Kade, abantu beSewula Afrika bebakhamba njani basuka kenye indawo baye kenye? Asikhambeni kusukela ekukhambeni ngeenyawo, siye eenlwaneni, emavilini, eesitimeleni, eemotweni ngitjho nesibhakabhakeni.
Speaker notes
Yamukela ikilasi. Buza umbuzo omfitjhani wokuvula: 'Ufike njani esikolweni namhlanjesi?' Buthelela iimpendulo ezimbalwa (ngeenyawo, ngethekisi, ngemoto, ngebhesi). Hlathulula bona namhlanjesi siqala bona ukuthutha - indlela abantu neempahla abakhamba ngayo basuka kenye indawo baye kenye - kutjhugulukile njani esikhathini eside khulu eSewula Afrika. Tjho bona sizokulandela indaba ngokulandelana, kusukela endleleni edala khulu (ukukhamba ngeenyawo) siye endleleni etjha khulu (ukubhabha).
Ngaphambi kwamavili, iindlela namtjhana iimjini, abantu bebasebenzisa iinyawo zabo zombili.
Uhlobo lokuthutha oludala khulu kukukhamba ngeenyawo. Iminyaka eziinkulungwana, abantu beSewula Afrika bebakhamba yoke indawo ngeenyawo. Bebakhamba bayokukha amanzi, bazingele, bavakatjhele umndeni, begodu bafuduke baye enarheni etjha nabatlhoga idlelo elingcono namtjhana amasimu.
- Ukukhamba ngeenyawo kumahala begodu akutlhogi ipetroli.
- Abantu bebathwala imithwalo emakhanda, emihlana namtjhana emahlombe wabo.
- Amakhambo amade ngeenyawo bewathatha amalanga amanengi.
Speaker notes
Gandelela bona ukukhamba ngeenyawo kuseseyindlela abantu abanengi abakhamba ngayo qobe langa, ngitjho nanjesi. Kwenze kucace: bawa abafundi bona bacabange bakhamba ilanga loke bayokufika edorobheni elilandelako, ngaphandle kwemoto nangaphandle kwesitolo endleleni. Lokhu kubasiza bazwe bona kubayini nanyana ngiyiphi indlela ekhamba msinya beyilitjhuguluko elikhulu kangaka.
Abantu bafunda ukusebenzisa iinlwane ezinamandla bona zibathwale zidose nemithwalo ebudisi.
Abantu bathoma ukusebenzisa iinlwane ezifana neenkabi, amahhashi neembongolo. Inkabi enamandla beyingadosa umthwalo obudisi, begodu ihhashi beliyathwala umgibeli msinya. Lokhu bekutjho bona abantu neempahla bebangakhamba baye kude khulu kunalapho umuntu angakhamba khona ayedwa.
- Iinkabi bezikhamba kabuthaka kodwana zinamandla khulu - zilungele ukudosa.
- Amahhashi bekakhamba msinya - alungele ukugitjelwa nokuthwala imilayezo.
- Iimbongolo neminyuzi bezithwala imithwalo eendleleni ezimagethugethu.
Speaker notes
Veza umehluko okufuze abafundi bawuqaphele kiso soke isifundwesi: ezinye iindlela zokuthutha zinamandla kodwana zikhamba kabuthaka (iinkabi), ezinye zikhamba msinya kodwana zithwala okuncani (amahhashi). Buza bona ngisiphi isilwane abangasikhetha ukuthwala umthwalo obudisi wommbila, nokuthi ngisiphi ukuthwala umlayezo ophuthumako. Lokhu kwakha umqondo wokuthi indlela nganye etjha yokuthutha yararulula umraro othileko.
Nabantu bahlanganisa amavili neenkabi, bebangathwala imindeni yoke neempahla zayo zoke.
Ikoloyi leenkabi bekulikoloyi elikhulu lesigodo elimavili, elidoswa ziqhema leenkabi. Amakoloyi bewangathwala imithwalo ebudisi amabanga amade. Ngesikhathi se-Great Trek ngabo-1830 nabo-1840, imindeni yamaVoortrekker beyilayitjha amakoloyi leenkabi ikhambe iye ngaphakathi enarheni, iwele iintaba nemilambo.
- Iqhema leenkabi ezinengi belidosa ikoloyi linye elibudisi.
- Amakoloyi bewakhamba kabuthaka, amakhilomitha ambalwa kwaphela qobe langa.
- Bekunganandlela ezitharwako - bekunemikhondo emagethugethu kwaphela nesiganga esivulekileko.
Speaker notes
Ikoloyi leenkabi lisibonelo esihle sokuhlanganisa imibono emibili - ivili namandla wesilwane - ukwenza into engcono kunanyana ngiyiphi eyodwa. Tjheja i-Great Trek njengesehlakalo samambala seSewula Afrika lapho amakoloyi leenkabi bewaqakathekile khona. Kwenze kuvumelane nobudala kube lula: okugxilwe kikho lapha kukuthutha, ikoloyi, nokuthi bekukhamba kabuthaka kangangani, ingasi ipolotiki ebanzi ye-Trek. [SME: qinisekisa indlela yokuhlathulula i-Great Trek oyikhethako ku-Ibanga 4.]
Edorobheni elimatasatasa leThekwini, abantu bebagibela iinkoloyana ezinamavili amabili ezidoswa mumuntu ogijimako.
Irikitjhawu yinkoloyana elula enamavili amabili ethwala umgibeli oyedwa namtjhana ababili begodu edoswa mumuntu okhamba ngeenyawo. Iirikitjhawu zaba yindlela edumileko yokukhamba eThekwini (Durban) eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu eyadlulako. Abadosi beerikitjhawu bebambatha izicoco ezide ezinemibala neempahla zamentlha, begodu usesengababona elwandle leThekwini namhlanjesi.
- Iirikitjhawu bezilungele amakhambo amafitjhani edorobheni eligcweleko.
- Umdosi bekagijima ngeenyawo, ngalokho bekumsebenzi obudisi khulu.
- Namhlanjesi iirikitjhawu zeThekwini zimayelana khulu nokuzithabisa nabavakatjhi.
Speaker notes
Isilaydi lesi siletha uhlobo lokuthutha oluqakathekile khulu eSewula Afrika, ebafundi baKwaZulu-Natal abangenzeka bazibona. Kuphathe ngokucabangela: ukudosa irikitjhawu bekumsebenzi obudisi khulu obakhokhelwa kancani, begodu namhlanjesi iirikitjhawu zigcinwa njengesiko elizikhakhazisako nento etjhelela abavakatjhi. Buza abafundi bona kubayini irikitjhawu beyilungele idorobho elimatasatasa kodwana ingakalungeli ikhambo elide elidabula inarha.
Iisitimela zesitimu bezingadosa imithwalo emikhulu msinya kunanyana ngisiphi isilwane.
Isitimela yikatanga leenkoloyi elikhamba emahleleni wensimbi (rails) begodu, kade, belidoswa yijini yesitimu. Umudwa wesitimela wokuthoma weSewula Afrika wavulwa ngo-26 June 1860, phakathi kweThekwini (Durban) ne-Point (ikhumbi). Okokuthoma, iimpahla nabantu bebangakhamba msinya emahleleni endaweni yokukhamba kabuthaka ngekoloyi.
- Iisitimela bezikhamba emahleleni, ngalokho bezingabhajwa edakeni.
- Ijini yesitimu yinye beyingadosa iinkoloyi ezinengi ezibudisi ngesikhathi sinye.
- Iisitimela bezikhamba msinya khulu kunekoloyi leenkabi.
Speaker notes
Bekisela idatha: 26 June 1860, iThekwini (Durban) ukuya e-Point. Hlathulula bona 'i-Point' likhumbi, ngalokho umudwa omfitjhani lo bewuhlanganisa imikhumbi nedorobho. Gandelela ukweqa okukhulu ebelezweni nomthwalo nawuqathanisa nekoloyi leenkabi kumasilaydi adlulileko. Le yindawo ehle yokudweba itjhuguluko ebhodini: ikoloyi (kabuthaka) bese isitimela (msinya).
Nakufunyanwa amadayimane negolide, iindlela zesitimela zakhiwa zaya kude ngaphakathi enarheni.
Ngemva kokobana amadayimane afunyanwe eKimberley (1867) negolide eduze neJohannesburg (1886), iinkulungwana zabantu bezitlhoga ukukhamba ziye ngaphakathi enarheni, begodu iimpahla ebudisi bekufuze zifinyelele emamayini nasemakhunjini. Iindlela zesitimela zakhula msinya. Umudwa osuka eThekwini (Durban) uye ePietermaritzburg waqedwa ngo-1880, uhlanganisa ilwandle namadorobho angaphakathi enarheni.
- Iindlela zesitimela zahlanganisa amakhumbi namamayini namadorobho amakhulu.
- Iisitimela bezithwala amalahle, imitjhini, ukudla nabagibeli.
- Amadorobho amatjha neziteledi zavela eduze neendlela zesitimela.
Speaker notes
Hlathulula imbangela nomphumela ngokulula: amadayimane negolide okuligugu kwanikela abantu isizathu esinamandla sokwakha iindlela zesitimela ziye ngaphakathi enarheni, begodu iindlela zesitimela zona zasiza amadorobho namadorobho amakhulu bona akhule. Yenza iindatha ezimbili zibe lula (1867 amadayimane, 1886 igolide) - iqiniso eliqakathekileko lokuthutha ngu-1880 ngomudwa weThekwini uye ePietermaritzburg. Buza: kubayini imayini ingatlhoga umudwa wesitimela?
Ikoloyi elizikhambela lilodwa, linganahhashi elilidosako, larareka woke umuntu.
Imoto yaqanjwa eGermany ngemaphelweni wabo-1800. Enye yeemoto zokuthoma eSewula Afrika beyi-Benz Velo encani, eyatjhayelwa eBerea Park ePretoria ngo-1897. Abantu bebayibiza ngokuthi 'yikoloyi elinganahhashi' ngombana beyizikhambela yodwa, ngaphandle kwesilwane esiyidosako.
- Iimoto zakade bezikhamba kabuthaka, zizwakala begodu bezirega kanengi.
- Bekuneendlela ezitharwako ezimbalwa khulu ekuthomeni.
- Ngo-1912 imoto beyithatha amalanga amanengi ukutjhayela isuka eJohannesburg iye eThekwini (Durban).
Speaker notes
Beka isimo: iimoto zokuthoma khulu bezizinto ezirara ezingakavami, ingasi into abantu abanengi ebebanayo. I-Benz Velo yango-1897 ePretoria 'yeyokuthoma' ehle ukuyikhumbula. Sebenzisa indaba yango-1912 yeJohannesburg-ukuya-eThekwini ukutjengisa bona iindlela zakade bezimbi kangangani - ikhambo elithatha amahora ambalwa namhlanjesi bese ngesikhatheso belithatha amalanga. [SME: indaba ye-Benz Velo yango-1897 / iBerea Park ithathwe emithonjeni yemnyuziyamu (Ditsong), ingasi esihlokweni se-SAHO - qinisekisa ngaphambi kokukhipha.]
Namhlanjesi inengi lamaSewula Afrika likhamba eendleleni, ngeenthuthi ezihlukahlukeneko ezinengi.
Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi, iindlela ezitharwako zakhiwa kiyo yoke inarha, begodu iinthuthi ezihlukahlukeneko zavela. Namhlanjesi abantu bakhamba ngeemoto, amabhesi, amaloli, izithuthuthu, iimbhayisikili namathekisi amancani. AmaSewula Afrika amanengi asebenzisa ezokuthutha zomphakathi namathekisi ukuya esikolweni nemsebenzini qobe langa.
- Amaloli athwala iimpahla awayise eemtolo kiyo yoke inarha.
- Amabhesi namathekisi amancani athwala abagibeli abanengi ngesikhathi sinye.
- Iimbhayisikili nokukhamba ngeenyawo kusaqakathekile emakhambeni amafitjhani.
Speaker notes
Hlanganisa umlando nokuphila kwabafundi. Veza bona ithekisi elincani lelinye lezindlela ezivame khulu amaSewula Afrika akhamba ngazo namhlanjesi. Bawa ikilasi bona liqambe zoke iinhlobo zokuthutha zeendlela ebeziboneko endleleni eya esikolweni. Lokhu kwenza indaba ende yokuthutha ibonakale iyiqiniso begodu ikhona.
Indlela etjha khulu yokukhamba ayithinti hlangana nephasi.
Ibhanoyi yindlela ekhamba msinya khulu yokukhamba amabanga amade. Ukubhabha kokuthoma ngebhanoyi elinejini eSewula Afrika kwenziwa ngu-Albert Kimmerling eNahoon, eduze ne-East London, ngo-28 December 1909. Ibhanoyi lakhe lakade labhabha amamitha ambalwa kwaphela ngaphezu kwephasi, kodwana bekusithomo sokubhabha enarheni yekhethu.
- Amabhanoyi wakade bekamancani, alula begodu enziwe ngesigodo nendwangu.
- Amabhanoyi angadabula inarha yoke ngamahora ambalwa.
- Namhlanjesi amabhanoyi amakhulu (ama-jet) athwala amakhulu wabagibeli phakathi kwamadorobho amakhulu.
Speaker notes
Lokhu kukuphela kwekhambo lekhethu ngeenhlobo zokuthutha, kusukela ekukhambeni kabuthaka khulu (ukukhamba ngeenyawo) siye ekukhambeni msinya khulu (ukubhabha). Bekisela iqiniso: Albert Kimmerling, eduze ne-East London, 28 December 1909. Tjheja bona ibhanoyi lakhe lakhuphuka amamitha ambalwa kwaphela - ukweqa okuncani nawuqathanisa namabhanoyi wanamhlanjesi - ngalokho abafundi babone bona ukubhabha kukhule kangangani kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.
- Long ago Abantu bakhamba yoke indawo ngeenyawo
- Later Iinkabi, amahhashi neembongolo zisiza ukuthwala imithwalo
- 1830s Amakoloyi leenkabi akhamba kude ngesikhathi se-Great Trek
- 1860 Umudwa wesitimela wokuthoma: iThekwini (Durban) ukuya e-Point
- 1880 Umudwa wesitimela ufinyelela ePietermaritzburg
- 1897 Enye yeemoto zokuthoma, ePretoria
- 1909 Ukubhabha kokuthoma ngebhanoyi, eduze ne-East London
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa isilaydi lesi ukubuyekeza indaba yoke ngokulandelana. Funda igadango ngalinye ngokuzwakalako nekilasi ubawe bona baqaphele iphetheni: indlela nganye etjha yokuthutha beyivame ukukhamba msinya, namtjhana ithwale okunengi, kunaleyo eyayandulela. Bawa abafundi bona bakhombe itjhuguluko elikhulu khulu - abanengi bazakuthi yisitimela namtjhana ibhanoyi.
Ukuthutha okungcono akhenge kwenze abantu bakhambe msinya kwaphela - kwatjhugulula indlela ebebaphila ngayo.
Amakhambo asinya
Amakhambo abelithatha amalanga amanengi ngeenyawo namtjhana ngekoloyi bewangenziwa ngamahora.
Ikurhwebo nemisebenzi
Iimpahla, ukudla nabasebenzi bebangafinyelela emamayini, emapulazini, emakhunjini nasemtolo ekude.
Amadorobho ayakhula
Amadorobho amatjha namadorobho amakhulu avela eduze neendlela zesitimela nezeendlela.
Abantu bayahlangana
Imindeni nabangani abakude bebangavakatjhelana bathumelelane imilayezo ngokulula.
Speaker notes
Phakamisa isifundo usisuse ku-'yini' usise ku-'kutjho ini'. Veza imiphumela yokuthutha okungcono: isikhathi esongiweko, ikurhwebo elenziwe lula, amadorobho akhulako, nabantu abahlala bahlangene. Bawa abafundi bona banikele isibonelo sinye esivela emndenini wabo - kukhona owakhe wakhamba ibanga elide ngesitimela, ngethekisi namtjhana ngebhanoyi ayokuvakatjhela iinhlobo? Lokhu kuhlanganisa umlando netjhuguluko nokuraga kokuphila kwabo.
Asihloleni amabizo aqakathekileko avela esifundweni sanamhlanjesi.
- Ukuthutha - indlela abantu neempahla abakhamba ngayo basuka kenye indawo baye kenye.
- Ikoloyi leenkabi - ikoloyi lesigodo elimavili, elidoswa ziqhema leenkabi.
- Irikitjhawu - inkoloyana elula enamavili amabili edoswa mumuntu.
- Umudwa wesitimela - umkhondo wamahlelo wensimbi lapho iisitimela zikhamba khona.
- Ibhanoyi - umtjhini obhabhako onamaphiko nejini.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa lokhu njengokubuyekeza okukhulunywako okurabhako ngaphambi kwemibuzo. Funda ibizo ngalinye uvumele ikilasi likhwaze namtjhana litjengise bona litjho ini. Nangabe isikhathi sivuma, bawa abafundi bona babeke amabizo amahlanu ngokulandelana kwawo emlandweni (ukukhamba ngeenyawo akukho lapha, kodwana ikoloyi leenkabi lifika ngaphambi komudwa wesitimela, begodu ibhanoyi ligcina).
Phendula imibuzo le utjengise lokho okufundileko ngokuthutha ngokukhamba kwesikhathi.
Sebenza uwedwa namtjhana nomunye umuntu. Sebenzisa imisho ephelele.
Q. Qamba iindlela ezintathu abantu beSewula Afrika ebebakhamba ngazo kade, ngaphambi kobana iimoto ziqanjwe. (3 marks)
Q. Kuphi begodu ngimuphi umnyaka umudwa wesitimela wokuthoma weSewula Afrika owavulwa ngawo? (2 marks)
Q. Khetha uhlobo lunye lokuthutha esifundweni bewuhlathulule bona lwenza iimpilo zabantu zaba lula njani. (5 marks)
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa imibuzo emithathu njengomsebenzi otloliweko namtjhana ingxoxo yekilasi. Iimpendulo ezisikelwako: (1) nanyana ngiziphi ezintathu zokukhamba ngeenyawo, iinkabi/amahhashi/iimbongolo, ikoloyi leenkabi, irikitjhawu, isitimela - yamukela iimpendulo ezinengqondo; (2) iThekwini (Durban) ukuya e-Point, ngo-1860; (3) yamukela nanyana ngisiphi isibonelo esihlathululwe kuhle, isibonelo iisitimela bezithwala iimpahla ebudisi msinya, namtjhana iimoto namathekisi kwavumela abantu bakhambe baye kude emsebenzini. Ukwabiwa kwamamaki kulandela iimpendulo ezifitjhani nezeleko zohlobo lwe-CAPS. Phetha ngokukhumbuza abafundi bona ukuthutha kusatjhuguluka namhlanjesi.
- Grade
- Grade 4
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- Transport through time
- Resource type
- Presentation