Indlela ukwanda kweYurophu ngaphaya kolwandle ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1400 okwaguqula ngayo iAmerika, iAfrika kunye neKapa - kwaza kwakha inkqubo yobukhoboka ekusaviwa iziphumo zayo nanamhlanje.
Speaker notes
Beka isihloko. Le yiyunithi yembali yehlabathi ejonge inxibelelwano lweYurophu, iAmerika, iNtshona Afrika kunye neKapa. Gxininisa iinkqubo ezimbini ezinxibeleleneyo abafundi abaza kuzilandela: (1) ukwanda kweYurophu kunye nokoyisa, kunye (2) norhwebo lwamakhoboka lwe-Atlantic olwavela kulo. Bonisa kwangaphambili ukuba siza kuphelela eKapa, apho eli bali lehlabathi lifika khona eMzantsi Afrika. Beka isimo esihlalutyayo esifanele i-FET: sikhangela izizathu, iziphumo kunye neembono ezahlukeneyo, kungekhona nje iziganeko.
IYurophu yayingelogaba lehlabathi ngo-1500 - yayilelinye lamaphondo amaninzi asisityebi nanamandla.
Ngo-1500 amaziko amakhulu amandla norhwebo ayekhona kwihlabathi liphela: i-Ming eTshayina, i-Mughal kunye namanye amazwe eIndiya, uBukhosi base-Ottoman kuwo wonke uMzantsi weMpuma yeMeditera, uBukhosi obusisityebi base-Songhai eNtshona Afrika, kunye nobukhosi base-Aztec nase-Inca eAmerika.
- Urhwebo lomgama omde ngegolide, iziqholo, iilaphu kunye nabantu abakhotyokisiweyo lwaseluqhagamshelanisa iAfrika, iAsia kunye neYurophu.
- Amazwe aseYurophu ayemancinci ngokulinganayo kwaye ayefuna ukungena ngokuthe ngqo kurhwebo olusisityebi lweziqholo lwaseAsia.
- Ama-Ottoman ayelawula iindlela zomhlaba eziya empuma, oku kwatyhalela abaseYurophu ukuba bakhangele indlela yolwandle.
Speaker notes
Lungisa impazamo eqhelekileyo yokucinga ukuba iYurophu yayiphambili ngokukhethekileyo. Gxininisa ukuba abaseYurophu banda kancinci kuba babesecaleni kweenethiweki zorhwebo ezasele zikhona kwaye babefuna ukungena. Ukubiza ubukhosi baseAfrika naseAmerika kwangaphambili kumisela ingongoma yamva ethi ukoyisa kwatshabalalisa uluntu oluphuculweyo, kungekhona imihlaba 'engenanto'. Le yindawo elungileyo yokuzoba imephu yehlabathi ngokukrwada ebhodini.
Ababhali-mbali badla ngokushwankathela iinjongo ngokuthi 'uThixo, igolide nozuko' - kodwa itekhnoloji entsha yenza ukwanda kwenzeke.
Igolide (ubutyebi)
Ukufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kwiziqholo, igolide kunye neemarike ezintsha kwathembisa iinzuzo ezinkulu kubarhwebi nakoosetyhini.
UThixo (inkolo)
Abalawuli kunye neCawa babefuna ukusasaza ubuKristu kunye nokukhuphisana nelizwe lamaSilamsi.
Uzuko (amandla)
IPortugal, iSpain kunye nabanye emva koko bakhuphisana ngodumo, umhlaba kunye nenzuzo yokoyisa amaqabane.
Itekhnoloji
Inqanawa yecaravel, ikhampasi, i-astrolabe kunye neemephu ezingcono kunye neekhanoni zenza uhambo olude lolwandle lube nokwenzeka.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa ibinzana lika-'Thixo, igolide, uzuko' njengesixhobo sokukhumbula kodwa tyhalela abafundi ukuba balinganise ukuba yeyiphi injongo ebaluleke kakhulu - isakhono se-FET esiqhelekileyo sokuhlalutya. Yongeza ukuba itekhnoloji (indlela) yahlukile kwinjongo (isizathu): iinjongo zazikhona kwangaphambili, kodwa iinqanawa ezintsha kunye nezixhobo zokukhangela indlela zaguqula amabhongo aba yintshukumo. Cela abafundi ukuba baqhube izinto ezine ngokwamandla baze bacacise ukhetho lwabo.
Izikumkani ezimbini ezincinci zase-Atlantic zavula iindlela zolwandle ezaphinda zamisela urhwebo lwehlabathi.
IPortugal yatyhalela ezantsi kunxweme lwaseAfrika: uBartolomeu Dias wajikeleza iCape of Good Hope ngo-1488, kwaye uVasco da Gama wafikelela eIndiya ngolwandle ngo-1498. ISpain yasingasentshona: ngo-1492 uChristopher Columbus wafikelela e-Caribbean, ekholelwa ukuba wayefumene indlela eya eAsia.
- Indlela yamaPortugal ejikeleza iAfrika yanika iYurophu ukufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kwiziqholo zaseAsia.
- Uhambo lukaColumbus lwavula iAmerika kuhlaselo nokuhlala kwabaseYurophu.
- Ngo-1494 iSivumelwano saseTordesillas sahlula ihlabathi elingelolaseYurophu phakathi kwePortugal neSpain.
Speaker notes
Gcina imihla njengeziseko kodwa ugxininise ukubaluleka: indlela yamaPortugal (ejikeleza iAfrika) kunye nendlela yamaSpain (ewela i-Atlantic) yadala ubukhosi obubini obahlukeneyo. Qaphela intlekele kulwimi lo-'kufumana' - uda Gama noColumbus bafikelela emihlabeni eyayisele iyikhaya lezigidi zabantu. ISivumelwano saseTordesillas sibonisa abaseYurophu behlula umhlaba wabanye abantu ngaphandle kwemvume. Nxibelelanisa phambili: indlela yolwandle yaseKapa ichaza kutheni abaseYurophu bahlala eKapa kamva.
Ngaphakathi kwesizukulwana esinye, imikhosi emincinci yaseSpain yabhukuqa obubini bubukhosi obukhulu ehlabathini.
Iiconquistador zaseSpain (abahlaseli) zahlasela umhlaba omkhulu waseAmerika. UHernan Cortes wabhukuqa uBukhosi base-Aztec (kummandla ongoku waseMexico) phakathi ko-1519 no-1521, kwaye uFrancisco Pizarro woyisa uBukhosi base-Inca (kummandla ongoku wasePeru) ukususela ngo-1532.
- AmaSpain athimba imveliso emikhulu yegolide nesilivere.
- Umhlaba abantu ababoyisiweyo babelwa kubahlali phantsi kwenkqubo ye-encomienda.
- Isilivere evela kwimigodi enjenge-Potosi yangena kuqoqosho lwehlabathi ngeSpain.
Speaker notes
Nika abafundi ubungakanani: amakhulu ambalwa amaSpain oyisa ubukhosi bezigidi zabantu. Loo nkohliso lulungelelwaniso lweslayidi elilandelayo. Yazisa i-encomienda njengomsebenzi wokunyanzelwa obonisa kwangaphambili ubukhoboka bamva. Phepha ukuzukisa ii-conquistador - sebenzisa igama elithi 'wahlasela' endaweni ka-'wafumana'. Isilivere yasePotosi ngumzekelo omhle wendlela ukoyisa okwondla ngayo uqoqosho olutsha lwehlabathi.
Izixhobo eziphambili zodwa azikuchazi oku - izifo kunye nemanyano zazibalulekile.
Ababhali-mbali bakhomba izinto ezidibeneyo ezininzi endaweni yesizathu esinye. Eyona yayibhubhisa yayizizifo: abaseYurophu bathwala ingqakaqha, imasisi kunye nezinye izifo ekwakungekho makhulelwana kubantu boomdabu baseAmerika.
- Ubhubhane wabulala inxalenye enkulu yabantu boomdabu, wathobisa uxinzelelo.
- Izixhobo zentsimbi, imipu, iikhava kunye namahashe zanika amaSpain ithuba emfazweni.
- AmaSpain axhaphaza iimbambano, adibana nabantu ababecaphukela ulawulo lwe-Aztec okanye lwe-Inca.
Speaker notes
Le yiyona slayidi iphambili yohlalutyo. Chasa ibali lika-'ubungcono baseYurophu': eyona nto yabulala kakhulu yayizizifo, ezaziyingozi engacwangciswanga, kungekhona uphawu lwempucuko engcono. Izixhobo namahashe zanceda emfazweni, kwaye imanyano yasekhaya yanika uninzi lomkhosi wokulwa. Cela abafundi ukuba bachaze ukuba kutheni ukuxhomekeka kwisizathu esinye kunika umfanekiso odukisayo wembali. [SME] Amanani okuphulukana nabantu eAmerika ahluka kakhulu phakathi kwababhali-mbali - hlala ku-'inxalenye enkulu' ngaphandle kokuba umthombo ucacisa uluhlu.
Ukoyisa kwazisa ukuwa kwenani labantu - kwaza kwadala unqongophalo lwabasebenzi olwaqhuba urhwebo lwamakhoboka.
Inani labantu boomdabu lehla ngamandla ngenxa yezifo, imfazwe kunye nomsebenzi wokunyanzelwa. Njengoko abaseYurophu bemisela iiplantation (amasimi amakhulu) kunye nemigodi ukuze bakhulise iswekile, igwada baze bemba isilivere, babefuna abasebenzi abaninzi abalawulekayo.
- Amasimi eswekile e-Caribbean naseBrazil ayenenzuzo enkulu kodwa efuna abasebenzi abaninzi kakhulu.
- Njengoko amanani abantu boomdabu ehla, abaseYurophu bajika baya kuma-Afrika akhotyokisiweyo.
- Olu khetho lwadibanisa iAmerika, iYurophu kunye neAfrika kwinkqubo enye ye-Atlantic.
Speaker notes
Zoba ikhonkco lonobangela ngokucacileyo: ukoyisa -> ukuwa kwenani labantu -> unqongophalo lwabasebenzi -> imfuno yabasebenzi baseAfrika abakhotyokisiweyo. Le yibhulorho esuka kwicala 'lokoyisa' leyunithi ukuya kwicala 'lorhwebo lwamakhoboka'. Qaphela ukuba iinzuzo zamasimi, ngakumbi eziswekile, yayiyinjini yezoqoqosho. Gxininisa ukuba ukukhotyokisa ama-Afrika yayilukhetho olwenziwe ngenzuzo, ingekokuthi kwakumele kwenzeke.
Kwiminyaka emalunga ne-350, kuqikelelwa ukuba izigidi ezili-12 zama-Afrika zanyanzelwa ukuwela i-Atlantic.
Abarhwebi baseYurophu babethenga okanye bethimba abantu eNtshona nakuMbindi Afrika baze babathumele eAmerika ukuze basebenze njengabasebenzi abakhotyokisiweyo. Abantu abakhotyokisiweyo babephathwa ngokomthetho njengempahla enokuthengwa, ithengiswe, idluliselwe njengelifa.
- Malunga nezigidi ezili-12 zama-Afrika zafakwa ezinqanaweni; malunga nezigidi ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-11 zasinda ekuweleni.
- Abanye abalawuli neentengiso zaseAfrika bathatha inxaxheba ekuboneleleni ngabathinjwa, ngokuqhelekileyo ngemfazwe.
- Urhwebo lwakhupha abantu eAfrika lwaza lwaxhasa iimbambano, ngelixa lusityebisa amazibuko aseYurophu.
Speaker notes
Phatha amanani ngokunobuhlakani: caphula uqikelelo olusetyenziswa kakhulu lwabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezili-12 abafakwa ezinqanaweni. Yenza kucace intsingiselo yoluntu engaphaya kwenani - inani ngalinye lalingumntu onosapho nekhaya. Chaphaza ukubandakanyeka kweAfrika ngokunyaniseka kodwa ngobunono: amanye amazwe aseAfrika athatha inxaxheba, ngokufuthi phantsi koxinzelelo okanye ngenzuzo yawo, kodwa abaseYurophu badala baza balawula imfuno. Phepha ukubeka ityala kude kwinkqubo eyayilawulwa ngabaseYurophu. [SME] Qinisekisa amanani ezigidi ezili-12 / ezili-10-11 ezasindayo ngokuchasene ne-Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database okanye umthombo we-SAHO ocatshuliweyo ngaphambi kwemveliso.
Iinqanawa zazilandela indlela enamacala amathathu eyayiguqula abantu abakhotyokisiweyo babenzuzo kwisigaba ngasinye.
Urhwebo lwamacala amathathu lwadibanisa imimandla emithathu. Iimpahla eziveliswayo zazisuka eYurophu zisiya eAfrika; ama-Afrika akhotyokisiweyo athunyelwa ewela i-Atlantic (iMiddle Passage); iimveliso zamasimi ezinjengeswekile, igwada nomqhaphu zazibuyela eYurophu.
- Icala 1: imipu, ilaphu kunye neempahla zentsimbi ezisuka eYurophu zisiya kunxweme lwaseNtshona Afrika.
- Icala 2: abantu abakhotyokisiweyo abasuka eAfrika besiya eAmerika - iMiddle Passage.
- Icala 3: iswekile, irum, igwada kunye nomqhaphu ezisuka eAmerika zibuyela eYurophu.
Speaker notes
Hamba amacala amathathu kumzobo. Gxininisa ukuba 'iimpahla' kwicala lesibini yayingabantu - apha kulapho umzobo unokufihla ubunzima, ngoko wubize ngegama. Chaphaza ukuba inzuzo yayisenziwa kwikona nganye, oko kutsho izizathu zokuba abarhwebi nezixeko ezininzi zaseYurophu zaxhasa inkqubo. Le slayidi imisela iMiddle Passage, ejongwa ngokusondeleyo ngokulandelayo.
Ukuwela i-Atlantic yayilulingo olubi olwabangela ukuba abaninzi bangasindi.
KwiMiddle Passage, abantu abakhotyokisiweyo babexineka ngezantsi kwenqanawa kuhambo olwalunokuhlala iiveki ezininzi. Iimeko zaziphithizele kwaye zingcolile, kwaye izifo, inkohlakalo kunye nokuphelelwa lithemba zabangela ukufa okuninzi.
- Abantu babebotshelelwe ngamakhamandela, benikwa ukutya namanzi amancinci, baze bahluthwe isidima esisiseko.
- Inxalenye ephawulekayo yafa ngethuba lokuwela ngenxa yezifo kunye nokuphathwa gadalala.
- Nangona kunjalo, abantu abakhotyokisiweyo bachasa - ngokwala ukutya, ngokuvukela nangokubambelela kwinkumbulo nenkcubeko.
Speaker notes
Le yeyona slayidi inovakalelo - yityibele ngokunyanisekileyo kodwa ngaphandle kweenkcukacha ezingeyomfuneko. Injongo luvelwano nokuqonda, hayi ukothusa. Vuma ukuba le mbali inokukhathaza, ngakumbi kubafundi abo ookhokho babo bachaphazeleka, uze udale ithuba lengxoxo enembeko. Phelisa ngokuzenzela kwabantu: abantu abakhotyokisiweyo babengengomaxhoba nje kuphela kodwa bachasa baze bagcina inkcubeko, oko kukhokelela kwislayidi elilandelayo. Phepha inkcazelo ecacileyo; gxila kwintswela-bulungisa nobuntu babo babekhotyokisiwe.
Abantu abakhotyokisiweyo babengezizo nje izinto ezingasebenziyo - bachasa ngeendlela ezininzi baza bakha iinkcubeko ezintsha.
EAmerika, abantu abakhotyokisiweyo bajongana nomsebenzi wokunyanzelwa nogonyamelo kumasimi, kodwa bachasa elubala nangasese baza bakha uluntu neziidentiti ezintsha.
- Ukuchasa elubala kwaquka ukuvukela, ukubaleka kunye nokwakha uluntu olukhululekileyo lwabantu ababalekayo.
- Ukuchasa kwemihla ngemihla kwaquka ukusebenza kancinci, ukwaphula izixhobo kunye nokugcina iilwimi, umculo nenkolo ziphila.
- IMvukelo yaseHaiti (1791-1804) yabona abantu abakhotyokisiweyo bebhukuqa ubukhoboka baze basungula ilizwe elikhululekileyo.
Speaker notes
Linganisa ukubandezeleka kweslayidi elidluleyo nokuzenzela apha - oku kubalulekile kwingxelo enembeko nechanekileyo. Yahlula ukuchasa elubala (ukuvukela, i-marronage) kwukuchasa kwemihla ngemihla (ukusebenza kancinci, ukusinda kwenkcubeko). IMvukelo yaseHaiti ngumzekelo onamandla wabantu abakhotyokisiweyo bezuza inkululeko baze bumba imbali yehlabathi. Le slayidi ikwabonisa isakhono se-FET sokuqaphela imbono nokuzenzela, kungekhona ubuxhoba nje.
Xa amaDatshi ahlala eKapa ngo-1652, akha uluntu lobukhoboka olwathatha kwihlabathi loLwandlekazi lweIndiya.
IDutch East India Company (VOC) yamisela isikhululo sokuhlaziya eKapa ngo-1652. Ukususela ngo-1658 yangenisa abantu abakhotyokisiweyo - ikakhulu besuka eMpuma Afrika, eMadagascar, eIndiya nakuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia - ukuze basebenze njengabasebenzi, iingcibi kunye nabasebenzi basekhaya.
- Ubukhoboka baseKapa bathatha kurhwebo loLwandlekazi lweIndiya, kungekhona ikakhulu kurhwebo lwe-Atlantic.
- ISlave Lodge yeNkampani eKapa yayibamba abaninzi babantu abakhotyokisiweyo be-VOC.
- IBritani yapelisa urhwebo lwamakhoboka ngo-1807 yaza yapelisa ubukhoboka eKapa ukususela ngo-1834, kwalandela iminyaka emine 'yobufundisi-ntsebenzo' (apprenticeship).
Speaker notes
Yenza ibali lehlabathi libe lelasekhaya: iKapa yaseMzantsi Afrika yayiyinxalenye yeloxesha linye lokwanda nobukhoboka, kodwa yayibonelelwa ikakhulu ngoLwandlekazi lweIndiya endaweni ye-Atlantic. Oku kwahluko kudla ngokuvavanywa. Qaphela imvelaphi eyahlukeneyo yamakhoboka aseKapa, eyabumba inkcubeko yaseKapa, ulwimi (isiBhulu) noluntu. ISlave Lodge eKapa yindawo ebonakalayo, enokutyelelwa, abafundi abanokuyazi. Phawula ithunzi elide: inkululeko yango-1834-1838 ayizange izise ukulingana, oko kunxibelelanisa nembali yaseMzantsi Afrika kamva.
- 1488 UDias ujikeleza iCape of Good Hope
- 1492 UColumbus ufikelela e-Caribbean
- 1498 UDa Gama ufikelela eIndiya ngolwandle
- 1519-21 UCortes woyisa uBukhosi base-Aztec
- 1532 UPizarro uhlasela uBukhosi base-Inca
- 1652 AmaDatshi ahlala eKapa; ubukhoboka bulandela
- 1807 IBritani ipelisa urhwebo lwamakhoboka
- 1834-38 Ubukhoboka baphela eKapa, kwalandela ubufundisi-ntsebenzo
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa ixesha-nqumla ukudibanisa yonke iyunithi nokubonisa ukuba iziganeko zinxibelelene ngokuqinileyo kangakanani kwixesha elide elinye. Cela abafundi ukuba bachonge amakhonkco onobangela phakathi kweengeniso (umzekelo, indlela ukoyisa eAmerika okunxibelelana ngayo nokukhula korhwebo lwamakhoboka). Chaphaza ukuba upheliso lorhwebo (1807) lweza phambi kwupheliso lobukhoboka ngokwabo (ngoo-1830), umahluko odla ngokuvavanywa.
Ukwanda kweYurophu, ukoyiswa kweAmerika kunye norhwebo lwamakhoboka lwe-Atlantic yayiziinxalenye zenkqubo enye enxibeleleneyo eneziphumo ezihlala ixesha elide.
Ukususela ngoo-1400, ukwanda kweYurophu kwadibanisa amazwekazi kwiinethiweki ezintsha zorhwebo namandla. Ukoyisa kwatshabalalisa iAmerika kwaza kwadala imfuno yabasebenzi eyaqhuba urhwebo lwamakhoboka lwe-Atlantic, ngelixa eKapa uluntu lobukhoboka lwabumbeka ngehlabathi loLwandlekazi lweIndiya. Ezi nkqubo zabumba ihlabathi lanamhlanje - kwaye zisaphetha njengomxholo wengxoxo nenkumbulo nanamhlanje.
Q. Chaza ukuba kutheni amazwe aseYurophu anda ngaphaya kolwandle ukususela ngoo-1400. Bhekisa kubuncinane iinjongo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo kwimpendulo yakho. (6 marks)
Q. 'Izifo, kungekhona izixhobo ezingcono, yayisisona sizathu siphambili sokuba amaSpain oyise iAmerika.' Uyavuma? Xhasa uluvo lwakho ngobungqina. (8 marks)
Q. Chaza ukuba ukoyiswa kweAmerika kwanxibelelaniswa njani nokukhula korhwebo lwamakhoboka lwe-Atlantic. (6 marks)
Speaker notes
Qukumbela ngokugxininisa umgca odlulayo: ukwanda, ukoyisa nobukhoboka zazinxibelelene, kungekhona imixholo eyahlukeneyo. Le mibuzo mithathu imela iindlela ze-CAPS FET - inkcazelo eqingqiweyo (Q1), ingxoxo exhaswe ngumthombo okanye isigwebo esifana nesincoko (Q2), kunye nomnxibelelwano wonobangela-nesiphumo (Q3). Khumbuza abafundi ukuba basebenzise ubungqina baze baqwalasele ngaphezu kwembono enye. Qaphela ukuba le yunithi ikhokelela kumsebenzi weBanga le-10 kamva ngoqoqosho lwobukoloniyali baseKapa kunye nokwenziwa koluntu lwaseMzantsi Afrika.
- Grade
- Grade 10
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- European expansion, conquest and the slave trade
- Resource type
- Presentation