Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika babehamba njani ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye kudala? Masihambe ukusuka ekuhambeni ngeenyawo, ukuya kwizilwanyana, kumavili, koololiwe, kwiimoto nasesibhakabhakeni.
Speaker notes
Yamkele iklasi. Buza umbuzo wokuqalisa okhawulezayo: 'Ufike njani esikolweni namhlanje?' Qokelela iimpendulo ezimbalwa (ndihambe ngeenyawo, iteksi, imoto, ibhasi). Chaza ukuba namhlanje sijonga indlela ezothutho - eyona ndlela abantu neempahla zihamba ngayo ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye - ezitshintshe ngayo kwixesha elide kakhulu eMzantsi Afrika. Yithi siza kulandela ibali ngokulandelelana, ukusuka kweyona ndlela indala (ukuhamba ngeenyawo) ukuya kweyona intsha (ukubhabha).
Ngaphambi kwamavili, iindlela okanye iinjini, abantu babesebenzisa iinyawo zabo zombini.
Olona hlobo lokuqala lwezothutho kukuhamba ngeenyawo. Kangangeminyaka eliwaka, abantu bomazantsi eAfrika babehamba ngeenyawo yonke indawo. Babehamba beyokukha amanzi, beyokuzingela, betyelela usapho, nokufudukela kumhlaba omtsha xa babefuna amadlelo angcono okanye izityalo.
- Ukuhamba ngeenyawo kusimahla kwaye akufuni petroli.
- Abantu babethwala imithwalo ezintloko, emiqolo okanye emagxeni.
- Uhambo olude ngeenyawo lwaluthatha iintsuku ezininzi.
Speaker notes
Gxininisa ukuba ukuhamba ngeenyawo kusayindlela abantu abaninzi abahamba ngayo yonke imihla, nakalokhu. Yenza kucace: cela abafundi bacinge ngokuhamba ngeenyawo usuku lonke ukufikelela kwidolophu elandelayo, kungekho moto kungekho venkile endleleni. Oku kubanceda beve ukuba kutheni nayiphi na indlela ekhawulezayo yokuhamba yayilutshintsho olukhulu kangaka.
Abantu bafunda ukusebenzisa izilwanyana ezomeleleyo ukuze zibathwale kwaye zitsale imithwalo enzima.
Abantu baqala ukusebenzisa izilwanyana ezinjenge nkabi, amahashe needonki. Inkabi enamandla yayikwazi ukutsala umthwalo onzima, kwaye ihashe lalikwazi ukuthwala umkhweli ngokukhawuleza. Oku kwakuthetha ukuba abantu neempahla babekwazi ukuhamba umgama omde kunokuba umntu ahambe eyedwa.
- Iinkabi zazicotha kodwa zomelele kakhulu - zilungele ukutsala.
- Amahashe ayekhawuleza - alungele ukukhwelwa nokuthwala imiyalezo.
- Iidonki neemeyile zazithwala imithwalo kwiindlela ezirhabaxa.
Speaker notes
Bonisa umsantsa abafundi ekufuneka bewuqaphele kuyo yonke le sifundo: ezinye iindidi zezothutho zomelele kodwa zicotha (iinkabi), ezinye zikhawuleza kodwa zithwala okuncinci (amahashe). Buza ukuba yisiphi isilwanyana abangasikhethayo ukuthwala umthwalo onzima wombona, kunye nokuba yesiphi ukuthwala umyalezo ongxamisekileyo. Oku kwakha umbono wokuba lonke uhlobo olutsha lwezothutho lwalusombulula ingxaki.
Xa abantu bahlanganisa amavili neenkabi, babekwazi ukuthwala iintsapho zonke kunye nazo zonke izinto zabo.
I nqwelo-nkabi yayiyinqwelo enkulu yomthi ekumavili, etsalwa liqela leenkabi. Iinqwelo zazikwazi ukuthwala imithwalo enzima kumigama emide. Ngexesha lo Mkhosi Omkhulu (Great Trek) ngeminyaka yee-1830 nee-1840, iintsapho zamaVoortrekker zazithwesa iinqwelo-nkabi zaza zahamba zangena kude ngaphakathi kwelizwe, zinqumla iintaba nemilambo.
- Iqela leenkabi ezininzi lalitsala inqwelo enye enzima.
- Iinqwelo zazihamba ngokucotha, iikhilomitha ezimbalwa nje ngosuku.
- Kwakungekho zindlela zetha - zazikho iindlela ezirhabaxa neendawo ezivulekileyo zeveld kuphela.
Speaker notes
Inqwelo-nkabi ngumzekelo omhle wokudibanisa izimvo ezimbini - ivili namandla esilwanyana - ukwenza into engcono kunazo zombini. Qaphela uMkhosi Omkhulu (Great Trek) njengesiganeko soqobo saseMzantsi Afrika apho iinqwelo-nkabi zabaluleka khona. Yigcine ilula ilingana nobudala: injongo apha yezothutho, inqwelo, nokuba yayicotha kangakanani, hayi ipolitiki ebanzi yoMkhosi Omkhulu. [SME: qinisekisa indlela oyithandayo yokuchaza uMkhosi Omkhulu kwiBanga lesi-4.]
Kwisixeko esixakekileyo saseThekwini, abantu babekhwela iinqwelo ezinamavili amabini ezitsalwa ngumntu obalekayo.
I rikshaw yinqwelo elula enamavili amabini ethwala umkhweli omnye okanye ababini kwaye itsalwa ngumntu ohamba ngeenyawo. Iirikshaw zaba yindlela edumileyo yokuhambahamba eThekwini ngaphaya kweminyaka elikhulu edlulileyo. Abatsali beerikshaw babenxiba iziqhoboshelo entloko ezinde nezinemibala, kunye nobuhlalu, kwaye usenokubabona nangoku kwiindawo zolwandle zaseThekwini.
- Iirikshaw zazilungele uhambo olufutshane kwidolophu exakekileyo.
- Umtsali wayebaleka ngeenyawo, ngoko yayingumsebenzi onzima kakhulu.
- Namhlanje iirikshaw zaseThekwini zezolonwabo neentyeleli kakhulu.
Speaker notes
Esi silayidi sizisa uhlobo lwezothutho olukhethekileyo lwaseMzantsi Afrika abafundi baseKwaZulu-Natal abasenokuba balubonile. Luphathe ngobunono: ukutsala irikshaw yayingumsebenzi onzima kakhulu, ohlawula kancinci, kwaye namhlanje iirikshaw zigcinwa njengesithethe senkcubeko esiziqhenyayo netarhu leentyeleli. Buza abafundi ukuba kutheni irikshaw yayilungele idolophu exakekileyo kodwa ingalungelanga uhambo olude kulo lonke ilizwe.
Oololiwe bomphunga babekwazi ukutsala imithwalo emikhulu ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu kwaso nasiphi na isilwanyana.
U loliwe ngumgca weenqwelo ohamba kwiindlela zentsimbi (irails) kwaye kudala wawutsalwa yinjini yomphunga. Umgca kaloliwe wokuqala waseMzantsi Afrika wavulwa nge 26 kaJuni 1860, phakathi kwe Theku (Durban) neThontsi (Point) (izibuko). Okokuqala, iimpahla nabantu babekwazi ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwiindlela zentsimbi endaweni yokuhamba ngokucotha ngenqwelo.
- Oololiwe babehamba kwiindlela zentsimbi, ngoko babengabhaji eludakeni.
- Injini enye yomphunga yayikwazi ukutsala iinqwelo ezininzi ezinzima ngaxeshanye.
- Oololiwe babekhawuleza kakhulu kunenqwelo-nkabi.
Speaker notes
Bhentsisa umhla: 26 kaJuni 1860, ukusuka eThekwini ukuya eThontsi (Point). Chaza ukuba 'iThontsi' (the Point) sisibuko, ngoko lo mgca umfutshane wawudibanisa iinqanawa nedolophu. Gxininisa ukwenyuka kwesantya nomthwalo xa kuthelekiswa nenqwelo-nkabi kwizilayidi ezidlulileyo. Le yindawo entle yokuzoba utshintsho ebhodini: inqwelo (icotha) uze uloliwe (ukhawuleza).
Emva kokufunyanwa kweedayimani negolide, iindlela zoololiwe zakhiwa kude ngaphakathi kwelizwe.
Emva kokuba kufunyanwe iidayimani eKimberley (1867) negolide kufuphi neRhawutini/eGoli (Johannesburg) (1886), amawaka abantu kwakufuneka afudukele ngaphakathi kwelizwe, kwaye iimpahla ezinzima zazifanele ukufikelela kwiimayini nakwizibuko. Iindlela zoololiwe zakhula ngokukhawuleza. Umgca osuka e Theku (Durban) ukuya eMgungundlovu (Pietermaritzburg) wagqitywa ngo 1880, udibanisa unxweme nezidolophu ezingaphakathi.
- Iindlela zoololiwe zazidibanisa izibuko neemayini nezixeko.
- Oololiwe babethwala amalahle, oomatshini, ukutya nabakhweli.
- Izidolophu ezintsha neziteshi zakhula ecaleni kweendlela zoololiwe.
Speaker notes
Chaza unobangela nesiphumo ngokulula: iidayimani negolide ezixabisekileyo zanika abantu isizathu esomeleleyo sokwakha iindlela zoololiwe kude ngaphakathi, kwaye iindlela zoololiwe zona zanceda izidolophu nezixeko zakhula. Yigcine ilula imihla emibini (1867 iidayimani, 1886 igolide) - eyona nyani ibalulekileyo yezothutho ngu-1880 womgca weTheku ukuya eMgungundlovu. Buza: kutheni imayini yayifuna umgca kaloliwe?
Inqwelo eyayihamba ngokwayo, kungekho hashe liyitsalayo, yothusa wonke umntu.
I moto yasungulwa eJamani ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1800. Enye yeemoto zokuqala eMzantsi Afrika yaba yiBenz Velo encinci, eyaqhutywa eBerea Park e Pretoria ngo-1897. Abantu bayibiza ngokuba 'yinqwelo engenahashe' kuba yayihamba ngokwayo, kungekho silwanyana siyitsalayo.
- Iimoto zamandulo zazicotha, zenza ingxolo kwaye zazidla ngokuphuka.
- Kwakukho iindlela ezimbalwa kakhulu ezinetha ekuqaleni.
- Ngo-1912 imoto yathatha iintsuku ezininzi ukuqhuba isuka eRhawutini (Johannesburg) ukuya eThekwini.
Speaker notes
Beka umboniso: iimoto zokuqala kanye zazingumangaliso onqabileyo, hayi into eyayinabantu abaninzi. IBenz Velo yango-1897 ePretoria yeyona 'yokuqala' entle yokuyikhumbula. Sebenzisa inkcukacha ka-1912 yohambo lwaseRhawutini ukuya eThekwini ukubonisa ukuba iindlela zamandulo zazimbi kangakanani - uhambo oluthatha iiyure ezimbalwa namhlanje lwaluthatha iintsuku. [SME: inkcukacha yeBenz Velo yango-1897 / iBerea Park ithathwe kwimithombo yemyuziyam (Ditsong), hayi kwinqaku leSAHO - nceda uyiqinisekise phambi kwemveliso.]
Namhlanje uninzi lwabantu baseMzantsi Afrika luhamba ngeendlela, kwiindidi ezininzi zezithuthi.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iindlela ezinetha zakhiwa kulo lonke ilizwe, kwaye kwavela iindidi ezininzi zezithuthi. Namhlanje abantu bahamba nge moto, iibhasi, iilori, izithuthuthu, iibhayisekile neeteksi ezincinci (minibus). Uninzi lwabantu baseMzantsi Afrika lusebenzisa uthutho lukawonke-wonke neeteksi ukuya esikolweni nasemsebenzini yonke imihla.
- Iilori zithwala iimpahla ukuya kwiivenkile kulo lonke ilizwe.
- Iibhasi neeteksi ezincinci zithwala abakhweli abaninzi ngaxeshanye.
- Iibhayisekile nokuhamba ngeenyawo kusabalulekile kuhambo olufutshane.
Speaker notes
Dibanisa imbali nobomi babafundi. Bonisa ukuba iteksi encinci (minibus) yenye yeyona ndlela iqhelekileyo abantu baseMzantsi Afrika abahamba ngayo namhlanje. Cela iklasi ibale zonke iindidi zezothutho zeendlela ezizibonileyo endleleni yokuya esikolweni. Oku kwenza eli bali lide lezothutho luve loqobo lukhoyo.
Eyona ndlela intsha yokuhamba ayiwuchukumisi nokuwuchukumisa umhlaba.
I nqwelo-moya yeyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokuhamba imigama emide. Ukubhabha kokuqala ngenqwelo-moya enamandla eMzantsi Afrika kwenziwa ngu Albert Kimmerling eNahoon, kufuphi ne Monti (East London), nge 28 kaDisemba 1909. Inqwelo-moya yakhe yamandulo yabhabha nje iimitha ezimbalwa phezu komhlaba, kodwa yayiyintlahlela yokubhabha kwilizwe lethu.
- Iinqwelo-moya zamandulo zazincinci, zilula kwaye zenziwe ngomthi nelaphu.
- Iinqwelo-moya zingawela lonke ilizwe ngeeyure ezimbalwa.
- Namhlanje iijeti ezinkulu zithwala amakhulu abakhweli phakathi kwezixeko.
Speaker notes
Esi sisiphelo sohambo lwethu ngeendidi zezothutho, ukusuka kweyona icothayo (ukuhamba ngeenyawo) ukuya kweyona ikhawulezayo (ukubhabha). Bhentsisa inyani: Albert Kimmerling, kufuphi neMonti (East London), 28 kaDisemba 1909. Qaphela ukuba inqwelo-moya yakhe yenyuka nje iimitha ezimbalwa - ukutsiba okuncinci xa kuthelekiswa neejeti zanamhlanje - ukuze abafundi babone ukuba ukubhabha kukhule kangakanani ukusukela ngoko.
- Long ago Abantu bahamba ngeenyawo yonke indawo
- Later Iinkabi, amahashe needonki zinceda ukuthwala imithwalo
- 1830s Iinqwelo-nkabi zihamba kude ngexesha loMkhosi Omkhulu (Great Trek)
- 1860 Umgca kaloliwe wokuqala: iTheku ukuya eThontsi (Point)
- 1880 Umgca kaloliwe ufikelela eMgungundlovu (Pietermaritzburg)
- 1897 Enye yeemoto zokuqala, ePretoria
- 1909 Ukubhabha kokuqala ngenqwelo-moya, kufuphi neMonti (East London)
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa esi silayidi ukuphinda lonke ibali ngokulandelelana. Funda inyathelo ngalinye ngokuvakalayo neklasi kwaye ubacele baqaphele ipatheni: uhlobo ngalunye olutsha lwezothutho lwalusoloko lukhawuleza, okanye lukwazi ukuthwala okungakumbi, kunolo lwaluphambi kwalo. Cela abafundi bakhombe olona tshintsho lukhulu - abaninzi baya kuthi nguloliwe okanye inqwelo-moya.
Ezothutho ezingcono azizange zishukumise abantu ngokukhawuleza kuphela - zatshintsha nendlela ababephila ngayo.
Uhambo olukhawulezayo
Uhambo olwaluthatha iintsuku ezininzi ngeenyawo okanye ngenqwelo lwalunokwenziwa ngeeyure.
Urhwebo nemisebenzi
Iimpahla, ukutya nabasebenzi babekwazi ukufikelela kwiimayini, kumafama, kwizibuko nakwiivenkile ezikude.
Izidolophu ziyakhula
Izidolophu nezixeko ezintsha zakhula ecaleni kweendlela zoololiwe neendlela.
Abantu bayadibana
Iintsapho nabahlobo abakude babekwazi ukutyelelana nokuthumelelana imiyalezo ngokulula.
Speaker notes
Phakamisa isifundo ukusuka 'kwintoni' ukuya 'kutheni loo nto'. Veza iziphumo zezothutho ezingcono: ixesha eligcinwayo, urhwebo olwenziwa lula, izidolophu ezikhulayo, nabantu abahlala bedibene. Cela abafundi banike umzekelo omnye kusapho lwabo - ukhona na oke wahamba umgama omde ngolowe, iteksi okanye inqwelo-moya ukuya kutyelela izalamane? Oku kudibanisa imbali notshintsho noqhubekeko kubomi babo.
Masijonge amagama abalulekileyo esifundo sanamhlanje.
- Ezothutho (Transport) - indlela abantu neempahla abahamba ngayo ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye.
- Inqwelo-nkabi (Ox-wagon) - inqwelo yomthi ekumavili, etsalwa liqela leenkabi.
- Irikshaw (Rickshaw) - inqwelo elula enamavili amabini etsalwa ngumntu.
- Indlela kaloliwe (Railway) - umgca weendlela zentsimbi ahamba kuwo oololiwe.
- Inqwelo-moya (Aeroplane) - umatshini obhabhayo onamaphiko nenjini.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa oku njengophindaphindo olukhawulezayo lomlomo ngaphambi kwemibuzo. Funda igama ngalinye uze uvumele iklasi imemeze okanye ibonise ukuba lithetha ntoni. Ukuba ixesha livuma, cela abafundi babeke amagama amahlanu ngokulandelelana awavela ngalo embalini (ukuhamba ngeenyawo akudweliswanga apha, kodwa inqwelo-nkabi ize ngaphambi kwendlela kaloliwe, kwaye inqwelo-moya yeyokugqibela).
Phendula le mibuzo ukubonisa oko ukufundileyo ngezothutho ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Sebenza uwedwa okanye neqabane lakho. Sebenzisa izivakalisi ezipheleleyo.
Q. Khankanya iindlela ezintathu abantu baseMzantsi Afrika ababehamba ngazo kudala, phambi kokusungulwa kweemoto. (3 marks)
Q. Wavulwa phi kwaye ngawuphi unyaka umgca kaloliwe wokuqala waseMzantsi Afrika? (2 marks)
Q. Khetha uhlobo olunye lwezothutho kwesi sifundo uze uchaze indlela olwenza ngayo ubomi babantu balula. (5 marks)
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa le mibuzo mithathu njengomsebenzi obhaliweyo okanye ingxoxo yeklasi. Iimpendulo ezicetyiswayo: (1) nayiphi na emithathu kukuhamba ngeenyawo, iinkabi/amahashe/iidonki, inqwelo-nkabi, irikshaw, uloliwe - yamkela iimpendulo ezinengqiqo; (2) iTheku ukuya eThontsi (Point), ngo-1860; (3) yamkela nawuphi na umzekelo ochazwe kakuhle, umzekelo oololiwe babethwala imithwalo enzima ngokukhawuleza, okanye iimoto neeteksi zavumela abantu ukuba bahambe umgama omde ukuya emsebenzini. Ukwabiwa kweenqaku kulandela iimpendulo ezimfutshane nezandisiweyo ngokwesimbo seCAPS. Vala ngokukhumbuza abafundi ukuba ezothutho zisatshintsha nanamhlanje.
- Grade
- Grade 4
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- Transport through time
- Resource type
- Presentation