Bantfu baseNingizimu Afrika bebahamba njani kusuka kwenye indzawo baye kulenye kadzeni? Asihambe kusukela ekuhambeni ngetinyawo, kuya etilwaneni, kumasondvo, kusitimela, kutimoto ngisho nasesibhakabhakeni.
Speaker notes
Yemukela liklasi. Buta umbuto lomncane wekucala: 'Ufike njani esikolweni lamuhla?' Cocelela timphendvulo letimbalwa (ngekuhamba ngetinyawo, ngethekisi, ngemoto, ngebhasi). Chaza kutsi lamuhla sibuka kutsi kutfutsa - indlela bantfu nempahla labahamba ngayo kusuka kwenye indzawo baye kulenye - kushintje njani esikhatsini lesidze kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika. Tsi sitawulandzela lendzaba ngekulandzelana, kusukela endleleni lendzala kakhulu (kuhamba ngetinyawo) kuya kuleyensha (kundiza).
Ngaphambi kwemasondvo, imigwaco nome tinjini, bantfu bebasebentisa tinyawo tabo totimbili.
Luhlobo lolundzala kakhulu lwekutfutsa kuhamba ngetinyawo. Iminyaka leyinkhulungwane, bantfu baseNingizimu ye-Afrika bebahamba ngetinyawo yonkhe indzawo. Bebahamba bayotsapha emanti, bayotingela, bayovakashela emndeni nekutfutsela emhlabeni lomusha nabadzinga lidlelo nome titjalo letingcono.
- Kuhamba ngetinyawo kumahhala futsi akudzingi luphetroli.
- Bantfu bebatfwala imitfwalo emakhanda, emhlana nome emahlombe abo.
- Luhambo loludze ngetinyawo beludzinga emalanga lamanyenti.
Speaker notes
Gcizelela kutsi kuhamba ngetinyawo kusengiyo indlela lebantfu labanyenti labahamba ngayo onkhe emalanga, ngisho nalamuhla. Yenta kucace: cela bafundzi kutsi bacabange bahamba ngetinyawo lilanga lonkhe kuze bafike edolobheni lelilandzelako, bangenamoto nangenasitolo endleleni. Loku kubasita kutsi bave kutsi kungani nome ngukuphi kuhamba lokusheshako bekungueshintjo lelikhulu kangaka.
Bantfu bafundza kusebentisa tilwane letinemandla kutsi titfwale nekudvonsa imitfwalo lesindzako.
Bantfu bacala kusebentisa tilwane letifana netinkhabi, emahhashi netimbongolo. Inkhabi lenemandla beyikhona kudvonsa umtfwalo losindzako, lihhashi lona belikhona kutfwala umgibeli ngekushesha. Loku bekusho kutsi bantfu nempahla bebangahamba libanga lelidze kunaloko lomuntfu labengahamba khona ayedvwana.
- Tinkhabi betihamba kancane kodvwa tinemandla kakhulu - tilungele kudvonsa.
- Emahhashi bewasheshisa - alungele kugitjelwa nekutfwala imibiko.
- Timbongolo netimeyila betitfwala imitfwalo etindleleni letimatje.
Speaker notes
Khombisa lokuncanywa lokufanele bafundzi bakubone kuyo yonkhe lensfundvo: letinye tinhlobo tekutfutsa tinemandla kodvwa tihamba kancane (tinkhabi), letinye tiyashesha kodvwa titfwala kancane (emahhashi). Buta kutsi ngusiphi silwane bebatawukhetsa kutfwala umtfwalo losindzako wemmbila, nekutsi ngusiphi kutfwala umbiko lophutfumako. Loku kwakha umbono wekutsi lonkhe luhlobo lolusha lwekutfutsa belucatulula inkinga.
Nabantfu bahlanganisa emasondvo netinkhabi, bebakhona kutfwala imindeni yonkhe kanye nayo yonkhe imphahla yabo.
Inqola yetinkhabi beyiyinqola lenkhulu yesigodvo lesemasondvweni, ledvonswa liciniso letinkhabi. Tinqola betikhona kutfwala imitfwalo lesindzako emabangeni lamadze. Ngesikhatsi se-Great Trek ngeminyaka yaba-1830 naba-1840, imindeni yema-Voortrekker beyilayisha tinqola tetinkhabi ihambe ishone shona ngekhatsi enarteni, iwela tintaba nemifula.
- Liciniso letinkhabi letinyenti belidvonsa inqola yinye lesindzako.
- Tinqola betihamba kancane, emakhilomitha lambalwa kuphela ngelilanga.
- Bekungekho imigwaco yethiyela - bekunetindlela letimatje kanye netsafu levulekile.
Speaker notes
Inqola yetinkhabi isibonelo lesihle sekuhlanganisa imibono lemibili - lisondvo kanye nemandla esilwane - kuze kwentiwe intfo lengcono kunaleyo yinye yodvwa. Caphela i-Great Trek njengesigameko sangempela saseNingizimu Afrika lapho tinqola tetinkhabi betibaluleke khona. Kugcine kulula futsi kufanele budzala bebafundzi: lokugcizelelwe lapha kukutfutsa, inqola, nekutsi beyihamba kancane kanjani, hhayi tepolitiki letibanti te-Trek. [SME: cinisekisa indlela yekwetfula i-Great Trek loyifunako eBangeni 4.]
Edolobheni lelimatasatasa laseThekwini, bantfu bebagibela etinqoleni letinemasondvo lamabili letidvonswa ngumuntfu logijimako.
I-riksho yinqola lelula lenemasondvo lamabili letfwala umgibeli munye nome lababili futsi idvonswa ngumuntfu lohamba ngetinyawo. Emariksho aba yindlela ledvumile yekuhambahamba eThekwini eminyakeni lengetulu kwelikhulu leyendlulile. Labadvonsa emariksho bebagcoka tembatfo tasekhanda letidze letinemibala nemhlobiso wemabhilidi, futsi usengababona nalamuhla ogwini lweThekwini.
- Emariksho bekamnandzi ekuhambeni lokufishane edolobheni leligcwele bantfu.
- Lodvonsako bekagijima ngetinyawo, ngako bekungumsebenti lolukhuni kakhulu.
- Lamuhla emariksho aseThekwini asetiwentela injabulo kanye netivakashi.
Speaker notes
Lesibuko sikhombisa luhlobo lwekutfutsa loluhlukile lwaseNingizimu Afrika lebafundzi baseKwaZulu-Natal labangahle babe babubone. Kuphatse ngekucabanga: kudvonsa i-riksho bekungumsebenti lolukhuni kakhulu, lohholwa kancane, futsi lamuhla emariksho agcinwa njengelisiko leliligcugcutela nendzawo yekukhanga tivakashi. Buta bafundzi kutsi kungani i-riksho beyifanele idolobha lelimatasatasa kodvwa hhayi luhambo loludze kuwelela live lonkhe.
Titimela tesitimu betikhona kudvonsa imitfwalo lemikhulu ngekushesha kwendlula naliphi silwane.
Sitimela ludvwendvwe lwetinqola letihamba etinsimbini tensimbi (rails) futsi kadzeni betidvonswa yinjini yesitimu. Umugca wekucala wesitimela eNingizimu Afrika wavulwa nga-26 June 1860, emkhatsini we-Durban ne-Point (itheku). Kwakhona kwekucala, imphahla nebantfu bebangahamba ngekushesha etinsimbini kunekuhamba kancane ngenqola.
- Titimela betihamba etinsimbini (rails), ngako betingabhajwa edzakeni.
- Injini yinye yesitimu beyikhona kudvonsa tinqola letinyenti letisindzako ngesikhatsi sinye.
- Titimela betisheshisa kakhulu kwendlula inqola yetinkhabi.
Speaker notes
Bambelela elusukwini: 26 June 1860, Durban kuya e-Point. Chaza kutsi 'i-Point' litheku, ngako lomugca lomfishane bewuhlanganisa imikhumbi nedolobha. Gcizelela leshintjo lelikhulu kumandla ekushesha nemtfwalo nawucatsanisa nenqola yetinkhabi etibukweni letendlulile. Le yindzawo lenhle yekudvweba loko kushintja ebhodini: inqola (kancane) bese sitimela (masinyane).
Kwatsi nakutfolwa emadayimane negolide, tinsimbi tesitimela takhelwa shona ngekhatsi enarteni.
Ngemuva kwekutsi kutfolwe emadayimane eKimberley (1867) negolide edvutane neJohannesburg (1886), tinkhulungwane tebantfu betidzinga kutfutsela ngekhatsi enarteni, futsi imphahla lesindzako kwakumele ifike etimayini nasematsekwini. Tinsimbi tesitimela takhula ngekushesha. Umugca losuka Durban uye ePietermaritzburg waphetfwa nga-1880, uhlanganisa lugu nemadolobha lasekhatsi enarteni.
- Tinsimbi tesitimela betihlanganisa lamatsekwe netimayini nemadolobha.
- Titimela betitfwala emalahle, imishini, kudla nebagibeli.
- Emadolobha lamasha netiteshi takhula eceleni kwemigca yesitimela.
Speaker notes
Chaza imbangela nemphumela ngendlela lelula: emadayimane negolide lokuligugu kwanika bantfu sizatfu lesicinile sekwakha tinsimbi tesitimela shona ngekhatsi enarteni, futsi tinsimbi tesitimela nato tasita emadolobha kutsi akhule. Gcina tinsuku letimbili tilula (1867 emadayimane, 1886 golide) - liciniso lelibalulekile lekutfutsa ngu-1880 ngemugca wase-Durban kuya ePietermaritzburg. Buta: kungani imayini beyingadzinga sitimela?
Inqola lebeyihamba yodvwa, ingenalihhashi leliyidvonsako, yamangalisa wonkhe umuntfu.
Imoto yasungulwa eGermany ngasekupheleni kwaba-1800. Yinye yetimoto tekucala eNingizimu Afrika bekuyi-Benz Velo lencane, leyashayelwa eBerea Park e-Pretoria nga-1897. Bantfu bebayibita ngekutsi 'yinqola lengenalihhashi' ngobe beyihamba yodvwa, ngaphandle kwesilwane lesiyidvonsako.
- Timoto tekucala betihamba kancane, tibanga umsindvo futsi betivama kumeletela.
- Ekucaleni bekunemigwaco yethiyela lembalwa kakhulu.
- Nga-1912 imoto beyitsatsa emalanga lambalwa kushayela isuka eJohannesburg iye eThekwini.
Speaker notes
Beka simo: timoto tekucala impela bekutintfo letingcatja, hhayi lokutsite bantfu labanyenti bebanako. I-Benz Velo ya-1897 ePretoria 'yekucala' lenhle kutsi uyikhumbule. Sebentisa lomniningwane wa-1912 wase-Johannesburg kuya eThekwini kukhombisa kutsi imigwaco yakucala beyimbi kangakanani - luhambo lolutsatsa emahora lambalwa lamuhla ngaleso sikhatsi beluttsatsa emalanga. [SME: lomniningwane we-Benz Velo ya-1897 / Berea Park utfolakala emitfombeni yemamuziyamu (Ditsong), hhayi ku-athikili ye-SAHO - sicela ucinisekise ngaphambi kwekukhicita.]
Lamuhla iningi lemaNingizimu Afrika lihamba emigwacweni, ngetimoto letehlukene letinyenti.
Ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi, kwakhelwa imigwaco yethiyela kulo lonkhe live, futsi kwavela tinhlobo letinyenti tetimoto. Lamuhla bantfu bahamba nge-timoto, emabhasi, emaloli, tinjomane (motorbikes), emabhayisikili kanye nemathekisi lamancane. MaNingizimu Afrika lamanyenti asebentisa titfutfo temphakatsi nemathekisi kuze afike esikolweni nasemsebentini onkhe emalanga.
- Emaloli atfwala imphahla emitolo kulo lonkhe live.
- Emabhasi nemathekisi lamancane atfwala bagibeli labanyenti ngesikhatsi sinye.
- Emabhayisikili nekuhamba ngetinyawo kusabalulekile ekuhambeni lokufishane.
Speaker notes
Hlanganisa umlandvo nekuphila kwebafundzi ngekwabo. Khombisa kutsi ithekisi lelincane yenye yetindlela letivame kakhulu maNingizimu Afrika lahamba ngato lamuhla. Cela liklasi litse ligagule tonkhe tinhlobo tekutfutsa temgwaco letiyibonile endleleni leya esikolweni. Loku kwenta indzaba lendze yekutfutsa ive yangempela nekhona.
Indlela lensha kakhulu yekuhamba ayiwutsintsi nakancane umhlaba.
Indiza yindlela lesheshisa kakhulu yekuhamba emabanga lamadze. Indiza yekucala lenenjini yandiza eNingizimu Afrika yendizwa ngu-Albert Kimmerling eNahoon, edvutane ne-East London, nga-28 December 1909. Indiza yakhe yekucala yandiza emamitha lambalwa kuphela ngetulu kwemhlaba, kodvwa bekusicalo sekundiza eveni lakitsi.
- Tindiza tekucala betincane, tilula futsi tentiwe ngesigodvo nendvwangu.
- Tindiza tingawelela live lonkhe emahoreni lambalwa.
- Lamuhla tindiza letinkhulu (emajethi) titfwala bagibeli labamakhulu emkhatsini wemadolobha.
Speaker notes
Loku kuluphetselo lweluhambo lwetfu ngetinhlobo tekutfutsa, kusukela kuleyihamba kancane kakhulu (kuhamba ngetinyawo) kuya kuleyisheshisa kakhulu (kundiza). Bambelela eliciniso: Albert Kimmerling, edvutane ne-East London, 28 December 1909. Caphela kutsi indiza yakhe yenyuka emamitha lambalwa kuphela - lokuncane kakhulu nawucatsanisa nemajethi alamuhla - ngako bafundzi babona kutsi kundiza kukhule kangakanani kusukela ngaleso sikhatsi.
- Long ago Bantfu bahamba ngetinyawo yonkhe indzawo
- Later Tinkhabi, emahhashi netimbongolo tisita kutfwala imitfwalo
- 1830s Tinqola tetinkhabi tihamba libanga lelidze ngesikhatsi se-Great Trek
- 1860 Sitimela sekucala: Durban kuya e-Point
- 1880 Sitimela sifinyelela ePietermaritzburg
- 1897 Yinye yetimoto tekucala, ePretoria
- 1909 Indiza yekucala, edvutane ne-East London
Speaker notes
Sebentisa lesibuko kubuketa yonkhe indzaba ngekulandzelana. Fundza sitep ngasinye ngelivi lelivakalako nemklasi bese ubacela kutsi baphawule iphetheni: lonkhe luhlobo lolusha lwekutfutsa beluvame kusheshisa, nome beluktfwala kakhulu, kwendlula lolwandulele. Cela bafundzi bakhombe leshintjo lelikhulu kunako konkhe - labanyenti batawutsi sitimela nome indiza.
Kutfutsa lokungcono akuzange kuphela kuhambise bantfu ngekushesha - kwashintja indlela lababephila ngayo.
Tuhambo letisheshako
Tuhambo letake tatsatsa emalanga lamanyenti ngetinyawo nome ngenqola betingentiwa emahoreni.
Kuhweba nemisebenti
Imphahla, kudla nebasebenti bebangafika etimayini, emapulazini, ematsekwini nasemitolo lekhashane.
Emadolobha ayakhula
Emadolobha lamasha khula eceleni kwemigca yesitimela nemigwaco.
Bantfu bayahlangana
Imindeni nebangani labakhashane bebangavakashelana nekutfumelelana imibiko kalula.
Speaker notes
Phakamisa lensfundvo kusuka ku-'yini' uye ku-'ngako kwentini'. Veta imiphumela yekutfutsa lokungcono: sikhatsi lesongiwe, kuhweba lokwentiwe kwaba lula, emadolobha lakhulako, nebantfu labahlala bahlangene. Cela bafundzi banikeze sibonelo sinye lesivela emndenini wabo - ngabe kukhona lowake wahamba libanga lelidze ngesitimela, ngethekisi nome ngendiza ayovakashela tihlobo? Loku kuhlanganisa umlandvo nekushintja nekuchubeka ekuphileni kwabo.
Asihlole emagama labalulekile ensfundvweni yalamuhla.
- Kutfutsa - indlela bantfu nempahla labahamba ngayo kusuka kwenye indzawo baye kulenye.
- Inqola yetinkhabi - inqola yesigodvo lesemasondvweni, ledvonswa liciniso letinkhabi.
- Riksho - inqola lelula lenemasondvo lamabili ledvonswa ngumuntfu.
- Umugca wesitimela - indlela yetinsimbi tensimbi lapho titimela tihamba khona.
- Indiza - umshini londizako lonemaphiko nenjini.
Speaker notes
Sebentisa loku njengekubuketa lokusheshako ngekukhuluma ngaphambi kwemibuto. Fundza ligama ngalinye bese uvumela liklasi limemete nome likhombise kutsi lisho kutsini. Nangabe sikhatsi sivuma, cela bafundzi babeke lamagama lasihlanu ngekulandzelana kwawo emlandzweni (kuhamba ngetinyawo akubhalwanga lapha, kodvwa inqola yetinkhabi ita ngaphambi kwemugca wesitimela, futsi indiza yona isekugcineni).
Phendvula lemibuto kukhombisa loko lokufundzile ngekutfutsa ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi.
Sebenta wedvwa nome nemngani. Sebentisa imisho lephelele.
Q. Bala tindlela letintsatfu bantfu baseNingizimu Afrika lababehamba ngato kadzeni, ngaphambi kwekutsi kusungulwe timoto. (3 marks)
Q. Umugca wekucala wesitimela waseNingizimu Afrika wavulwa kuphi nangamuphi umnyaka? (2 marks)
Q. Khetsa luhlobo lunye lwekutfutsa kulensfundvo bese uchaza kutsi lwentela njani kuphila kwebantfu kwaba lula. (5 marks)
Speaker notes
Sebentisa lemibuto lemitsatfu njengemsebenti lobhaliwe nome ingcoco yeklasi. Timphendvulo letiphakanyisiwe: (1) noma ngutiphi letintsatfu kwekuhamba ngetinyawo, tinkhabi/emahhashi/timbongolo, inqola yetinkhabi, riksho, sitimela - yemukela timphendvulo letinengcondvo; (2) Durban kuya e-Point, nga-1860; (3) yemukela nasiphi sibonelo lesichazwe kahle, sibonelo titimela betitfwala imphahla lesindzako ngekushesha, nome timoto nemathekisi kwavumela bantfu kutsi bahambe libanga lelidze baye emsebentini. Kwabiwa kwemamaki kulandzela indlela ye-CAPS yetimphendvulo letimfishane naletendlulisiwe. Vala ngekukhumbuta bafundzi kutsi kutfutsa kusashintja nalamuhla.
- Grade
- Grade 4
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- Transport through time
- Resource type
- Presentation