Indlela ukwanda kweYurophu ngaphandle kwamalwandle kusukela ngeminyaka yabo-1400 okwatjhugulula ngayo ama-Amerika, i-Afrika kunye neKapa - kwakha nesistimu yobugqila okuseloko kubonakala imiphumela yayo nanamhlanjesi.
Speaker notes
Beka isihloko. Le yiyunithi yomlando wephasi loke ehlanganisa iYurophu, ama-Amerika, iNtjhonalanga ye-Afrika neKapa. Gandelela iinqubo eembili ezihlangeneko abafundi abazozilandela: (1) ukwanda nokunqoba kweYurophu, kunye (2) nokuthengiselana ngeengqila kwe-Atlantic okuvela kilokho. Tjengisa ngaphambili bona sizophetha eKapa, lapho le indaba yephasi loke ifika khona eSewula Afrika. Beka ubujamo bokuhlaziya obufaneleko kwi-FET: sifuna iimbangela, imiphumela nemibono ehlukahlukeneko, ingasi kwaphela iimehlakalo.
IYurophu bekungasi yingcenye ephakathi yephasi ngo-1500 - bekuyingcenye eyodwa eminyeni ehlukahlukeneko enepumelelo namandla.
Ngo-1500 iindawo ezikhulu zamandla nezokuthengiselana bezikhona kilo loke iphasi: ama-Ming eTjhayina, ima-Mughal neminye imibuso e-India, umBuso wama-Ottoman ngaphesheya kweMedithera esewula, umBuso onepumelelo we-Songhai eNtjhonalanga ye-Afrika, kunye nemibuso yama-Aztec neyama-Inca e-Amerika.
- Ukuthengiselana ebangeni elide ngegolide, iziqholo, iindwangu kunye nabantu abagqilaziweko bekuvele kuhlanganisa i-Afrika, i-Asia neYurophu.
- Imibuso yeYurophu beyincani begodu ifuna ukufinyelela ngokunqophileko ekuthengiselaneni kweziqholo ze-Asia okunepumelelo.
- Ama-Ottoman bewalawula iindlela zangaphezu komhlaba eziya empumalanga, okwenza abantu beYurophu bafune indlela yelwandle.
Speaker notes
Lungisa umbono owenziwa iphutha othi iYurophu beyithuthuke ngokukhethekileko. Gandelela bona abantu beYurophu banda ngengcenye ngombana bebasemaphethelweni wamanetiweki wokuthengiselana avele akhona begodu bafuna ukungena kiwo. Ukuqamba imibuso ye-Afrika neye-Amerika ekuthomeni kubeka iphuzu elizako lokobana ukunqoba kwatjhabalalisa imiphakathi ehlelekileko, ingasi iindawo 'ezingenamuntu'. Le yindawo ehle yokudweba ibalazwe lephasi elingatjhingako ebhodini.
Iimchazi-mlando zivamise ukufingqa iimbangela ngokuthi 'uZimu, igolide nedumo' - kodwana ithekinoloji entjha yenza ukwanda kwakghoneka.
Igolide (umnotho)
Ukufinyelela ngokunqophileko eziqholweni, egolideni nezimakethe ezintjha kwathembisa inzuzo enkulu kubathengiselani nakubakhosi.
UZimu (ikholo)
Ababusi neSondo bebafuna ukurhatjha ubuKrestu nokuncintisana nephasi lamaSlamusi.
Idumo (amandla)
IPutukezi, iSpaniya kunye neminye ngemva kwalezo yancintisana ngedumo, ngommango nangethuba lokudlula abaphikisi.
Ithekinoloji
Ikaravela, ikhampasi, i-astrolabe, amabalazwe angcono kunye nezibhamu ezikhulu kwenza amakhambo amade welwandle akghoneka.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa ibinzana elithi 'uZimu, igolide, idumo' njengendlela yokukhumbula kodwana khuthaza abafundi bona bakale bona ngiyiphi imbangela ebiqakathekileko khulu - ikghono elivamileko lokuhlaziya le-FET. Yengeza bona ithekinoloji (iindlela) yehlukile embangeleni (isizathu): iimbangela bezivele zikhona ngaphambili, kodwana imikhumbi emitjha namathulusi wokuseyila kwatjhugulula ihloso kwaba yisenzo. Buza abafundi bona bahlele iimbangela ezine begodu bacaphule ukhetho lwabo.
Imibuso emibili emincani ye-Atlantic yavula iindlela zelwandle ezahlela kabutjha ukuthengiselana kwephasi loke.
IPutukezi yagandelela iya esewula nelwandle le-Afrika: uBartolomeu Dias wazombeleza iKapa yeThemba eliHle ngo-1488, begodu u-Vasco da Gama wafika e-India ngelwandle ngo-1498. ISpaniya yaseyila iya etjhingalanga: ngo-1492 u-Christopher Columbus wafika e-Caribbean, akholelwa bona utfumene indlela eya e-Asia.
- Indlela yePutukezi ezombeleza i-Afrika yanikela iYurophu ukufinyelela ngokunqophileko eziqholweni ze-Asia.
- Amakhambo kaColumbus wavula ama-Amerika ekuhlaselweni nekuhlaleni kwabantu beYurophu.
- Ngo-1494 iSivumelwano seTordesillas sahlukanisa iphasi elingasilo leYurophu phakathi kwePutukezi neSpaniya.
Speaker notes
Gcina amalanga njengeempawu zokubamba kodwana godola esiqinisweni: indlela yePutukezi (ezombeleza i-Afrika) nendlela yeSpaniya (enqamula i-Atlantic) yenza imibuso emibili ehlukeneko. Tjheja isizinda esibuhlungu ebunjeni belimi elithi 'ukutfumana' - uda Gama noColumbus bafika emazweni abevele akhaya labantu abangaphezu kwesigidi. ISivumelwano seTordesillas sitjengisa abantu beYurophu bahlukanisa umhlaba wabanye abantu ngaphandle kwemvumo. Hlanganisa nangaphambili: indlela yelwandle leKapa iyahlathulula bona kubayini abantu beYurophu bagcina bahlala eKapa.
Ngaphakathi kwesizukulwana sinye, amabutho amancani weSpaniya awisa emibili yemibuso emikhulu khulu yephasi.
Ama-conquistador (abanqobi) weSpaniya bahlasela umhlabathi omkhulu wama-Amerika. U-Hernan Cortes wawisa umBuso wama-Aztec (eMexico yanamhlanjesi) phakathi kuka-1519 no-1521, begodu u-Francisco Pizarro wanqoba umBuso wama-Inca (ePeru yanamhlanjesi) kusukela ngo-1532.
- AmaSpaniya athumba iinqhema ezikhulu zegolide nesiliva.
- Umhlaba onqotjhiweko nabantu abanqotjhiweko babeliwa kubahlali ngaphasi kwesistimu ye-encomienda.
- Isiliva evela emayini afana ne-Potosi yageleza yangena emnothweni wephasi loke ngeSpaniya.
Speaker notes
Nikela abafundi ubukhulu: amakhulu ambalwa wamaSpaniya anqoba imibuso yeengidi zabantu. Loko okurareleko kuyisisekelo seslayidi elilandelako. Ethula i-encomienda njengomsebenzi wokugandelela obonakalisa ubugqila obulandelako. Balekela ukubabaza abanqobi - sebenzisa ibizo elithi 'bahlasela' esikhundleni sokuthi 'batfumana'. Isiliva ye-Potosi siyisibonelo esihle sokobana ukunqoba kwafunza njani umnotho omutjha wephasi loke.
Iinkhali ezingcono zodwa azihlathululi loko - amalwelwe nokuhlanganyela kwaba nesiqinto.
Iimchazi-mlando zikhomba iimbangela ezinengi ezihlanganisiweko kunembangela eyodwa kwaphela. Ebimbi khulu amalwelwe: abantu beYurophu baletha ingxibongo (isibhelu), imashinsi neminye imikhuhlane ekwaba nokobana abantu bemvelo bama-Amerika bebangenamandla wokuyilwisa.
- Iindzima zamalwelwe zabulala ingcenye ekulu khulu yabantu bemvelo, kwabuthisa ukuphikisa.
- Iinkhali zensimbi, izibhamu, iingubo zempi kunye namahhashi kwanikela amaSpaniya ithuba empini.
- AmaSpaniya asebenzisa umbango, ahlangana nabantu abebazonda ukubuswa ma-Aztec nama-Inca.
Speaker notes
Lesi siyislayidi eliqakathekileko lokuhlaziya. Phikisa indaba y'ubuhle beYurophu': umbulali omkhulu bekumalwelwe, obekungozi, ingasi itshwayo lomphakathi ophezulu. Iinkhali namahhashi asiza empini, begodu ukuhlanganyela nabendawo kwanikela ibutho elinengi lokulwa. Buza abafundi bona kubayini ukuthembela embangeleni yinye kunikela isithombe esidurhisako somlando. [SME] Iinombolo zokulahleka kwabantu e-Amerika ziyahlukahlukana khulu phakathi kweemchazi-mlando - gcina ku-'ingcenye ekulu khulu' ngaphandle kokobana umthombo utjho ibanga.
Ukunqoba kwaletha ukuwa kwesibalo sabantu - kwadala nokutlhayela komsebenzi okwaqhuba ukuthengiselana ngeengqila.
Isibalo sabantu bemvelo sehla khulu ngamalwelwe, ipi nomsebenzi wokugandelela. Njengombana abantu beYurophu bakha ama-plantation (amasimu amakhulu) namayini wokutjala udrogo, ugwayi nokumba isiliva, badinga ibutho lomsebenzi elikhulu nelilawulekako.
- Amasimu wedrogo e-Caribbean neBrazil bekanenzuzo ekulu kodwana adinga umsebenzi omunengi khulu.
- Njengombana isibalo sabantu bemvelo sitjhabalala, abantu beYurophu batjhinga kubantu be-Afrika abagqilaziweko.
- Ukukhetha lokhu kwahlanganisa ama-Amerika, iYurophu ne-Afrika kwaba sistimu yinye ye-Atlantic.
Speaker notes
Dweba iketango yembangela ngokuvulekileko: ukunqoba -> ukuwa kwesibalo sabantu -> ukutlhayela komsebenzi -> isidingo somsebenzi we-Afrika ogqilaziweko. Le yibhuloho esuka engcenyeni 'yokunqoba' yeyunithi iya engcenyeni 'yokuthengiselana ngeengqila'. Tjheja bona inzuzo yamasimu, khulukhulu evela edrogweni, beyisisombululo somnotho. Gandelela bona ukugqilaza abantu be-Afrika bekusiqunto esenziwe ngamabomu ngenzuzo, ingasi into ebeyingasoze yagegwa.
Phezu kweminyaka ecabanga ku-350, kuqagelwa bona iingidi ezili-12 zabantu be-Afrika zagandelelwa zanqamula i-Atlantic.
Abathengiselani beYurophu bathenga namkha bathumba abantu eNtjhonalanga naseTjhingalanga ye-Afrika begodu babathumela e-Amerika bona basebenze njengomsebenzi ogqilaziweko. Abantu abagqilaziweko bebaphathwa ngomthetho njengempahla engathengwa, ithengiswe begodu idluliselwe ngefa.
- Malungana neengidi ezili-12 zabantu be-Afrika zagitjhwa; malungana neengidi ezili-10 kuya ku-11 zasinda ekunqamuleni.
- Abanye ababusi nabathengiselani be-Afrika bahlanganyela ekunikeleni abathunjiweko, kanengi ngepi.
- Ukuthengiselana lokhu kwahluthulula i-Afrika abantu kwafunza nempi, ngesikhathi kunothisa amaposi weYurophu.
Speaker notes
Phatha iinombolo ngokuzibophezela: caphula isilinganiso esisetjenziswa khulu esimalungana neengidi ezili-12 ezagitjhwako. Yenza kucace umqondo womuntu ongaphasi kwenombolo - inombolo nginye beyingumuntu onomndeni nekhaya. Lwana nokuhlanganyela kwe-Afrika ngokwethembekileko kodwana ngobuchwephetjhe: eminye imibuso ye-Afrika yahlanganyela, kanengi ngaphasi kwengcindezi namkha ngenzuzo yayo, kodwana abantu beYurophu badala begodu balawula isidingo. Balekela ukubeka icala kude nesistimu ebeyilawulwa yiYurophu. [SME] Qinisekisa iinombolo zeengidi ezili-12 / ezili-10 kuya ku-11 ezisindileko ngokuqhathanisa ne-Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database namkha umthombo we-SAHO ocatjhulwako ngaphambi kokukhiqiza.
Imikhumbi beyilandela indlela enehlangothi ezintathu eyatjhugulula abantu abagqilaziweko baba yinzuzo esigabeni ngasinye.
Ukuthengiselana kwezinhlangothi ezintathu (triangular trade) kwahlanganisa iindawo ezintathu. Iimpahla ezenziweko zasuka eYurophu zaya e-Afrika; abantu be-Afrika abagqilaziweko bathunyelwa ngaphesheya kwe-Atlantic (i-Middle Passage); iimveliso zamasimu ezifana nodrogo, ugwayi nekotini zabuyela eYurophu.
- Ihlangothi 1: izibhamu, iindwangu neempahla zensimbi kusuka eYurophu ziya elwandle leNtjhonalanga ye-Afrika.
- Ihlangothi 2: abantu abagqilaziweko kusuka e-Afrika baya ema-Amerika - i-Middle Passage.
- Ihlangothi 3: udrogo, i-rum, ugwayi nekotini kusuka ema-Amerika kubuyela eYurophu.
Speaker notes
Hamba amahlangothi amathathu esithombeni. Gandelela bona 'iimpahla' ehlangothini lesibili bekungabantu - lapha isithombe singafihla ubuhlungu, ngalokho kubize. Tjheja bona inzuzo beyenziwa ekhoneni ngalinye, ngikho abathengiselani nemadorobho weYurophu amanengi asekela isistimu le. Islayidi lokhu libeka i-Middle Passage, ephathwa ngokuseduze eslayidini elilandelako.
Ukunqamula i-Atlantic bekulilwelwe elimbi ebanengi abangazange basinda kilo.
Kwi-Middle Passage, abantu abagqilaziweko bebahleliswe kabuhlungu ngaphasi kwesitezi samakhambo abengathatha amaviki amanengi. Iimo beziphithikeziwe zingahlanzekile, begodu amalwelwe, isihluku nokudana kwabanga ukufa okunengi.
- Abantu bebaboswe ngamaketango, banikelwe ukudla namanzi amancani, begodu banqatjelwa isithunzi esisisekelo.
- Ingcenye ekulu yafa ekunqamuleni ngamalwelwe nokuphathwa kumbi.
- Naphezu kwalokho, abantu abagqilaziweko balwisana - ngokwala ukudla, ngamavukelo nangokubambelela emkhumbulweni nesikweni.
Speaker notes
Lesi siyislayidi elizwelako khulu - libeke ngokwethembekileko kodwana ngaphandle kobunembezisi obungatlhogekiko. Umnqopho kutjho ukuzwelana nokuzwisisa, ingasi ukurhawuka. Vuma bona umlando lo ungaphatha kabuhlungu, khulukhulu kubafundi abakhokho babo abathinteka, begodu wenze ithuba lokucoca ngehlonipho. Phetha ngokusebenza komuntu: abantu abagqilaziweko bebangasibo abahlukumezekileko kwaphela kodwana balwisana begodu bagcina isiko, okudosela eslayidini elilandelako. Balekela ihlathululo ebonakalako; godola ekungalungini nebuntwini balabo abagqilaziweko.
Abantu abagqilaziweko bebangasibo abangenzi litho - balwisana ngeendlela ezinengi begodu bakha amasiko amatjha.
Ema-Amerika, abantu abagqilaziweko baqalana nomsebenzi wokugandelela nokwenza kabuhlungu emasimini, kodwana balwisana ngokusepepeleni nangesirhelo begodu bakha imiphakathi neemhlobo ezitjha.
- Ukulwisana ngokusepepeleni bekufaka amavukelo, ukubaleka nokwakha imiphakathi ekhululekileko yabantu ababalekileko.
- Ukulwisana kwamalanga woke bekufaka ukusebenza kancani, ukwephula amathulusi nokugcina iinlwimi, umvumo nekholo kuphila.
- IRhevolutjhi yeHaiti (1791-1804) yabona abantu abagqilaziweko bawisa ubugqila bakha umbuso okhululekileko.
Speaker notes
Linganisa ubuhlungu beslayidi elidlulileko nokusebenza lapha - lokhu kuqakathekile bona kube nombiko onehlonipho nolungako. Hlukanisa ukulwisana ngokusepepeleni (amavukelo, i-marronage) kunye nokulwisana kwamalanga woke (ukusebenza kancani, ukusinda kwesiko). IRhevolutjhi yeHaiti isibonelo esinamandla sabantu abagqilaziweko abazuza itjhaphuluko begodu bahlela umlando wephasi. Islayidi lokhu limodela ikghono le-FET lokubona umbono nokusebenza, ingasi ukuhlukumezeka kwaphela.
Nakuhlala amaDatjhi eKapa ngo-1652, akha umphakathi wobugqila usebenzisa iphasi le-Indian Ocean.
IDutch East India Company (i-VOC) yasungula isitetjhi sokuphumula eKapa ngo-1652. Kusukela ngo-1658 yangenisa abantu abagqilaziweko - khulukhulu abavela eTjhingalanga ye-Afrika, eMadagascar, e-India naseSewula-Tjhingalanga ye-Asia - bona basebenze njengabasebenzi, iingcweti nabasebenzi bekhaya.
- Ubugqila baseKapa basebenzisa ukuthengiselana kwe-Indian Ocean, ingasi khulukhulu ukuthengiselana kwe-Atlantic.
- I-Slave Lodge yeKampani eKapa (eCape Town) yabamba abanengi babantu be-VOC abagqilaziweko.
- IBrithani yaqeda ukuthengiselana ngeengqila ngo-1807 begodu yaqeda ubugqila eKapa kusukela ngo-1834, kwalandela iminyaka emine 'yobufundi bomsebenzi' (apprenticeship).
Speaker notes
Yenza indaba yephasi loke ibe yendawo: iKapa yeSewula Afrika beyiyingcenye yesikhathi sinye sokwanda nobugqila, kodwana yanikelwa khulukhulu nge-Indian Ocean kunokuba nge-Atlantic. Umahluko lo uvamise ukuhlolwa. Tjheja imithombo ehlukahlukeneko yeengqila zeKapa, ezahlela isiko leKapa, ilwimi (isiBhunu) nomphakathi. I-Slave Lodge eCape Town siyindawo ebonakalako, evakatjhelekako abafundi abangayazi. Godola ithunzi elide: ukukhululwa ngo-1834-1838 akuzange kulethe ukulingana, kuhlanganisa nomlando weSewula Afrika olandelako.
- 1488 UDias uzombeleza iKapa yeThemba eliHle
- 1492 UColumbus ufika e-Caribbean
- 1498 UDa Gama ufika e-India ngelwandle
- 1519-21 UCortes unqoba umBuso wama-Aztec
- 1532 UPizarro uhlasela umBuso wama-Inca
- 1652 AmaDatjhi ahlala eKapa; ubugqila bulandela
- 1807 IBrithani iqeda ukuthengiselana ngeengqila
- 1834-38 Ubugqila baphela eKapa, kwalandela ubufundi bomsebenzi
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa ihlelo lesikhathi ukuhlanganisa yoke iyunithi nokutjengisa bona iimehlakalo zihlangana ngokuqinileko phezu kwesikhathi sinye eside. Buza abafundi bona bakhombe ukuhlangana kwembangela phakathi kweengeniso (isibonelo, indlela ukunqoba ema-Amerika okuhlangana ngayo nokukhula kokuthengiselana ngeengqila). Tjheja bona ukuqedwa kokuthengiselana (1807) kweza ngaphambi kokuqedwa kobugqila ngokwabo (abo-1830), umahluko ovamise ukuhlolwa.
Ukwanda kweYurophu, ukunqotjhwa kwama-Amerika nokuthengiselana ngeengqila kwe-Atlantic bekuziingcenye zenqubo yinye ehlangeneko enemiphumela ehlala isikhathi eside.
Kusukela ngeminyaka yabo-1400, ukwanda kweYurophu kwahlanganisa amazwekazi ngamanetiweki amatjha wokuthengiselana namandla. Ukunqoba kwatjhabalalisa ama-Amerika kwadala isidingo somsebenzi esaqhuba ukuthengiselana ngeengqila kwe-Atlantic, ngesikhathi eKapa umphakathi wobugqila wenzeka ngephasi le-Indian Ocean. Iinqubo lezi zahlela iphasi lanamhlanjesi - begodu zisele ziyindaba yokuphikisana nokukhumbula nanamhlanjesi.
Q. Hlathulula bona kubayini imibuso yeYurophu yanda ngaphandle kwamalwandle kusukela ngeminyaka yabo-1400. Sebenzisa bunganani iimbangela ezintathu ezihlukeneko ependulweni yakho. (6 marks)
Q. 'Amalwelwe, ingasi iinkhali ezingcono, kwaba yimbangela ekulu yokobana amaSpaniya anqobe ama-Amerika.' Uyavumelana? Sekela umbono wakho ngobufakazi. (8 marks)
Q. Hlathulula bona ukunqotjhwa kwama-Amerika kwahlangana njani nokukhula kokuthengiselana ngeengqila kwe-Atlantic. (6 marks)
Speaker notes
Phetha ngokuqinisa ilayini edlulako: ukwanda, ukunqoba nobugqila bekuhlangene, kungasi iindaba ezihlukeneko. Imibuzo emithathu ilingisa iindlela ze-CAPS FET - ihlathululo ehleliweko (Q1), umbono osekelwe emthonjeni namkha isiqunto esifana ne-eseyi (Q2), nokuhlangana kwembangela nomphumela (Q3). Khumbuza abafundi bona basebenzise ubufakazi begodu bacabangele umbono ongaphezu kokamunye. Tjheja bona iyunithi le idosela emsebenzini olandelako weBanga 10 ngomnotho wekoloni yeKapa nokwakhiwa komphakathi weSewula Afrika.
- Grade
- Grade 10
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- European expansion, conquest and the slave trade
- Resource type
- Presentation