Abalimi Bokuqala eMzantsi Afrika
Malunga neminyaka engama-1 700 ukuya kuma-2 000 eyadlulayo, iintsapho zabalimi zazinza kulo mhlaba, zafuya iinkomo zaza zasebenza ngentsimbi.
Speaker notes
Wamkela abafundi. Chaza ukuba kudala phambi kokuba kubekho iidolophu nezixeko, abalimi bokuqala beza kuhlala eMzantsi Afrika. Kwesi sifundo siza kufumanisa ukuba babengoobani, babelima ntoni, kutheni iinkomo zazibaluleke kangaka, nokuba babezenza njani izixhobo ngentsimbi. Umbuzo okhawulezayo wokuqala: ucinga ukuba ifama yayikhangeleka njani kwiminyaka engama-2 000 eyadlulayo?
Abalimi bokuqala babengabathethi beelwimi zesiBhantu
Bafudukela eMzantsi Afrika phakathi kweminyaka emalunga nama-2 000 nama-1 700 eyadlulayo.
Abalimi bokuqala babethetha iilwimi zesiBhantu. Olu luhlu lweelwimi apho isiZulu, isiXhosa, Setswana neSesotho zaphuma khona. Abalimi bafudukela ngasezantsi kancinci kulo mhlaba baza bawenza ikhaya labo.
- Babehlala kuluntu olwalukhokelwa yinkosi - akufanele sibabize ngokuba 'zizizwe'.
- Uluntu lwabo lwalunokukhula, lutshintshe luze lufuduke ngokuhamba kwexesha.
- Babengabalimi abakrelekrele, abakhi kunye nabasebenzi bentsimbi.
Speaker notes
Fundisa igama elithi abathethi besiBhantu ngokulula: lithetha abantu ababethetha iilwimi ezizalanayo, ookhokho beelwimi ezininzi zaseMzantsi Afrika namhlanje. Inqaku elibalulekileyo neliphathwa ngobunono elivela kwiCAPS naseSAHO: phepha igama elithi 'isizwe' (tribe). Libonisa ngokungeyomfaneleko ukuba abantu abazange batshintshe. Endaweni yalo sebenzisa elithi 'uluntu' okanye 'ubukhosi'. Gxininisa ukuba aba babengabantu abanezakhono nabaqhamuka nezinto ezintsha.
Kutheni sisithi liXesha leNtsimbi
Lixesha apho abantu babesenza izixhobo zabo neentonga zokulwa ngentsimbi.
Ababhali-mbali balibiza ngokuba liXesha leNtsimbi kuba abantu bafunda ukwenza izinto ngentsimbi. Kodwa abalimi babesenza okungaphezu kokusebenza ngentsimbi - babelima izilimo, befuya izilwanyana besakha imizi. Ngoko sibabiza nangokuba ngabalimi.
- Sifunda ngabo kwii-archaeologists (abaphandi bembali yakudala) abagrumba imizi emidala.
- Bafumana amaqhekeza eembiza, izixhobo zentsimbi, iintsimbi zokuhomba kunye nemikhondo yezindlu.
- Le mikhondo isixelela indlela abantu ababephila ngayo kudala, nkqu nangaphandle kweencwadi.
Speaker notes
Chaza ukuba igama elithi 'iXesha leNtsimbi' lisisikhombisi esincedayo nje - aba bantu babengabalimi phambi kwayo yonke into. Yazisa i-archaeology kwinqanaba leBanga 5: izazinzulu zigrumba ngononophelo zize zifunde izinto abazishiyayo abantu. Buza abafundi ukuba nguwuphi umkhondo abangawukhangela ukungqina ukuba umzi wawukhe wema kwintsimi.
Ukuzinza kulo mhlaba
Abalimi kwakufuneka bahlale kwindawo enye ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukuze batyale baze bavune.
Ukwenza amasimi, abalimi babegawula imithi nengca ende baze bayitshise. Uthuthu lwalusenza umhlaba uchume ukuze kutyalwe. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukugawula nokutshisa. Babehlala iminyaka, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha babefuduka xa umhlaba usidliwe ngokugqithisileyo - xa izilwanyana ezininzi kakhulu zaziyidlile yonke ingca.
- Babecoca umhlaba ukuze batyale izilimo baze bakhe amakhaya.
- Babesakha izindlu neentango ukugcina iinkomo zabo zikhuselekile.
- Xa umhlaba okanye amadlelo ephela, babekhangela umhlaba omtsha.
Speaker notes
Chaza ukugawula nokutshisa ngendlela elula uze uqaphele ukuba abalimi, ngokungafaniyo nabazingeli-baqokeleli, kwakufuneka bahlale ndaweni-nye ukuze bavelise ukutya. Yazisa igama elithi 'usidliwe ngokugqithisileyo' ngentsingiselo yesichazi-magama: xa kukho izilwanyana ezininzi kakhulu, ingca ayibi naxesha lokuphinda ikhule. Nxulumanisa noku nokukhathalela umhlaba namhlanje - lithuba lengxoxo emfutshane ngeenqobo zobomi.
Ukudibana namaKhoikhoi namaSan
Abalimi bokuqala abazange bafike kumhlaba ongenamntu - abazingeli-baqokeleli nabalusi babesele belapha.
Abalimi babelana ngomhlaba namaSan angabazingeli-baqokeleli namaKhoikhoi angabalusi. Babencedana baze bananiselana - betshintshiselana ngempahla ngaphandle kwemali. Ngamaxesha anzima embalela, oku kwabelana kwakugcina wonke umntu ephila.
- Abalimi baletha izixhobo zentsimbi neendlela ezintsha zokuvelisa ukutya.
- AmaKhoikhoi namaSan babelana ngolwazi lwezityalo namayeza.
- Izandi zonqhwabelo kwiilwimi zesiNguni namhlanje zavela kwiilwimi zamaKhoisan.
Speaker notes
Le yingcamango ephambili yeCAPS: abalimi bafika kumhlaba apho amaSan namaKhoikhoi ayesele ehlala khona, kwaye la maqela ayedla ngokusebenzisana. Fundisa igama elithi 'ukwananiselana' esichazi-magameni: ukutshintshiselana ngempahla okanye uncedo ngaphandle kwemali. Inyaniso yezandi zonqhwabelo ngumzekelo omhle nolula ukukhunjulwa wokwabelana kwenkcubeko osaphembelela iilwimi namhlanje. Yiphathe ngentlonelo - eli yayilibali lokusebenzisana nokutshintshiselana ubukhulu becala, hayi lengxabano kuphela.
Ukuhlala kwimizi ezinzileyo
Abalimi bakha amakhaya asisigxina baza bahlala kunye kwimizi yeentsapho.
Kwakufuneka izandla ezininzi emasimini, ngoko iintsapho zazihlala kufuphi kunye emzini. Izindlu zazo zazidla ngokuba ziyingqukuva, zenziwe ngezitena zodaka zineephahla zengca, okanye zizindlu ezingqukuva ezalukwe ngengca. Ngaphakathi kweentango kwakukho izindlu, iindawo zokugcina ukutya kunye nendawo ekhuselekileyo yeenkomo.
- Iqela lemizi lalinokwenza ubukhosi obukhokelwa yinkosi.
- Inkosi yayijongana norhwebo ize yabe impahla ngokulinganayo.
- Uluntu lonke lwalusebenza kunye ngexesha lokuvuna.
Speaker notes
Chaza umzi: izindlu ezingqukuva ezijikeleze ubuhlanti obuphakathi beenkomo - inkqubo abasayifumanayo abaphandi bembali (archaeologists) nanamhlanje. Yazisa amagama athi 'ubukhosi' 'nenkosi' esichazi-magameni, ukhumbuza abafundi ukuba inkosi yayaba impahla ize ilungelelanise urhwebo, nokuba ubukhosi babunokukhula, bunciphe kwaye butshintshe. Buza ukuba kutheni ukuhlala kufuphi kwakuncedisa iintsapho zabalimi.
Umsebenzi wamadoda, abafazi nabantwana
Kuluntu lwabalimi wonke umntu wayenomsebenzi awufanele awenze.
Amadoda namakhwenkwe
Babelusa bekhusela iinkomo, bezingela izilwanyana zasendle besebenza intsimbi.
Abafazi namantombazana
Babenyamekela izilimo, behlakula amasimi, bepheka, becoca besikha amanzi.
Abantwana
Babengayi esikolweni - babefunda izakhono zabo ngokunceda abantu abadala.
Speaker notes
Chaza ukuba imisebenzi yayahlulwe phakathi kwamadoda, abafazi nabantwana, nokuba abantwana babenebhongo lokunceda beselula. Khankanya ngobunono ukuba xa besebutsheni ulutsha lwaludlula kolwaluko - umsitho wokwamkelwa ebomini babantu abadala. Yigcine imfutshane inentlonelo, kuba lisiko labucala neliyingcwele. Khuthaza abafundi ukuba bathelekise ezi ndima nemisebenzi yasekhaya kwiintsapho namhlanje.
Izilimo ababezilima
Abalimi bokuqala babelima iinkozo befuya izilwanyana zokutya.
Izilimo zabo ezimbini eziphambili yayi ngamazimba kunye nonyaluthi. Ezi nkozo zazisilwa zibe ngumgubo ukwenza isidudu okanye utywala. Babengabalimi abazilimela ukuze baphile - babelima okwaneleyo iintsapho zabo kuphela. Ukuba isivuno sasisihle kakhulu, babeyananiselana ngesiseleyo namanye amaqela.
- Iinkozo zazigcinwa ezingobozini okanye emigodini eyayimbiwe emhlabeni.
- Babefuya kwakhona iinkukhu, iigusha neebhokhwe ukuze bafumane amaqanda, ubisi nenyama.
- Kamva, emva kweminyaka yee-1500, umbona nengqolowa kongezelelwa kumasimi abo.
Speaker notes
Fundisa izilimo ezibini eziphambili, amazimba nonyaluthi, kunye negama lesichazi-magama elithi 'umlimi ozilimela ukuze aphile': umntu olima okwaneleyo intsapho yakhe kuphela. Unxulumano oluhle nobomi bemihla ngemihla: isidudu esityiwa ngabantu abaninzi baseMzantsi Afrika namhlanje sivela kolu lwimi lokulima olude. Qaphela ukuba umbona nengqolowa zafika kamva, emva kokudibana namaYuropa ngeminyaka yee-1500, ngoko aziyonxalenye yeefama zakuqala.
Kutheni iinkomo zazibaluleke kangaka
Iinkomo zazingumqondiso wobutyebi kwaye zazisetyenziswa kumasiko abaluleke kakhulu.
Iinkomo zazinika inyama, ubisi nofele, kodwa zazithetha okungaphezu kokutya. Ukuba neenkomo ezininzi kwakubonisa ukuba umntu usisityebi kwaye ubalulekile. Iinkomo zazinikwa emitshatweni nasemingcwabeni kwaye zisetyenziswa kumasiko amabini akhethekileyo.
- Mafisa: isityebi sasiboleka iinkomo, oku kwakha intlonelo nobuhlobo.
- Ilobola (ubutyebi bomtshakazi): iinkomo zazinikwa usapho lomtshakazi ukuhlonipha umtshato.
- Ilobola lisesesiko elihlonelwayo eMzantsi Afrika nanamhlanje.
Speaker notes
Chaza ukuba iinkomo zazizintliziyo yobutyebi nentlonelo, kungekhona ukutya nje kuphela. Fundisa umafisa (ukuboleka iinkomo ukwakha ubudlelwane obuhle) nelobola (ubutyebi bomtshakazi obunikwa usapho lomtshakazi) kwinqanaba elithantamisayo leBanga 5. Gxininisa ukuba ilobola lisesesiko esiphilayo esisaxatyiswa nanamhlanje - unxulumanisa imbali neentsapho noluntu lwabafundi.
Ukwenza izixhobo ngentsimbi
Abalimi bokuqala babemba intsimbi ematyeni baze bayibumbe ibe zizixhobo eziluncedo.
Umthombo wentsimbi ufumaneka ematyeni. Abalimi babewumba, baze bawufudumeze kwiziko elishushu ade uphenduke intsimbi eluketshezi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukunyibilikisa intsimbi. Amadoda anezakhono ayeyibumba intsimbi ibe zizihloko zemikhonto, amageja, amazembe kunye nezando, aze enze izihombiso ngentsimbi nobhedu.
- Amageja namazembe entsimbi enza kwaba lula kakhulu ukucoca umhlaba nokulima.
- Babebumba kwakhona iimbiza zodongwe ezintle - njengeentloko ezidumileyo iiLydenburg Heads.
- Iintloko ezisixhenxe zeeLydenburg Heads zenziwa malunga ne-500 CE, kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-1 500 eyadlulayo.
Speaker notes
Chaza ukunyibilikisa intsimbi ngokulula: ukufudumeza ilitye ide intsimbi inyibilike iphume, uze uyikhande ibe zizixhobo. Qaphela ukuba izixhobo zentsimbi zenza ukulima kube lula - inguqu yobuchwepheshe yokwenene. Yazisa iiLydenburg Heads njengobuncwane bobugcisa beXesha leNtsimbi obufunyenwe eMzantsi Afrika. Ukuba ixesha livuma, khankanya ukuba abafazi ngokwesithethe babegcinwa kude neziko, elalisisiko lelo xesha - kuchaze ngokungathathi cala njengenyaniso yembali.
Urhwebo kufuphi nakude
Abalimi bokuqala baberhweba kulo lonke elase-Afrika nkqu nakumazwe akude.
Abalimi baberhweba ngokulandela iindlela zorhwebo - iindlela abantu ababehamba ngazo ukutshintshiselana ngempahla. Abarhwebi babefikelela kunxweme olusempuma yase-Afrika ngolwandle. Abantu base-Afrika babenika igolide, amazinyo eendlovu nentsimbi baze bafumane iintsimbi zeglasi, iiqokobhe kunye, kamva, ukutya okutsha okunjengeebhanana namakhokhonathi.
- Babengasebenzisi iingqekembe - iintsimbi zokuhomba, intsimbi, igolide, ucingo lobhedu netyuwa zazisetyenziswa njengemali.
- Abaphandi bembali (archaeologists) bafumana iiqokobhe zolwandle neentsimbi kude ngaphakathi ezweni, oku kungqina ukuba urhwebo lwalubanzi.
- Urhwebo lwanceda ezinye iindawo zokuhlala, ezifana neMapungubwe, ukuba zibe zizityebi zibe namandla.
Speaker notes
Chaza iindlela zorhwebo njengeendlela zokuhamba zokutshintshiselana ngempahla. Gqamisa ukuba i-Afrika yayinxulunyaniswe nehlabathi elibanzi kudala ngorhwebo lweLwandle iIndiya. Fundisa ukuba iintsimbi zokuhomba netyuwa zazisebenza njengemali yakuqala. IMapungubwe ngumzekelo omhle wokwenene weBanga 5 wendawo yokuhlala esisityebi erhwebayo - kwaye inxulumanisa phambili nesihloko sezikumkani zeBanga 6. [SME] Qinisekisa eyona mihla ithembekileyo yokuqala yorhwebo lonxweme lweLwandle iIndiya kwinqanaba leBanga 5 phambi kokuveliswa.
Ulandelelwano-xesha lwabalimi bokuqala
- ~2 000-1 700 years ago Abalimi abathetha isiBhantu bazinza eMzantsi Afrika
- ~500 CE Kwenziwa iiLydenburg Heads
- From ~1000 CE IMapungubwe iba sisityebi ngorhwebo
- 1500s AmaYuropa ayafika; umbona nengqolowa kongezwa kumasimi
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa ulandelelwano-xesha ukunceda abafundi bacwangcise ibali. Abafundi beBanga 5 basakha ingqiqo yamaxesha amade, ngoko thelekisa 'iminyaka eyadlulayo' nobudala babo okanye ubudala botat'omkhulu. Qaphela ukuba abalimi babelapha iminyaka engaphezu kwewaka phambi kokuba amaYuropa afike ngeminyaka yee-1500. [SME] Qinisekisa indlela yokubhalwa komhla wokuqala weMapungubwe kweli banga.
Esikufundileyo - kwaye lithuba lakho ngoku
Abalimi bokuqala babelima izilimo, bexabisa iinkomo zabo besenza izixhobo zentsimbi, ngelixa besabelana ngomhlaba nabantu bangaphambili.
Abalimi bokuqala babengabantu abathetha isiBhantu abazinza kulo mhlaba malunga neminyaka engama-1 700 ukuya kuma-2 000 eyadlulayo. Babelima amazimba nonyaluthi, befuya iinkomo njengomqondiso wobutyebi, besebenza ngentsimbi, kwaye berhweba kulo lonke elase-Afrika. Babehlala kubukhosi obuzinzileyo besabelana ngomhlaba namaSan namaKhoikhoi.
Q. Khankanya izilimo ezibini abalimi bokuqala ababezilima kunye nesilwanyana esinye ababesifuya. (3 marks)
Q. Chaza izizathu ezibini zokuba kutheni iinkomo zazibaluleke kangaka kubalimi bokuqala. (4 marks)
Q. Chaza indlela abalimi bokuqala ababesenza ngayo izixhobo ngentsimbi. (4 marks)
Speaker notes
Phinda ushwankathele iingcamango ezinkulu ezintlanu: ukuba abalimi babengoobani, izilimo zabo, iinkomo zabo, ukusebenza kwabo ngentsimbi kunye norhwebo lwabo. Sebenzisa le mibuzo mithathu njengomsebenzi obhaliweyo okanye ingxoxo yeklasi; amanani amanqaku alandela isimbo seCAPS. Khumbuza abafundi ukuba esi sihloko sikhokelela kwiBanga 6, apho bafunda ngezikumkani zaseMapungubwe, iThulamela kunye neGreat Zimbabwe ezakhula kolu luntu lwabalimi.
- Grade
- Grade 5
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- The first farmers in Southern Africa
- Resource type
- Presentation