Ukusukela emagubhini nemsizini yomlilo kade, ukuya eemtlolweni (iincwadi), ithelefumu, umsakazo ne-inthanethi namhlanjesi.
Speaker notes
Wamukela iklasi. Buza abafundi bona bebazokutjela njani umngani okhatjhana iindaba ezimnandi namhlanjesi (ngekghwaba, ngomlayezo, ngevidiyo). Hlathulula bona ukukhulumisana kutjho ukwabelana ngolwazi, nokobana abantu bebasolo bakutlhoga - kodwana amathulusi atjhentjhe khulu. Namhlanjesi sikhamba ukusukela eendleleni ezidala zokukhulumisana ukuya e-inthanethi.
Ukukhulumisana yindlela esabelana ngayo ngolwazi nabanye abantu.
Qobe langa sabelana ngolwazi nabanye. Siyakhuluma, siyalalela, siyatlola begodu siyafunda. Sisebenzisa nemifanekiso, iimpawu nemidumo. Zoke lezi ziindlela zokukhulumisana.
- Sikhulumisana ukubawa irhelebho nokugcinana siphephile.
- Sikhulumisana ukwabelana ngeendaba, iindatjana nemizwa.
- Sikhulumisana ukufunda kwabanye abantu nokubafundisa.
Speaker notes
Yenza lokhu kubambeke. Nikela iimbonelo ezilula: umma obiza umntwana bona azokudla, umfundisi otlola ebhodini, umngani okuqhweba. Veza bona ukukhulumisana kutlhoga umuntu othumela umlayezo nomuntu owamukelako. Buza abafundi bona baqamule iindlela ezintathu abakhulumisane ngazo ngaphambi kokobana beze esikolweni namhlanjesi.
Kade, ngaphambi kokutlola, abantu bebabelana ngakho koke ngokukhuluma.
Indlela edala khulu yokukhulumisana kukukhuluma nokulalela. Abadala bebarhaba iindatjana bona bafundise abantwana ngomndeni wabo, ngomlando wabo nokobana baphile njani kuhle. Lokhu kubizwa ngokobana yi-oral tradition (isiko lomlomo) - ukudlulisela ilwazi ngomlomo.
- Iindatjana, iingoma neenkondlo zokudumisa bezikhunjulwa begodu zirhatjhwe godu nangokuya.
- AbeSan namaKhoi weSewula Afrika bebadlulisela umlando wabo ngale ndlela.
- Elinye ilwazi belingakhange litlolwe phasi, kodwana alilahlekanga - belikhunjulwa begodu labelwana.
Speaker notes
Gandelela bona i-oral tradition yindlela yamambala nethenjwako yokugcina umlando, ingasi ephasi. Qaphela ipuwedi kaSAHO yokobana abafiki bakade beYurophu bebacabanga ngokungakalungi bona nangabe akunabo iincwadi, akunawo umlando - kodwana ikadesi ye-Afrika beyigcinwa kuhle eendatjaneni, eenkumbulweni namasikweni adluliselwa babadala. Buza abafundi bona ziiphi iindatjana ezirhatjhwa yimindeni yabo.
Uthumela njani umlayezo ebantwini abakhatjhana khulu bona bangalizwa iphimbo lakho?
Kade, abantu bafumana iindlela ezihlakaniphileko zokuthumela imilayezo ummango omude. Amagubhu bewabethwa ngeenqubo ezikhethekileko, begodu yoke inqubo beyitjela abomakhelwana ngeendaba namkha ngengozi. Umsizi weempawu nemililo bekungabonwa khatjhana begodu ilemukisa abantu ngezinto ekufuze bazazi.
- Iinqubo zamagubhu bezingalemukisa isabelo bona kufika iimvakatjhi namkha ingozi.
- Umsizi emini nomlilo ebusuku bekungabonwa ummango omude.
- Iinthunywa bezigijima namkha zikhwele bona zithwale amezwi aqakathekileko ukusuka endaweni ukuya kwenye.
Speaker notes
Yenza lokhu kuphile begodu kubambeke - ungabetha isigqi esilula bese ubuza bona iklasi ingakwazi na 'ukufunda' inqubo ephindaphindwako. Hlathulula bona iimpawu lezi bezisebenza ngombana woke umuntu emphakathini bebavumelana ngokobana yoke inqubo namkha uphawu lutjho ini. Lokho kusesekhona nanamhlanjesi: ukukhulumisana kusebenza kwaphela nangabe sabelana ngekhowudi, njengelimi.
Eminye imilayezo edala khulu eSewula Afrika beyipendwe emadwaleni.
AbeSan bebapenda begodu bagubhuza imifanekiso emadwaleni nemibondweni yemirholo (imigedi). Le-rock art (imifanekiso yamadwala) beyitjengisa iimilwane, ukuzuma nezehlakalo eziqakathekileko. Imifanekiso beyabelana ngeembono neendatjana, begodu eminengi yayo isabonwa nanamhlanjesi, ngemva kweemnyaka eziinkulungwana.
- I-rock art ngenye yeendlela ezidala khulu zokukhulumisana okurekhodiweko.
- Imifanekiso isitjela ngeemilwane, iimkholelo nokuphila kwababumbi.
- Ngombana beyipendwe edwaleni, umlayezo wahlala isikhathi eside khulu.
Speaker notes
Xhumanisa i-rock art nombono wokurekhoda umlayezo bona uhlale. Ngokungafani nezwi elikhulunywako elimondako, umfanekiso edwaleni uyahlala. Leli ligadango lokuthoma ngasekutloleni. Nangabe indawakho inendawo ezaziwako ze-rock art, zibalele. Hlonipha: lezi ziindawo zelifa eziqakathekileko okufuze zivikelwe.
Abantu bafunda ukujika imidumo neembono babe zimpawu esizibiza ngokutlola.
Ngeemnyaka eziinkulungwana eyadlulako, abantu abanjenge-maGibhide (Egyptians) wakade bathoma ukusebenzisa iimpawu bona zimele izinto nemidumo. Ngesikhathi eside lezi mpawu zakhula zaba ma-alfabhethi (amaledere) - amaqoqo amancani weenhlamvu esizihlanganisako bona senze amezwi. Ukutlola kwavumela abantu ukugcina iirekhodi nokuthumela imilayezo eqondileko.
- Ukutlola kutjho bona umlayezo ungagcinwa begodu ufundwe godu ngokukhamba kwesikhathi.
- I-alfabhethi isebenzisa iinhlamvu ezimbalwa kwaphela ukutlola nanyana ngiliphi ilizwi.
- Abantu bebatlola edakeni, edwaleni, eenkhumbeni zeemilwane bese ngokukhamba kwesikhathi ephepheni.
Speaker notes
Yenza kube lula: ukutlola yindlela yokudweba amezwethu bona ahlale begodu akhambe. Qathanisa neentlaka zangaphambili - indatjana ingakhohlakala namkha itjhentjhe qobe nakurhatjhwa, kodwana ukutlola kugcina amezwi afanako. Ungatjengisa iklasi bona ibizo labo liligceke lamaledere we-alfabhethi. Islayidi lesi lixhumanisa iphasi elidala namathulusi wesikhathi samanjesi alandelako.
Isikhathi eside yoke incwadi bekufuze ikhotjhwe ngesandla, yinye ngasinye.
Malungana neemnyaka eyi-600 eyadlulako kwavezwa umtjhini obizwa nge-printing press (umtjhini wokugadangisa). Bewungagadangisa ikhasi elifanako amahlandla amanengi, ngokurhaba. Nje-ke iincwadi namaphephandaba bekungenziwa ngobunengi, nje-ke abantu abanengi khulu bebangafunda ilwazi elifanako.
- Ngaphambi kokugadangisa, iincwadi bezimbalwa begodu zidura khulu.
- Ukugadangisa kwenza iincwadi zaraphuka, nje-ke abantu abanengi bafunda ukufunda.
- Amaphephandaba avumela abantu abanengi ukwabelana ngeendaba ezifanako ngasikhathi sinye.
Speaker notes
Gandelela ukutjhentjha okukhulu: ukugadangisa kwavumela ilwazi ukurhatjheka ebantwini abanengi ngasikhathi sinye, ingasi kwabambalwa abanaziincwadi ezikhotjhwe ngesandla. Buza abafundi bona basawabona kuphi amezwi agadangisiweko namhlanjesi (iincwadi, amaphephandaba, amabhoksi wombila, amaphoswta). Qaphela bona lokhu kwenza ukufunda neendaba zafumaneka ebantwini abanengi khulu.
Uthumela njani amezwakho kumuntu odorobheni elinye?
Abantu bebatlola iincwadi bese bazithumela nge-posi. Iincwadi bezithwalwa babantu ngeenyawo, ngamahatjhi, ngemikhumbi bese ngokukhamba kwesikhathi ngesitimela nangebhanoyi. Incwadi beyingathwala amezwakho aqondileko awuse emndenini nebanganini abakhatjhana.
- Ubeka incwadi ngaphakathi kwemvilophu bese ungezelela isitembu nekheli.
- Ihofisi yeposi ibuthelela iincwadi bese iyazithumela endaweni efaneleko.
- Incwadi beyingathatha amalanga namkha amaveke bona ifike khatjhana.
Speaker notes
Yenza indlela yeposi ibonakale iyinghilazi - abafundi abanengi basangathola amaphasela. Veza ikheli nesitembu njenge 'khowudi' eyenza incwadi ifike ekhaya elifaneleko. Qathanisa isikhathi sokulinda (amalanga namkha amaveke) nemilayezo yanamhlanjesi eqondileko, okuyixhumano elihle neentlaka ezilandelako.
Imitjhini emitjha yavumela imilayezo ukukhamba cabe njengombani, ngeentambo.
I-thelegirafu (telegraph) beyithumela imilayezo njengeempawu ezimfitjhani nezinde ngeentambo isebenzisa ikhowudi ekhethekileko. Ngemva kwalokho i-thelefumu, eyavezwa ngo-1876, yavumela abantu bona bezwane amezwi kummango omude. Kokuthoma khonokho ungakhuluma nomuntu okhatjhana, ngaso leso sikhathi.
- I-thelegirafu beyithumela imilayezo ngekhowudi yamachaphaza nemidwa.
- I-thelefumu yavumela abantu ukukhuluma nokulalela ngaso leso sikhathi.
- Imitjhini le yenza ukukhulumisana kwaraba khulu kunencwadi.
Speaker notes
Izinga leBanga 4: gandelela umbono omkhulu wokobana amezwi bewangakhamba khatjhana ngeentambo. Ungabala uAlexander Graham Bell njengomuntu ohlotjaniswa nethelefumu ngo-1876. [SME] Qinisekisa ilanga lokwethulwa kwethelefumu nethelegirafu eSewula Afrika nangabe kufunwa ilanga langekhaya. Buza abafundi bona bacabange bazwa iphimbo lomkhulu namkha ugogo kokuthoma khonokho kusuka khatjhana.
Nje imilayezo beyingafika ebantwini abazinkulungwana ngasikhathi sinye, ngaphandle kweentambo.
I-msakazo (radio) ithumela umdumo ngomoya, nje-ke abantu abanengi bangalalela iindaba ezifanako, umnyanya neendatjana ngasikhathi sinye. Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi, i-thelevitjhini yangezelela imifanekiso ekhambako emdumeni. ESewula Afrika, ukusakaza komsakazo kwathoma ngeminyaka yabo-1930 kwathi ithelevitjhini yathoma ngo-1976.
- Umsakazo waletha iindaba, umnyanya nezemidlalo emakhaya wabantu.
- Ithelevitjhini yangezelela imifanekiso, nje-ke besingabona izehlakalo ngaphandle kokuzizwa kwaphela.
- Ukusakaza kunye bekungafika ebantwini abanengi elizweni loke ngasikhathi sinye.
Speaker notes
Gqamisa ukweqela ekusakazeni: umlayezo munye ofika ebantwini abazinkulungwana ngomzuzu munye. [SME] Qinisekisa amalanga wokusakaza weSewula Afrika - ukusakaza komsakazo eSewula Afrika kuvamise ukubalwa emnyakeni yabo-1920 ukuya kwabo-1930 (i-SABC yasungulwa ngo-1936) begodu ithelevitjhini yesitjhaba yathoma ngo-1976; qinisekisa ukwakheka ngokuqondileko ngaphambi kokugadangisa. Buza abafundi bona ngisiphi abasisebenzisa khulu namhlanjesi, umsakazo namkha ithelevitjhini, begodu kubayini.
Namhlanjesi singathumela amezwi, imifanekiso namaphimbo ephasini loke ngemizuzwana.
Ama-khompiyutha ne-inthanethi kuxhumanisa abantu ephasini loke. Sithumela ama-imeyili nemilayezo, sabelane ngeenthombe bese sibize ngevidiyo umndeni emazweni amanye. Umakhalekhukhwini usivumela ukwenza koke lokhu ephaketheni lethu, cabe nanyana ngikuphi lapho siya khona.
- I-inthanethi isivumela ukuthumela umlayezo ephasini loke ngemizuzwana.
- Umakhalekhukhwini ungabiza, uthumele umlayezo, uthathe iinthombe bese uya ku-inthanethi.
- Nje singabona begodu sizwe abantu abakhatjhana ngaso leso sikhathi.
Speaker notes
Yiletha ekuphileni kwabafundi - abanengi bazakuwazi kuhle umakhalekhukhwini ne-inthanethi. Qaphela bona i-inthanethi yathoma ukusetjenziswa kabanzi ngeminyaka yabo-1990 begodu nomakhalekhukhwini waba ovamileko eSewula Afrika ngeminyaka yabo-1990 nawo. [SME] Qinisekisa ukwethulwa komakhalekhukhwini eSewula Afrika (amanetjhweke wemakhalekhukhwini asungulwa ngo-1994) nangabe kusetjenziswa ilanga. Buza: yini engenziwa mumakhalekhukhwini engeze yenziwa yincwadi, begodu yini incwadi esaqhubeka nokuyenza kuhle?
- Long ago Ukukhuluma, ukurhaba iindatjana, amagubhu nomsizi weempawu
- Long ago I-rock art ependwe ngabeSan
- Ancient times Ukutlola nama-alfabhethi kuyathoma
- About 1440 I-printing press yenza iincwadi ezinengi
- 1876 I-thelefumu yavumela amezwi ukukhamba khatjhana
- 1930s Ukusakaza komsakazo kufika emakhaya weSewula Afrika
- 1976 Ithelevitjhini yathoma eSewula Afrika
- 1990s I-inthanethi nomakhalekhukhwini kwarhatjheka kabanzi
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa islayidi lesi ukubuyekeza loke ikhambo ngokulandelana. Veza iphetheni: ekuthomeni imilayezo beyikhamba kancani begodu ifika kwabambalwa, kuthi ngokukhamba kwesikhathi yaraba begodu yafika kwabanengi. [SME] Amalanga wabo-1930 womsakazo nowe-1440 we-printing press yimihlobo yokufundisa eqinisekisa - qinisekisa ngaphambi kokugadangisa. Buza abafundi bona ngiwuphi umtjhini abacabanga bona watjhentjha ukuphila kwabantu khulu.
Amathulusi atjhentjhe khulu, kodwana ibanga esikhulumisana ngalo lisahlala lifana.
Kusahlala kufana
Sisakhulumisana ukwabelana ngeendaba, ukubawa irhelebho, nokuhlala sitjhidelene nabantu esibathandako.
Kuraba khulu
Umlayezo obewuthatha amaveke ngencwadi nje uthatha imizuzwana kwaphela ku-inthanethi.
Kufika ebantwini abanengi
Igubhu belifika esabelweni sinye; i-inthanethi ingafika ephasini loke.
Speaker notes
Veza umbono weCAPS wokutjhentjha nokuraphuka. Okutjhentjhileko: isantja, ummango nenani labantu esingafika kibo. Okuhlale kufana: itlhogeko yomuntu yokwabelana ngolwazi nokuhlala sixhumene. Lokhu kurhelebha abafundi ukubona umlando njengokutjhentjha nezinto eziqhubekako. Mema iimbonelo ezivela emindenini yabo.
Ukukhulumisana kukhule kusukela eendatjaneni ezikhulunywako namagubhu ukuya e-inthanethi - kodwana injongo yakho ihlala ifana.
Sikhambe ukusukela ekukhulumeni, emagubhini nomsizini weempawu, ukuya e-rock art nasekutloleni, ukuya ekugadangiseni, eposini, ethelefumini, emsakazweni, ethelevitjhinini bese ekugcineni e-inthanethini nomakhalekhukhwinini. Ithulusi ngalinye elitjha lavumela imilayezo ukukhamba ngokurhaba nokufika ebantwini abanengi.
Q. Qamula iindlela ezimbili abantu abakhulumisana ngazo kade, ngaphambi kokutlola. (2 marks)
Q. Hlathulula bona ithelefumu yayitjhentjha njani indlela abantu abakhulumisana ngayo. (3 marks)
Q. Khetha ithulusi linye lesikhathi samanjesi (umsakazo, ithelevitjhini, i-inthanethi namkha umakhalekhukhwini) bese uthi kubayini liyasiza. (3 marks)
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa imibuzo emithathu njengokubuyekeza okukhulunywako namkha okutloliweko. Iimpendulo eziphakanyisiweko: (1) nanyana ngiziphi ezimbili zokukhuluma/ukurhaba iindatjana, amagubhu, umsizi weempawu, iinthunywa, i-rock art; (2) yavumela abantu ukuzwana amezwi kummango omude, ngaso leso sikhathi, kunokulinda incwadi; (3) yamukela nanyana ngisiphi isizathu esinengqondo - sifika ebantwini abanengi, siyaraba, siletha iindaba begodu sisivumela ukuhlala sixhumene. Phetha ngokubawa abafundi bacabange bona ukukhulumisana kuzokuba njani nabakhulileko.
- Grade
- Grade 4
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- Communication through time
- Resource type
- Presentation