Ukusuka kwiingqongqo nemiqondiso yomsi kudala, ukuya kwiileta, ifowuni, unomathotholo (irediyo) kunye ne-intanethi namhlanje.
Speaker notes
Wamkele iklasi. Buza abafundi ukuba bebeya kumxelela njani umhlobo okude iindaba ezimnandi namhlanje (ngomnxeba, ngombhalo, okanye ngevidiyo). Chaza ukuba unxibelelwano luthetha ukwabelana ngolwazi, nokuba abantu bebesoloko kufuneka benze oku - kodwa izixhobo zitshintshe kakhulu. Namhlanje sihamba ukusuka kwiindlela ezindala zokunxibelelana ukuya kwi-intanethi.
Unxibelelwano yindlela esabelana ngayo ngolwazi nabanye abantu.
Yonke imihla sabelana ngolwazi nabanye. Siyathetha, siyaphulaphula, siyabhala kwaye siyafunda. Kananjalo sisebenzisa imifanekiso, imiqondiso nezandi. Zonke ezi zezinye iindlela zokunxibelelana.
- Sinxibelelana ukuze sicele uncedo nokuze sigcinane sikhuselekile.
- Sinxibelelana ukuze sabelane ngeendaba, amabali kunye neemvakalelo.
- Sinxibelelana ukuze sifunde kwabanye abantu nokuze sibafundise.
Speaker notes
Yigcine iphathekayo le nto. Nika imizekelo elula: umama obiza umntwana ukuba eze kutya, utitshala obhala ebhodini, umhlobo owanga-nga ukubulisa. Bonisa ukuba unxibelelwano lufuna umntu othumela umyalezo nomntu owamkelayo. Cela abafundi bakhankanye iindlela ezintathu abaye banxibelelana ngazo phambi kwesikolo namhlanje.
Kudala, phambi kokubhala, abantu babelana ngayo yonke into ngokuthetha.
Indlela endala kunazo zonke yokunxibelelana kukuthetha nokuphulaphula (ukuthetha nokumamela). Abadala babebalisela abantwana amabali ukubafundisa ngosapho lwabo, imbali yabo nendlela yokuphila kakuhle. Oku kubizwa ngokuba lithubelo lomlomo (oral tradition) - ukudlulisa ulwazi ngomlomo.
- Amabali, iingoma neziduko zaziqhutywa kwaye zibaliswe kwakhona ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
- AbaThwa (San) namaKhoi aseMzantsi Afrika ayeyidlulisa imbali yawo ngale ndlela.
- Olunye ulwazi aluzange lubhalwe phantsi, kodwa aluzange lulahleke - lwalugcinwe engqondweni luze lwabelwane.
Speaker notes
Gxininisa ukuba ithubelo lomlomo yindlela yokwenyani nethembekileyo yokugcina imbali, hayi indlela ephantsi. Phawula umba weSAHO wokuba abemi bokuqala baseYurophu babecinga ngempazamo ukuba ukuba akukho ncwadi, akukho mbali - kodwa imbali yase-Afrika yayigcinwe ngononophelo kumabali, kwiinkumbulo nakwizithethe ezidluliselwa ngabadala. Buza abafundi ukuba ngawaphi amabali abalisa kula usapho lwabo.
Uthumela njani umyalezo ebantwini abakude kakhulu ukuba bangaliva ilizwi lakho?
Kudala, abantu bafumana iindlela ezikrelekrele zokuthumela imiyalezo kumgama omkhulu. Iingqongqo zaziqhutywa ngeepatheni ezikhethekileyo, ize ipatheni nganye ixelele abamelwane ngeendaba okanye ngengozi. Imiqondiso yomsi nemililo yayibonakala kwindawo ekude ize ilumkise abantu ngezinto ekwakufuneka bazazi.
- Iipatheni zengqongqo zazinokulumkisa ilali ukuba kufika iindwendwe okanye ingozi.
- Umsi emini nomlilo ebusuku wawubonakala kumgama omkhulu.
- Abathunywa nabo babebaleka okanye bakhwele ukuthwala amazwi abalulekileyo ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye.
Speaker notes
Yenze le nto ibe nomdla nesebenzisanayo - unokuqhwaba isingqi esilula uze ubuze ukuba iklasi ingayifunda na ipatheni ephindaphindwayo. Chaza ukuba le miqondiso yayisebenza kuba wonke umntu eluntwini wayevumelana ngokuba ipatheni okanye umqondiso ngamnye uthetha ntoni. Oku kusenyani nanamhlanje: unxibelelwano lusebenza kuphela xa sabelana ngekhowudi enye, njengolwimi.
Eminye yemiyalezo emidala kunazo zonke eMzantsi Afrika yayizotywe emaweni.
AbaThwa (San) babezoba baze bakrole imifanekiso emaweni nasezindongeni zemiqolomba. Le mizobo yasemaweni (rock art) yayibonisa izilwanyana, uzingelo neziganeko ezibalulekileyo. Imifanekiso yayabelana ngeengcamango namabali, kwaye eminzi yayo isabonakala nanamhlanje, kumawaka eminyaka kamva.
- Imizobo yasemaweni yenye yeendlela ezindala zonxibelelwano olurekhodiweyo.
- Imifanekiso isixelela ngezilwanyana, iinkolelo nobomi babazobi.
- Ngenxa yokuba yayizotywe ematyeni, umyalezo wahlala ixesha elide kakhulu.
Speaker notes
Dibanisa imizobo yasemaweni nengcamango yokurekhoda umyalezo ukuze uhlale ixesha elide. Ngokungafaniyo negama elithethwayo eliphela lisiba, umfanekiso osemaweni uyahlala. Eli linyathelo lokuqala ukuya ekubhaleni. Ukuba kwindawo yakho kukho iindawo ezaziwayo ezinemizobo yasemaweni, zikhankanye. Yiba nentlonipho: ezi ziindawo zelifa ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka zikhuselwe.
Abantu bafunda ukuguqula izandi neengcamango zibe zimpawu esizibiza ngokuba kukubhala.
Kumawaka eminyaka edlulileyo, abantu abanjengama-Egypt (Egyptians) amandulo baqalisa ukusebenzisa iimpawu ukumela izinto nezandi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha ezi mpawu zakhula zaba zoonobumba (alphabets) - iiseti ezincinci zoonobumba esizidibanisayo ukwenza amagama. Ukubhala kwenza abantu bakwazi ukugcina iirekhodi nokuthumela imiyalezo echanekileyo.
- Ukubhala kuthetha ukuba umyalezo unokugcinwa uze ufundwe kwakhona kamva.
- Unobumba usebenzisa oonobumba abambalwa ukubhala nawuphi na igama.
- Abantu babebhala eludongweni lodongwe, ematyeni, kwizikhumba zezilwanyana kamva nasephepheni.
Speaker notes
Yigcine ilula: ukubhala yindlela yokuzoba amagama ethu ukuze ahlale kwaye ahambe. Yithelekise namaslayidi angaphambili - ibali linokulityalwa okanye litshintshe ngalo lonke uxelo, kodwa ukubhala kugcina amagama afanayo. Unokubonisa iklasi indlela igama labo eliluluhlu loonobumba. Eli slayidi lidibanisa ihlabathi elidala nezixhobo zanamhlanje ezilandelayo.
Ixesha elide yonke incwadi kwakufuneka ikotshwe ngesandla, enye ngexesha.
Malunga neminyaka engama-600 eyadlulayo kwaqanjwa umatshini obizwa ngokuba yiprinting press (umatshini wokushicilela). Wawukwazi ukushicilela iphepha elifanayo izihlandlo ezininzi, ngokukhawuleza. Ngoku iincwadi namaphephandaba zazinokwenziwa ngobuninzi obukhulu, ngoko abantu abaninzi babenokufunda ulwazi olufanayo.
- Phambi kokushicilela, iincwadi zazinqabile kwaye zidure kakhulu.
- Ukushicilela kwenza iincwadi zibe tshiphu, ngoko abantu abaninzi bafunda ukufunda.
- Amaphephandaba enza abantu abaninzi babelane ngeendaba ezifanayo ngexesha elinye.
Speaker notes
Gxininisa utshintsho olukhulu: ukushicilela kwenza ulwazi lwasasazeka ebantwini abaninzi ngexesha elinye, kungekhona kwabambalwa ababeneencwadi ezikotshwe ngesandla. Buza abafundi ukuba basawabona phi amagama ashicilelweyo namhlanje (iincwadi, amaphephandaba, iibhokisi zesidlo, iiposta). Phawula ukuba oku kwenza ukufunda neendaba zifumaneke ebantwini abaninzi kakhulu.
Uwathumela njani amazwi akho kumntu okwenye idolophu?
Abantu babebhala iileta baze bazithumele ngenkqubo yeposi. Iileta zazithwalwa ngabantu ngeenyawo, ngamahashe, ngeenqanawa kwaye kamva ngololiwe nangeenqwelo-moya. Ileta yayinokuthwala amazwi akho achanekileyo ukuya kusapho nabahlobo abakude.
- Ufaka ileta emvulophini uze wongeze isitampu nedilesi.
- Iposi ihlanganisa iileta ize izithumele kwindawo eyiyo.
- Ileta yayinokuthatha iintsuku okanye iiveki ukufika kwindawo ekude.
Speaker notes
Yenze inkqubo yeposi ivakale iyinyani - abafundi abaninzi basenokufumana iipasile. Bonisa idilesi nesitampu njengekhowudi eyenza ileta ifike kwikhaya elifanelekileyo. Yithelekise ixesha lokulinda (iintsuku okanye iiveki) nemiyalezo yanamhlanje engxamileyo, oku kukudibanisa okuhle namaslayidi alandelayo.
Oomatshini abatsha benza imiyalezo ihambe phantse ngokukhawuleza njengombane, ngeentambo.
I-telegrafu yayithumela imiyalezo njengeempawu ezimfutshane nezinde kwiintambo isebenzisa ikhowudi ekhethekileyo. Emva koko i-fowuni, eyaqanjwa ngo-1876, yavumela abantu ukuba beve amazwi omnye komnye kumgama omkhulu. Okokuqala wawunokuthetha nomntu okude, kwangoko.
- Itelegrafu yayithumela imiyalezo ngekhowudi yamachaphaza nemigca (dots and dashes).
- Ifowuni yavumela abantu ukuba bathethe baze bamamele ngexesha elinye.
- Le mitshini yenza unxibelelwano lube ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kunaleta.
Speaker notes
Umgangatho weBanga lesi-4: gxila kwingcamango enkulu yokuba amazwi angoku ayekwazi ukuhamba kude ngeentambo. Unokukhankanya u-Alexander Graham Bell njengomntu odityaniswa nefowuni ngo-1876. [SME] Qinisekisa umhla wokwaziswa kwefowuni netelegrafu eMzantsi Afrika ukuba umhla wasekhaya uyafuneka. Cela abafundi bacinge ngokuva ilizwi likamakhulu okanye utatomkhulu okokuqala kude.
Ngoku imiyalezo yayinokufikelela kumawaka abantu ngaxeshanye, ngaphandle kweentambo.
U-nomathotholo (irediyo) uthumela isandi emoyeni, ngoko abantu abaninzi banokuphulaphula iindaba, umculo namabali afanayo ngexesha elinye. Kamva, u-mabonwakude (television) wongeza imifanekiso ehambayo esandini. EMzantsi Afrika, usasazo lukanomathotholo lwaqala ngeminyaka yee-1930, waza umabonwakude waqala ngo-1976.
- Unomathotholo wazisa iindaba, umculo nezemidlalo emakhaya abantu.
- Umabonwakude wongeza imifanekiso, ngoko sasinokubona iziganeko sikwazi nokuziva.
- Usasazo olunye lwalunokufikelela abantu abaninzi kulo lonke ilizwe ngaxeshanye.
Speaker notes
Gqamisa unyawo olukhulu ekusasazeni: umyalezo omnye ofikelela kumawaka ngaxeshanye. [SME] Qinisekisa imihla yosasazo yaseMzantsi Afrika - usasazo lukanomathotholo eMzantsi Afrika ludla ngokubalelwa kwiminyaka yee-1920-1930 (i-SABC yasekwa ngo-1936) waza umabonwakude wesizwe waqala ngo-1976; qinisekisa ukubekwa okuchanekileyo phambi kokuvelisa. Buza abafundi ukuba yeyiphi abayisebenzisa kakhulu namhlanje, unomathotholo okanye umabonwakude, kwaye ngoba.
Namhlanje singathumela amagama, imifanekiso namazwi kwihlabathi liphela kwimizuzwana.
I-khompyutha kunye ne-intanethi zidibanisa abantu kwihlabathi liphela. Sithumela ii-imeyile nemiyalezo, sabelane ngeefoto, size sifowunele usapho ngevidiyo kwamanye amazwe. Ii-selula (cellphones) zisenza sikwazi ukwenza konke oku sisephaketheni lethu, phantse naphi na apho siya khona.
- I-intanethi isenza sithumele umyalezo kwihlabathi liphela kwimizuzwana.
- Iselula inokufowuna, ithumele imibhalo, ithathe iifoto, nokungena kwi-intanethi.
- Ngoku singababona size sibeve abantu abakude ngexesha elinye kanye.
Speaker notes
Yizise ekhaya kubomi babafundi - abaninzi baya kuzazi kakuhle iiselula ne-intanethi. Phawula ukuba i-intanethi yaqala ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngeminyaka yee-1990 kwaye neeselula zaqhelekayo eMzantsi Afrika ngeminyaka yee-1990 nayo. [SME] Qinisekisa ukubekwa okuchanekileyo kokusasazwa kweselula eMzantsi Afrika (iinethiwekhi zeselula zaqala ngo-1994) ukuba umhla uyasetyenziswa. Buza: yintoni enokwenziwa yiselula engenakwenziwa yileta, kwaye yintoni ileta esenokuyenza kakuhle?
- Long ago Ukuthetha, ukubalisa amabali, iingqongqo nemiqondiso yomsi
- Long ago Imizobo yasemaweni ezotywe ngabaThwa (San)
- Ancient times Ukubhala noonobumba kuyaqala
- About 1440 Umatshini wokushicilela wenza iincwadi ezininzi
- 1876 Ifowuni ivumela amazwi ukuba ahambe kude
- 1930s Usasazo lukanomathotholo lufikelela emakhaya aseMzantsi Afrika
- 1976 Umabonwakude uqala eMzantsi Afrika
- 1990s I-intanethi neeselula zisasazeka ngokubanzi
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa eli slayidi ukuphinda uwuhlolisise wonke uhambo ngokulandelelana. Bonisa ipatheni: ekuqaleni imiyalezo yayihamba kancinci ize ifikelele abantu abambalwa, ngokuhamba kwexesha yaba ngokukhawuleza yaza yafikelela abantu abaninzi. [SME] Imihla ye-1930 kanomathotholo ne-1440 yomatshini wokushicilela yimihla eqikelelweyo yokufundisa - qinisekisa phambi kokuvelisa. Buza abafundi ukuba ngowuphi umyalezo abacinga ukuba watshintsha ubomi babantu ngokungakumbi.
Izixhobo zitshintshe kakhulu, kodwa isizathu sokunxibelelana sihlale sinjalo.
Kusahleli kunjalo
Sisanxibelelana ukwabelana ngeendaba, ukucela uncedo, nokusondela ebantwini esibathandayo.
Ngokukhawuleza kakhulu
Umyalezo owawuthatha iiveki ngeleta ngoku uthatha imizuzwana nje kwi-intanethi.
Ufikelela abantu abaninzi
Ingqongqo yayifikelela ilali enye; i-intanethi inokufikelela ihlabathi liphela.
Speaker notes
Cacisa ingcamango yeCAPS yotshintsho nokuqhubeka. Okutshintshileyo: isantya, umgama nenani labantu esinokufikelela kubo. Okuhleli kunjalo: imfuno yomntu yokwabelana ngolwazi nokuhlala edibene. Oku kunceda abafundi babone imbali njengotshintsho nezinto eziqhubekayo. Mema imizekelo evela kula usapho lwabo.
Unxibelelwano lukhule ukusuka kumabali athethwayo neengqongqo ukuya kwi-intanethi - kodwa injongo yalo ihlala injalo.
Sihambe ukusuka kukuthetha, iingqongqo nemiqondiso yomsi, ukuya kwimizobo yasemaweni nokubhala, ukuya kukushicilela, iposi, ifowuni, unomathotholo, umabonwakude kwaye ekugqibeleni i-intanethi neeselula. Isixhobo ngasinye esitsha savumela imiyalezo ukuba ihambe ngokukhawuleza ifikelele abantu abaninzi.
Q. Khankanya iindlela ezimbini abantu ababenxibelelana ngazo kudala, phambi kokubhala. (2 marks)
Q. Chaza indlela ifowuni etshintshe ngayo indlela abantu abanxibelelana ngayo. (3 marks)
Q. Khetha isixhobo esinye sanamhlanje (unomathotholo, umabonwakude, i-intanethi okanye iselula) uze uchaze isizathu sokuba siluncedo. (3 marks)
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa le mibuzo mithathu njengophindo oluthethwayo okanye olubhaliweyo. Iimpendulo ecetyisiweyo: (1) nayiphi na emibini kwezi ukuthetha/ukubalisa amabali, iingqongqo, imiqondiso yomsi, abathunywa, imizobo yasemaweni; (2) yavumela abantu ukuba beve amazwi omnye komnye kumgama omkhulu, kwangoko, endaweni yokulinda ileta; (3) yamkele naso nasiphi na isizathu esisengqiqweni - sifikelela abantu abaninzi, sikhawulezile, sizisa iindaba kwaye sisenza sihlale sidibene. Vala ngokucela abafundi bacinge ukuba unxibelelwano lunokuba njani xa sebekhulile.
- Grade
- Grade 4
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- Communication through time
- Resource type
- Presentation