonsa irikishaw kwakungumsebenzi onzima kakhulu, oholelwa kancane, futhi namuhla amarikishaw agcinwa njengesiko eliziqhenyayo nendawo ekhangayo ezivakashini. Buza abafundi ukuthi kungani irikishaw yayifanele idolobha elimatasa kodwa ingafanele uhambo olude oluwela izwe lonke.
Izitimela zomusi zaziyakwazi ukudonsa imithwalo emikhulu ngokushesha kunanoma yisiphi isilwane.
Isitimela ngumugqa wezinqola oduma ezinsimbini zensimbi (ujantshi) futhi endulo wawudonswa injini yomusi. Ujantshi wokuqala waseNingizimu Afrika wavulwa ngomhla ka 26 June 1860, phakathi kwe Durban ne-Point (ichweba). Okokuqala ngqa, impahla nabantu babengahamba ngokushesha ngojantshi esikhundleni sokuhamba kancane ngenqola.
- Izitimela zaziduma ojantshini, ngakho zazingabhajwa odakeni.
- Injini eyodwa yomusi yayikwazi ukudonsa izinqola eziningi ezisindayo ngasikhathi sinye.
- Izitimela zazishesha kakhulu kunenqola yezinkabi.
Speaker notes
Gxilisa usuku: 26 June 1860, iDurban kuya e-Point. Chaza ukuthi 'i-Point' yichweba, ngakho lo mugqa omfushane wawuxhuma imikhumbi nedolobha. Gcizelela ukweqa kwesivinini nomthwalo uma kuqhathaniswa nenqola yezinkabi kumaslayidi adlule. Le yindawo enhle yokudweba ushintsho ebhodini: inqola (ihamba kancane) bese isitimela (siyashesha).
Ngemva kokutholakala kwedayimane negolide, ojantshi bakhelwa bejula ngaphakathi ezweni.
Ngemva kokutholakala kwedayimane eKimberley (1867) negolide eduze neJohannesburg (1886), izinkulungwane zabantu zazidinga ukuya ngaphakathi ezweni, futhi impahla esindayo kwakufanele ifike ezimayini nasemachwebeni. Ojantshi bakhula ngokushesha. Ujantshi osuka eDurban uya ePietermaritzburg waqedwa ngonyaka we 1880, uxhuma ugu namadolobha akhudlana ngaphakathi.
- Ojantshi baxhuma amachweba nezimayini namadolobha.
- Izitimela zazithwala amalahle, imishini, ukudla nabagibeli.
- Amadolobha amasha neziteshi zakhula eduze nemizila kajantshi.
Speaker notes
Chaza imbangela nomphumela ngokulula: idayimane negolide okuyigugu kwanikeza abantu isizathu esiqinile sokwakha ojantshi bejula ngaphakathi ezweni, futhi ojantshi ngokwabo basiza amadolobha akhula. Yenza izinsuku ezimbili zibe lula (1867 idayimane, 1886 igolide) - iqiniso elibalulekile lezokuthutha ngu-1880 wojantshi osuka eDurban uya ePietermaritzburg. Buza: kungani imayini yayizodinga ujantshi?
Inqola eyayihamba yodwa, ingenalo ihhashi elayidonsa, yamangaza wonke umuntu.
Imoto yasungulwa eJalimane ngasekupheleni kwawo-1800. Enye yezimoto zokuqala eNingizimu Afrika kwakuyi Benz Velo encane, eyayishayelwa eBerea Park e Pretoria ngonyaka we-1897. Abantu babeyibiza ngokuthi 'inqola engenahhashi' ngoba yayihamba yodwa, ngaphandle kwesilwane esiyidonsayo.
- Izimoto zokuqala zazihamba kancane, zibanga umsindo futhi ziphuka njalo.
- Kwakukhona imigwaqo enetiyela embalwa kakhulu ekuqaleni.
- Ngonyaka we-1912 imoto yayithatha izinsuku eziningana ukushayela isuka eJohannesburg iya eDurban.
Speaker notes
Beka isimo: izimoto zokuqala impela zazingavamile, hhayi into eyayiphethwe abantu abaningi. IBenz Velo yango-1897 ePretoria 'iyokuqala' okuhle ukukhumbula. Sebenzisa imininingwane yango-1912 yohambo lwaseJohannesburg kuya eDurban ukukhombisa ukuthi imigwaqo yokuqala yayimibi kangakanani - uhambo oluthatha amahora ambalwa namuhla lwaluthatha izinsuku ngaleso sikhathi. [SME: imininingwane yeBenz Velo yango-1897 / iBerea Park ithathwe emithonjeni yemnyuziyamu (Ditsong), hhayi esihlokweni seSAHO - sicela uyiqinisekise ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa.]
Namuhla iningi labaseNingizimu Afrika lihamba emigwaqweni, ngezimoto eziningi ezehlukene.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imigwaqo enetiyela yakhiwa kulo lonke izwe, kwavela nezinhlobo eziningi zezimoto. Namuhla abantu bahamba ngezimoto, amabhasi, amaloli, izithuthuthu, amabhayisikili namatekisi. Abaningi baseNingizimu Afrika basebenzisa ezokuthutha zomphakathi namatekisi ukuya esikoleni nasemsebenzini nsuku zonke.
- Amaloli athwala impahla eya ezitolo kulo lonke izwe.
- Amabhasi namatekisi athwala abagibeli abaningi ngasikhathi sinye.
- Amabhayisikili nokuhamba ngezinyawo kusabalulekile ohambweni olufushane.
Speaker notes
Xhumanisa umlando nezimpilo zabafundi. Veza ukuthi itekisi lingelinye lezindlela ezivame kakhulu abaseNingizimu Afrika abahamba ngazo namuhla. Cela ikilasi ukuthi libale zonke izinhlobo zezokuthutha zasemgwaqweni elizibone endleleni eya esikoleni. Lokhu kwenza indaba ende yezokuthutha ibonakale ingeyangempela nekhona namuhla.
Indlela entsha kunazo zonke yokuhamba ayiwuthinti nhlobo umhlaba.
Indiza yindlela esheshayo kunazo zonke yokuhamba amabanga amade. Ukundiza kokuqala kwendiza enamandla eNingizimu Afrika kwenziwa u Albert Kimmerling eNahoon, eduze neEast London, ngomhla ka 28 December 1909. Indiza yakhe yokuqala yandiza amamitha ambalwa nje ngaphezu komhlaba, kodwa kwakuwukuqala kokundiza ezweni lethu.
- Izindiza zokuqala zaziyizincane, zilula futhi zazenziwe ngokhuni nendwangu.
- Izindiza zingawela izwe lonke ngamahora ambalwa.
- Namuhla amajethi amakhulu athwala amakhulu abagibeli phakathi kwamadolobha.
Speaker notes
Lokhu kuwukuphela kohambo lwethu ezinhlotsheni zezokuthutha, kusukela kwesihamba kancane kunazo zonke (ukuhamba ngezinyawo) kuya kwesisheshayo kunazo zonke (ukundiza). Gxilisa iqiniso: Albert Kimmerling, eduze neEast London, 28 December 1909. Qaphela ukuthi indiza yakhe yakhuphuka amamitha ambalwa nje - ukugxuma okuncane uma kuqhathaniswa namajethi anamuhla - ukuze abafundi babone ukuthi ukundiza kukhule kangakanani kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.
- Long ago Abantu bahamba ngezinyawo yonke indawo
- Later Izinkabi, amahhashi nezimbongolo zisiza ukuthwala imithwalo
- 1830s Izinqola zezinkabi zihamba kude ngesikhathi seGreat Trek
- 1860 Ujantshi wokuqala: eDurban kuya e-Point
- 1880 Ujantshi ufinyelela ePietermaritzburg
- 1897 Enye yezimoto zokuqala, ePretoria
- 1909 Ukundiza kokuqala kwendiza, eduze neEast London
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa leli slayidi ukubuyekeza yonke indaba ngokulandelana. Funda isinyathelo ngasinye ngokuzwakalayo nekilasi bese ubacela baqaphele iphethini: uhlobo ngalunye olusha lwezokuthutha ngokuvamile lwalushesha, noma lwalukwazi ukuthwala okwengeziwe, kunolwangaphambili. Cela abafundi bakhombe ushintsho olukhulu kunazo zonke - abaningi bazothi isitimela noma indiza.
Ezokuthutha ezingcono azizange nje zihambise abantu ngokushesha - zashintsha indlela ababephila ngayo.
Uhambo olusheshayo
Uhambo olwaluthatha izinsuku eziningi ngezinyawo noma ngenqola lwalungenziwa ngamahora.
Ukuhweba nemisebenzi
Impahla, ukudla nabasebenzi babengafinyelela ezimayini, emapulazini, emachwebeni nasezitolo ezikude.
Amadolobha ayakhula
Amadolobha amasha nemizi yakhula eduze nemizila kajantshi nemigwaqo.
Abantu bayaxhumana
Imindeni nabangane abakude babengavakashelana bathumelelane imiyalezo kalula.
Speaker notes
Phakamisa isifundo kusuka ku'yini' kuya ku'ngakho kwenzenjani'. Veza imiphumela yezokuthutha ezingcono: isikhathi esongiwe, ukuhweba okwenziwe kwaba lula, amadolobha akhula, nabantu abahlala bexhumene. Cela abafundi banikeze isibonelo esisodwa emindenini yabo - ukhona yini oke wahamba ibanga elide ngesitimela, itekisi noma indiza ukuyovakashela izihlobo? Lokhu kuxhuma umlando noshintsho nokuqhubeka ezimpilweni zabo.
Masihlole amagama abalulekile esifundweni sanamuhla.
- Ezokuthutha - indlela abantu nempahla abasuka ngayo kwenye indawo beya kwenye.
- Inqola yezinkabi - inqola yokhuni enamasondo, edonswa iqembu lezinkabi.
- Irikishaw - inqolana elula enamasondo amabili edonswa umuntu.
- Ujantshi - umzila wezinsimbi zensimbi izitimela eziduma kuwo.
- Indiza - umshini ondizayo onamaphiko nenjini.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa lokhu njengokubuyekeza okusheshayo okukhulunywayo ngaphambi kwemibuzo. Funda igama ngalinye bese uvumela ikilasi limemeze noma likhombise ukuthi lisho ukuthini. Uma isikhathi sivuma, cela abafundi babeke amagama amahlanu ngendlela avela ngayo emlandweni (ukuhamba ngezinyawo akubaliwe lapha, kodwa inqola yezinkabi ivela ngaphambi kojantshi, futhi indiza yeza ekugcineni).
Phendula le mibuzo ukuze ukhombise okufundile ngezokuthutha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Sebenza wedwa noma nomlingani. Sebenzisa imisho ephelele.
Q. Bala izindlela ezintathu abantu baseNingizimu Afrika ababehamba ngazo endulo, ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwezimoto. (3 marks)
Q. Wavulwa kuphi nangamuphi unyaka ujantshi wokuqala waseNingizimu Afrika? (2 marks)
Q. Khetha uhlobo olulodwa lwezokuthutha esifundweni bese uchaza indlela olwenza ngayo izimpilo zabantu zaba lula. (5 marks)
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa imibuzo emithathu njengomsebenzi obhaliwe noma ingxoxo yekilasi. Izimpendulo eziphakanyisiwe: (1) noma yiziphi ezintathu kokuhamba ngezinyawo, izinkabi/amahhashi/izimbongolo, inqola yezinkabi, irikishaw, isitimela - yamukela izimpendulo ezinengqondo; (2) iDurban kuya e-Point, ngonyaka we-1860; (3) yamukela noma yisiphi isibonelo esichazwe kahle, isibonelo izitimela zazithwala impahla esindayo ngokushesha, noma izimoto namatekisi kwenza abantu bahambe ibanga elide ukuya emsebenzini. Ukwabiwa kwamamaki kulandela izimpendulo ezimfushane nezelulekayo zohlobo lweCAPS. Vala ngokukhumbuza abafundi ukuthi ezokuthutha zisashintsha nanamuhla.
- Grade
- Grade 4
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- Transport through time
- Resource type
- Presentation