Kutsi kwandza kweYurophu ngaphandle kwelwandle kusukela ngeminyaka yabo-1400 kwawuguculagunj njani umhlaba wemaMelika, i-Afrika neKapa - kwase kwakha luhlelo lwebugcili loko lokubi kwako lusaphila nanamuhla.
Speaker notes
Faka sihloko. Lena yisifundvo semlando womhlaba wonkhe lohlanganisa iYurophu, emaMelika, iNshonalanga ye-Afrika neKapa. Gcizelela tinchubo letimbili letihlangene labafundzi labatawutihamba: (1) kwandza nekunconywa kwemaYurophu, kanye (2) kutsengiselana ngetigcili kwase-Athlanthiki lokwaphuma kuko. Bonisa kutsi sitawugcina eKapa, lapho lendzaba yemhlaba wonkhe ifika khona eNingizimu Afrika. Beka umoya wekuhlatiya lofanele i-FET: sifuna timbangela, imiphumela nemibono lehlukene, hhayi tehlakalo kuphela.
IYurophu bekingesiyo inhloko yemhlaba ngo-1500 - bekiyinye yetifundza letinyenti letinjingile netinemandla.
Ngo-1500 tikhungo letinkhulu temandla nekutsengiselana betikhona emhlabeni wonkhe: emaMing eShayina, emaMughal naletinye tifundza eNdiya, uMbuso wema-Ottoman kuwo wonkhe umhlaba welwandle lweMedithera lelisemphumalanga, umbuso lonjingile weSonghai eNshonalanga ye-Afrika, kanye nemibuso ye-Aztec ne-Inca emaMelika.
- Kutsengiselana kwebude betindzawo ngegolide, tinongo, tindvwangu nebantfu labagcilaketiwe kwakuvele kuhlanganisa i-Afrika, i-Ashiya neYurophu.
- Tifundza teYurophu betincane kakhulu futsi betifuna kufinyelela ngco ekutsengiselaneni ngetinongo letinjingile te-Ashiya.
- Ema-Ottoman bekawalawula emendlela lawelamhlaba laya emphumalanga, lokwaphocelela emaYurophu kutsi afune indlela yelwandle.
Speaker notes
Lungisa umqondvo lophambukile wekutsi iYurophu beyitfutfukile ngendlela leyihlukile. Gcizelela kutsi emaYurophu andza ngoba abesekuceleni kwemanethiwekhi ekutsengiselana labesevele akhona futsi abefuna kungena. Kubita imibuso yase-Afrika neyemaMelika ekucaleni kubeka sisekelo sekutsi kunconywa kwabhubhisa imiphakatsi lecabangako, hhayi emahlatsi 'langenamuntfu'. Lena yindzawo lelungile yekudvweba libalazwe lelilula elibhodini.
Bacwaningi bemlando bavame kufingca tizatfu ngekutsi 'Nkulunkulu, igolide nenkhazimulo' - kodvwa buchwepheshe lobusha bakwenta kwenteka kwandza.
Igolide (imcebo)
Kufinyelela ngco etinongweni, egolideni netimakethe letisha kwakuvusa litfemba lenzuzo lenkhulu kubatsengisi netikhulu.
Nkulunkulu (inkholo)
Babusi neSontfo babefuna kwendlala buKristu futsi bancintisane nemhlaba wemaSulumane.
Inkhazimulo (emandla)
IPhutukezi, iSpeyini kanye nalabanye ngasemuva bancintisana ngedvumo, ngemhlaba nangenzuzo yekwehlula labanye.
Buchwepheshe
Sikebhe se-caravel, ikhampasi, i-astrolabe, emabalazwe langcono nekhanoni kwenta luhambo lolude lwelwandle lube nekwenteka.
Speaker notes
Sebentisa lelibinzana 'Nkulunkulu, igolide, inkhazimulo' njengesikhumbuti kodvwa gucugucu bafundzi kutsi bakale kutsi ngusiphi sizatfu lesabaluleke kakhulu - lomkhono wekuhlatiya lovamile we-FET. Ngeta kutsi buchwepheshe (indlela) buhlukile esizatweni (imbangela): tizatfu betivele tikhona ngaphambili, kodvwa imikhumbi lemisha nemathulusi ekuhamba kwaguculela intfobeko yaba sento. Buta bafundzi kutsi bahlele letici letine ngekubaluleka bese bacacisa lokukhetsa kwabo.
Imibuso lemibili lemincane yase-Athlanthiki yavula tindlela telwandle letahlela kabusha kutsengiselana kwemhlaba wonkhe.
IPhutukezi yasukela iya eningizimu ngaselugcinweni lwe-Afrika: Bartolomeu Dias wajikeleta iKapa Lelihle ngo-1488, kwatsi Vasco da Gama wafinyelela eNdiya ngelwandle ngo-1498. ISpeyini yahamba iya enshonalanga: ngo-1492 Christopher Columbus wafinyelela eKharibhiyeni, akholwa kutsi utfole indlela leya e-Ashiya.
- Indlela yeMaphutukezi lejikeleta i-Afrika yanika iYurophu kufinyelela ngco etinongweni te-Ashiya.
- Luhambo lwaColumbus lwavula emaMelika kutsi ahlaselwe futsi ahlaliwe ngemaYurophu.
- Ngo-1494 iSivumelwane sase-Tordesillas sahlukanisa umhlaba longesiwo weYurophu emkhatsini weMaphutukezi nemaSpeyini.
Speaker notes
Gcina emalanga njengetinsika kodvwa gcizelela kubaluleka: indlela yeMaphutukezi (kujikeleta i-Afrika) neyemaSpeyini (kuwela i-Athlanthiki) yakha imibuso lemibili leyehlukene. Caphela kuhlekisa kwelivi lelitsi 'kutfola' - uDa Gama naColumbus bafinyelela emaveni labesevele anemakhulu etigidzi tebantfu. ISivumelwane sase-Tordesillas sikhombisa emaYurophu ahlukanisa umhlaba webanye bantfu ngaphandle kwemvumo. Hlanganisa naphambili: indlela yelwandle yeKapa ichaza kutsi kungani emaYurophu abehla ahlala eKapa ngasemuva.
Ngesikhatsi sesitukulwane sinye, emabutfo lamancane emaSpeyini abhidlita lemibili yemibuso lemikhulu emhlabeni.
Emabutfo latsengiselani emaSpeyini labitwa ema-conquistador ahlasela umhlabatsi wemaMelika. Hernan Cortes wawisa uMbuso we-Aztec (eMexico yalamuhla) emkhatsini wa-1519 na-1521, kwatsi Francisco Pizarro wanconywa uMbuso we-Inca (ePheru yalamuhla) kusukela nga-1532.
- EmaSpeyini abamba igolide nesiliva lenyenti kakhulu.
- Umhlaba nebantfu labanconyiwe bahlukaniselwa bahlali ngaphansi kweluhlelo lwe-encomienda.
- Isiliva lephuma emgodini wetimayini lofana neyase-Potosi yangena emnotfweni wemhlaba wonkhe ngeSpeyini.
Speaker notes
Nika bafundzi bukhulu: emaSpeyini lambalwa ehlula imibuso yetigidzi tebantfu. Loko kuphikisana kuyinsika yeslayidi lesilandzelako. Yetfula i-encomienda njengemsebenti lophocelelekile lokhomba bugcili lobutako. Gwema kudvumisa ema-conquistador - sebentisa livi 'ahlasela' esikhundleni sa-'atfola'. Isiliva yase-Potosi yisibonelo lesihle sekutsi kunconywa kwaba nemthelela njani emnotfweni wemhlaba wonkhe lomusha.
Tikhali letingcono todvwa atikuchazi - sifo netivumelwane taba tibaluleke kakhulu.
Bacwaningi bemlando bakhomba tici letinyenti letihlanganisiwe kunembangela yinye kuphela. Lesibi kunako konkhe bekusi sifo: emaYurophu atfwala ingcubhane, imasisi naletinye tifo lebantfu bemvelo bemaMelika bebangenamvikeli kuto.
- Tifo letibhebhetekako tabulala inyenti kakhulu yebantfu bemvelo, tibutsakisa kumelana.
- Tikhali tensimbi, tibhamu, tembatfo tekuvikela namahhashi kwanika emaSpeyini litfuba emphini.
- EmaSpeyini asebentisa ludzaba lwebutsakatsaki, ahlangana nebantfu labebazonda kubuswa yi-Aztec noma i-Inca.
Speaker notes
Lolu luslayidi lolubaluleke kakhulu lwekuhlatiya. Phikisa indzaba yekutsi 'emaYurophu ngcono': umbulali lomkhulu kunako konkhe bekusi sifo, lesenteka ngengoti, hhayi luphawu lwesimo lesitfutfukile. Tikhali namahhashi tasita emphini, kanti tivumelwane taselakhaya tanika inyenti yemabutfo lalwako. Buta bafundzi bachaze kutsi kungani kutsembela embangeleni munye kunika sitfombe lesikhohlisako semlando. [SME] Tinombolo tekulahleka kwebantfu emaMelika tehlukile kakhulu emkhatsini webacwaningi bemlando - gcina ku-'inyenti lenkhulu' ngaphandle kwekutsi umtfombo ubeka libanga.
Kunconywa kwaletsa kuwa kwesibalo sebantfu - kwase kwakha kushoda kwabasebenti loko lokwatfumela kutsengiselana ngetigcili.
Sibalo sebantfu bemvelo sehla kakhulu ngesifo, timphi nemsebenti lophocelelekile. Njengoba emaYurophu asungula emapulazi lamakhulu netimayini kutsi akhicite kashukela, ugwayi bese amba isiliva, adzinga bantfu labanyenti lababengalawuleka.
- Emapulazi ashukela eKharibhiyeni naseBrazil abenzuzo lenkhulu kakhulu kodvwa adzinga bantfu labasebentako labanyenti.
- Njengoba tibalo tebantfu bemvelo tehla, emaYurophu ajikela kuma-Afrika lagcilaketiwe.
- Loku kukhetsa kwahlanganisa emaMelika, iYurophu ne-Afrika kwaba luhlelo lunye lwe-Athlanthiki.
Speaker notes
Dvweba iketango lembangela ngalokucacile: kunconywa -> kuwa kwesibalo sebantfu -> kushoda kwabasebenti -> sidzingo sema-Afrika lagcilaketiwe. Lena yindlela lehlanganisa lucweyo lwekunconywa nelucweyo lwekutsengiselana ngetigcili. Caphela kutsi inzuzo yemapulazi, ikakhulukati eyashukela, beyisitfutfumezi semnotfo. Gcizelela kutsi kugcilaketa ema-Afrika bekusikhetfo lesenteka ngenhloso yenzuzo, hhayi intfo lengagwemekiko.
Cishe iminyaka lengu-350, kulinganiselwa kutsi tigidzi letingu-12 tema-Afrika taphocelelwa tewela i-Athlanthiki.
Batsengisi baseYurophu batsenga noma babamba bantfu eNshonalanga naseMbindzi we-Afrika bese bayabatfumela emaMelika kutsi basebente njengetigcili letisebentako. Bantfu labagcilaketiwe babhalwa ngemtsetfo njengempahla lengatsengwa, itsengiselwe futsi idluliselwe njengelifa.
- Cishe tigidzi letingu-12 tema-Afrika tafakwa emikhunjini; cishe tigidzi letingu-10 kuya ku-11 tasindza kuwela.
- Labanye babusi nebatsengisi base-Afrika babambe icadzi ekulethweni kwetiboshwa, kanyenti ngetimphi.
- Lolu hwebo lwakhipha bantfu e-Afrika futsi lwavusa timphi, kanti lwacebisa emachweba aseYurophu.
Speaker notes
Phatsa tinombolo ngekwetsembeka: caphuna silinganiso lesisetjentiswa kakhulu semashumi lalishumi nakubili etigidzi labafakwa emikhunjini. Cacisa incazelo yebuntfu ngemuva kwalenani - inombolo yinye beyingumuntfu lonemndeni nelikhaya. Bhekana nekubandzakanyeka kwema-Afrika ngekwetsembeka kodvwa ngekucabanga: labanye babusi base-Afrika babambe icadzi, kanyenti ngaphansi kwecindzetelo noma ngenzuzo yabo, kodvwa emaYurophu adala futsi alawula sidzingo. Gwema indlela yekubeka licala kudze eluhlelweni lolulawulwa ngemaYurophu. [SME] Cinisekisa tinombolo temashumi lalishumi nakubili etigidzi / letingu-10 kuya ku-11 letasindza esitshaleni se-Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database noma emtfonjeni loshiwo we-SAHO ngaphambi kwekukhicitwa.
Imikhumbi yalandzela indlela lenetinhlangotsi letintsatfu leyaguculela bantfu labagcilaketiwe baba yinzuzo esigabeni ngasinye.
Kutsengiselana lokunemikhono lemitsatfu kwahlanganisa tifundza letintsatfu. Impahla leyakhiwe yaya iphuma eYurophu iya e-Afrika; ema-Afrika lagcilaketiwe atfunyelwa awela i-Athlanthiki (iMiddle Passage); bese imikhicito yemapulazi lefana kashukela, ugwayi ne-cotton yabuyela eYurophu.
- Umkhono 1: tibhamu, indvwangu nempahla yensimbi kusukela eYurophu kuya elugcinweni lweNshonalanga ye-Afrika.
- Umkhono 2: bantfu labagcilaketiwe kusukela e-Afrika kuya emaMelika - iMiddle Passage.
- Umkhono 3: shukela, i-rum, ugwayi ne-cotton kusukela emaMelika kubuyela eYurophu.
Speaker notes
Hamba imikhono lemitsatfu esitfombeni. Gcizelela kutsi 'impahla' emkhonweni wesibili bekungabantfu - lapha sitfombe singafihla sesatso, ngaloko sibite. Khomba kutsi inzuzo yayentiwa ku-ecele ngalinye, ngiko babatsengisi labanyenti baseYurophu nemadolobha basekela loluhlelo. Loluslayidi lubeka sisekelo se-Middle Passage, letawuphatfwa ngalokusondzelene ngukulandzelako.
Kuwela i-Athlanthiki bekuluhambo lolunelunya lolwatsi labanyenti abasindzanga.
Ku-Middle Passage, bantfu labagcilaketiwe babecinaniswa ngaphansi kwesikebhe ekuhambeni lokwakungatsatsa emaviki lamanyenti. Timo betiminyene futsi tingahlanteki, kanti sifo, lunya nekulahla litsemba kwabangela kufa lokunyenti.
- Bantfu babeboshwa ngemaketango, banikwa kudla nemanti lokuncane, futsi bancishwa sitfunti sabo lesisisekelo.
- Ingxenye lebalulekile yafa ngesikhatsi sekuwela ngenca yesifo nekuphatfwa kabi.
- Nakuba kunjalo, bantfu labagcilaketiwe bamelana - ngekwala kudla, ngekuvukela nangekubambelela enkhumbulweni nasemasikweni.
Speaker notes
Lolu luslayidi loluvekazi kakhulu - lubeke ngekwetsembeka kodvwa ngaphandle kwemininingwane lengadzingekiko. Inhloso kuveta luvelo nekucondzisisa, hhayi kwetfusa. Vuma kutsi lomlando ungakhubekisa, ikakhulukati kubafundzi bogogo babo labatsintseka, bese wakha indzawo yenkhulumo-mpikiswano yenhlonipho. Gcina ngemandla ebuntfu: bantfu labagcilaketiwe bebangesitigilamandla kuphela kodvwa nabo bamelana futsi bagcina emasiko. Gwema incazelo lenatinombolo; gcizelela kungabi nabulungiswa nebuntfu balabo labagcilaketiwe.
Bantfu labagcilaketiwe bebangeke babe ngulabashaya buthulu - bamelana ngetindlela letinyenti futsi bakha emasiko lamasha.
EmaMelika, bantfu labagcilaketiwe babhekana nemsebenti lophocelelekile nebudlova emapulazini, kodvwa bamelana ngasobala nangasese bakha nemiphakatsi nebunjalo lobusha.
- Kumelana ngasobala bekuhlanganisa kuvukela, kubaleka nekwakha imiphakatsi yekhululekile yebantfu labebalekile.
- Kumelana kwansuku tonkhe kwakuhlanganisa kusebenta kancane, kwephula emathulusi nekugcina tilimi, umculo nenkholo kuphila.
- IHaitian Revolution (1791-1804) yabona bantfu labagcilaketiwe bawisa bugcili bakha lizwe lelikhululekile.
Speaker notes
Linganisa kuhlupheka kweslayidi lesengcile nemandla lapha - loku kubalulekile ekunikeni umbiko wenhlonipho nolungisile. Hlukanisa kumelana ngasobala (kuvukela, i-marronage) kumelana kwansuku tonkhe (kusebenta kancane, kusindza kwemasiko). IHaitian Revolution isibonelo lesinemandla sebantfu labagcilaketiwe labatfola inkhululeko futsi bakha umlando womhlaba. Loluslayidi luphindze lubonise umkhono we-FET wekwati umbono nemandla, hhayi kuhlushwa kuphela.
Ngesikhatsi emaDashi ehla ahlala eKapa ngo-1652, akha umphakatsi webugcili osekelwa emhlabeni welwandle lweNdiya.
INkampani yase-Dashi yaseMphumalanga Ndiya (VOC) yasungula sitishi sekuvuselela eKapa ngo-1652. Kusukela nga-1658 yangenisa bantfu labagcilaketiwe - ikakhulukati kusukela eMphumalanga ye-Afrika, eMadagascar, eNdiya naseNingizimu-Mphumalanga ye-Ashiya - kutsi basebente njengetisebenti, tingcweti nebasebenti basendlini.
- Bugcili baseKapa basekela ekutsengiselaneni kwelwandle lweNdiya, hhayi kakhulu ekutsengiselaneni kwe-Athlanthiki.
- ISlave Lodge yeNkampani eKapa yabamba inyenti yebantfu labagcilaketiwe be-VOC.
- IBhrithani yacedza kutsengiselana ngetigcili ngo-1807 futsi yacedza bugcili eKapa kusukela nga-1834, kwalandzela iminyaka lemine 'yekufundziswa umsebenti'.
Speaker notes
Yenta lendzaba yemhlaba wonkhe ibe yakhaya: iKapa yaseNingizimu Afrika beyiyincenye yenkhatsi yinye yekwandza nebugcili, kodvwa yaletfwa ikakhulukati ngelwandle lweNdiya kunelwe-Athlanthiki. Lomehluko uvame kuhlolwa. Caphela imisuka lehlukene yetigcili taseKapa, leyakha emasiko aseKapa, lulwimi (siBhunu) nemphakatsi. ISlave Lodge eKapa yindzawo lengabambeka futsi lengavakashelwa bafundzi labangayati. Khomba sitfunti lesidze: inkhululeko yango-1834-1838 ayizange ilethe kulingana, ihlanganisa nemlando waseNingizimu Afrika ngasemuva.
- 1488 Dias ujikeleta iKapa Lelihle
- 1492 Columbus ufinyelela eKharibhiyeni
- 1498 Da Gama ufinyelela eNdiya ngelwandle
- 1519-21 Cortes unconya uMbuso we-Aztec
- 1532 Pizarro uhlasela uMbuso we-Inca
- 1652 EmaDashi ahlala eKapa; bugcili buyalandzela
- 1807 IBhrithani icedza kutsengiselana ngetigcili
- 1834-38 Bugcili baphetfwa eKapa, kwalandzela kufundziswa umsebenti
Speaker notes
Sebentisa umugca wesikhatsi kucinisa sonkhe sifundvo nekubonisa kutsi tehlakalo tihlangene kanjani kahle enkhatsini yinye lende. Buta bafundzi bakhombe titfunjana temlando emkhatsini wetingenelo (sibonelo, kutsi kunconywa emaMelika kuhlangana kanjani nekukhula kwekutsengiselana ngetigcili). Khomba kutsi kucedvwa kwehwebo (1807) kweta ngaphambi kwekucedvwa kwebugcili ngco (bo-1830), umehluko lovame kuhlolwa.
Kwandza kwemaYurophu, kunconywa kwemaMelika nekutsengiselana ngetigcili kwase-Athlanthiki bekutincenye tenchubo yinye lehlangene lenemiphumela lehlala njalo.
Kusukela ngeminyaka yabo-1400, kwandza kwemaYurophu kwahlanganisa emazwekazi kuba semanethiwekhini lamasha ekutsengiselana nemandla. Kunconywa kwabhubhisa emaMelika kwase kwakha sidzingo semandla ekusebenta loko lokwatfumela kutsengiselana ngetigcili kwase-Athlanthiki, kanti eKapa umphakatsi webugcili wakheka ngemhlaba welwandle lweNdiya. Letinchubo takha umhlaba wanamuhla - futsi tisala tiyindzaba yenkhulumo-mpikiswano nekukhunjulwa nanamuhla.
Q. Chaza kutsi kungani tifundza teYurophu tandza ngaphandle kwelwandle kusukela ngeminyaka yabo-1400. Khuluma nga-lokungenani tizatfu letintsatfu letihlukene empendvulweni yakho. (6 marks)
Q. 'Sifo, hhayi tikhali letingcono, sasiyimbangela lenkhulu yekutsi emaSpeyini anconye emaMelika.' Uyavumelana yini? Sekela umbono wakho ngebufakazi. (8 marks)
Q. Chaza kutsi kunconywa kwemaMelika kwakuhlangana kanjani nekukhula kwekutsengiselana ngetigcili kwase-Athlanthiki. (6 marks)
Speaker notes
Vala ngekucinisa umugca lohamba wonkhe: kwandza, kunconywa nebugcili betihlangene, hhayi tihloko letehlukene. Lemibuto lemitsatfu ilingisa tindlela te-CAPS FET - inchazelo lehlelekile (Q1), lyumphikiswano losekelwe ngemtfombo noma lesahlulelo se-essay (Q2), kanye nekuhlanganisa imbangela-nemphumela (Q3). Khumbuta bafundzi kutsi basebentise bufakazi futsi bacabangele umbono lolinganako munye. Caphela kutsi lesifundvo sihlanganisa nemsebenti welibanga 10 lolandzelako ngemnotfo wemakoloni waseKapa nekwakhiwa kwemphakatsi waseNingizimu Afrika.
- Grade
- Grade 10
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- European expansion, conquest and the slave trade
- Resource type
- Presentation