Indlela ukwanda kweYurophu ngaphesheya kwezilwandle kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1400 okwaguqula ngayo ama-Americas, i-Afrika kanye ne-Cape - kwakha nohlelo lobugqila okuseyibonwa imiphumela yalo nanamuhla.
Speaker notes
Beka isihloko esizindeni. Le yiyunithi yomlando womhlaba wonke exhuma iYurophu, ama-Americas, iNtshonalanga Afrika kanye ne-Cape. Gcizelela izinqubo ezimbili ezixhumene abafundi abazozilandela: (1) ukwanda kweYurophu nokunqoba, kanye (2) nohwebo lwezigqila lwase-Atlantic olwakhula kukho. Bonisa ukuthi sizophetha e-Cape, lapho le ndaba yomhlaba wonke ifinyelela khona eNingizimu Afrika. Beka isimo esihlaziyayo esifaneleka i-FET: sibheka izimbangela, imiphumela nemibono ehlukene, hhayi izehlakalo nje kuphela.
IYurophu yayingesona isikhungo somhlaba ngonyaka we-1500 - yayiyisifunda esisodwa nje phakathi kweziningi ezicebile nezinamandla.
Ngonyaka we-1500 izikhungo ezinkulu zamandla nohwebo zazikhona emhlabeni wonke: ama-Ming eShayina, ama-Mughal kanye nezinye izifundabusa e-India, uMbuso wama-Ottoman ngaphesheya kweMedithera esempumalanga, uMbuso ocebile we-Songhai eNtshonalanga Afrika, kanye nemibuso yama-Aztec nama-Inca e-Americas.
- Uhwebo lwebanga elide lwegolide, iziqholo, izindwangu nabantu abagqilaziwe lwaluvele luxhume i-Afrika, i-Asia neYurophu.
- Izifundabusa zaseYurophu zazizincane uma ziqhathaniswa futhi zazifuna ukufinyelela ngqo kuhwebo olucebile lweziqholo lwase-Asia.
- Ama-Ottoman ayelawula imizila yasemhlabathini eya empumalanga, okwaphoqa abaseYurophu ukuba bafune umzila oholwandle.
Speaker notes
Lungisa umbono ovamile ophambene othi iYurophu yayithuthuke ngendlela ehlukile. Gcizelela ukuthi abaseYurophu banda ngokwengxenye ngoba babesonqenqemeni lwamanethiwekhi ohwebo asevele ekhona futhi babefuna ukungena kuwo. Ukubala imibuso yase-Afrika nase-Americas kwasekuqaleni kubeka iphuzu elilandelayo lokuthi ukunqoba kwabhubhisa imiphakathi ethuthukile, hhayi amazwe 'angenalutho'. Le yindawo enhle yokudweba imephu yomhlaba engaphelele ebhodini.
Izazi zomlando zivame ukufingqa izisusa ngokuthi 'uNkulunkulu, igolide nodumo' - kodwa ubuchwepheshe obusha benza ukwanda kwenzeke.
Igolide (ingcebo)
Ukufinyelela ngqo eziqholweni, egolideni nasezimakethe ezintsha kwakuthembisa inzuzo enkulu kubathengisi nakumakhosi.
UNkulunkulu (inkolo)
Ababusi neSonto babefuna ukusabalalisa ubuKristu nokuncintisana nezwe lamaSulumane.
Udumo (amandla)
IPortugal, iSpain kanye nabanye kamuva bancintisana ngodumo, ngezwe nangethuba lokwedlula abaqhudelana nabo.
Ubuchwepheshe
I-caravel, ikhompasi, i-astrolabe kanye namamephu angcono nezibhamu ezinkulu kwenza uhambo olude lolwandle lwenzeke.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa amazwi athi 'uNkulunkulu, igolide, udumo' njengendlela yokukhumbula kodwa cindezela abafundi ukuba bakale ukuthi yisiphi isisusa esasibaluleke kakhulu - ikhono lokuhlaziya elivamile le-FET. Yengeza ukuthi ubuchwepheshe (izindlela) buhlukile esisusweni (isizathu): izisusa zazivele zikhona ngaphambili, kodwa imikhumbi emisha namathuluzi okuzula kwaguqula isifiso saba yisenzo. Cela abafundi ukuba bahlele izici ezine bese bethula isizathu sokukhetha kwabo.
Imibuso emibili emincane yase-Atlantic yavula imizila yolwandle eyahlela kabusha uhwebo lomhlaba wonke.
I-Portugal yaqhubekela eningizimu ngasogwini lwase-Afrika: uBartolomeu Dias wazungeza iCape of Good Hope ngo-1488, kwathi u-Vasco da Gama wafinyelela e-India ngolwandle ngo-1498. I-Spain yona yahamba ngasentshonalanga: ngo-1492 u-Christopher Columbus wafinyelela e-Caribbean, ekholelwa ukuthi wayethole umzila oya e-Asia.
- Umzila wamaPutukezi ozungeza i-Afrika wanikeza iYurophu ukufinyelela ngqo eziqholweni zase-Asia.
- Uhambo lukaColumbus lwavula ama-Americas ekuhlaselweni nasekuhlaleni kwabaseYurophu.
- Ngo-1494 iSivumelwano saseTordesillas sahlukanisa umhlaba ongewona owaseYurophu phakathi kwePortugal neSpain.
Speaker notes
Gcina izinsuku njengezinkomba kodwa ugxile ekubalulekeni: umzila wamaPutukezi (ozungeza i-Afrika) nomzila waseSpain (owela i-Atlantic) wakha imibuso emibili ehlukene. Qaphela ihlaya elisemazwini athi 'ukuthola' - uda Gama noColumbus bafinyelela emazweni ayevele ayikhaya kwizigidi zabantu. ISivumelwano saseTordesillas sibonisa abaseYurophu behlukanisa amazwe abanye abantu ngaphandle kwemvume. Xhuma phambili: umzila wolwandle we-Cape uchaza ukuthi kungani abaseYurophu bagcina behlala e-Cape.
Kungakapheli sizukulwane esisodwa, amabutho amancane aseSpain awisa imibuso emibili emikhulu emhlabeni.
Ama-conquistador aseSpain ahlasela ama-Americas asezwenikazi. U-Hernan Cortes wawisa uMbuso wama-Aztec (osemhlabeni waseMexico wanamuhla) phakathi kuka-1519 no-1521, kwathi u-Francisco Pizarro wanqoba uMbuso wama-Inca (osemhlabeni wasePeru wanamuhla) kusukela ngo-1532.
- AmaSpain athumba igolide nesiliva okuningi kakhulu.
- Umhlaba nabantu abanqotshiwe kwabiwa kubahlali ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-encomienda.
- Isiliva elivela ezimayini ezinjenge-Potosi lageleza langena emnothweni womhlaba wonke ngeSpain.
Speaker notes
Nikeza abafundi ubukhulu balokhu: amaSpain angamakhulu ambalwa anqoba imibuso yezigidi zabantu. Le paradox iyisisekelo seslayidi elilandelayo. Ethula i-encomienda njengomsebenzi ophoqelelwe obonisa kusengaphambili ubugqila obuzayo. Gwema ukudumisa ama-conquistador - sebenzisa igama elithi 'ahlasela' esikhundleni sokuthi 'athola'. Isiliva lasePotosi liyisibonelo esihle sokuthi ukunqoba kwaphakela kanjani umnotho omusha womhlaba wonke.
Izikhali ezingcono zodwa aziyichazi le nto - izifo nezivumelwano kwaba yikho okunqumayo.
Izazi zomlando zikhomba izici eziningi ezihlangene esikhundleni sembangela eyodwa. Okwabhubhisa kakhulu kwaba izizifo: abaseYurophu bathwala ingxibongo, isimungumungwane nezinye izifo lapho abomdabu base-Americas babengenamandla okuzivikela kuzo.
- Izifo ezibhebhethekayo zabulala ingxenye enkulu kakhulu yabantu bomdabu, kubuthakathaka ukumelana.
- Izikhali zensimbi, izibhamu, izivikelo zempi kanye namahhashi kwanika amaSpain ithuba empini.
- AmaSpain axhaphaza ukungezwani, ehlangana nabantu ababengathandi ukubuswa ngama-Aztec noma ama-Inca.
Speaker notes
Leli yislayidi elibalulekile lokuhlaziya. Phikisa indaba yokuthi 'abaseYurophu babengcono': umbulali omkhulu kunabo bonke kwaba izifo, ezazingahleliwe, hhayi uphawu lwempucuko engcono. Izikhali namahhashi kwasiza empini, kwathi izivumelwano zendawo zanikeza iningi lamabutho alwayo. Cela abafundi ukuba bachaze ukuthi kungani ukuthembela embangeleni eyodwa kunikeza isithombe esidukisayo somlando. [SME] Izibalo zokulahleka kwabantu ema-Americas ziyahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezazi zomlando - hlala 'engxenyeni enkulu kakhulu' ngaphandle uma umthombo ucacisa ububanzi.
Ukunqoba kwaletha ukuwohloka kwabantu - kwadala nokushoda kwabasebenzi okwaqhuba uhwebo lwezigqila.
Inani labantu bomdabu lehla ngokushesha ngenxa yezifo, izimpi nomsebenzi ophoqelelwe. Njengoba abaseYurophu bamisa ama-plantation nezimayini zokulima ushukela, ugwayi nokumba isiliva, babefuna abasebenzi abaningi abangalawuleka.
- Ama-plantation kashukela e-Caribbean naseBrazil ayenzuzo enkulu kakhulu kodwa ayedinga abasebenzi abaningi kakhulu.
- Njengoba inani labomdabu lehla, abaseYurophu baphendukela kuma-Afrika agqilaziwe.
- Lokhu kukhetha kwaxhuma ama-Americas, iYurophu ne-Afrika ohlelweni olulodwa lwe-Atlantic.
Speaker notes
Dweba iketango lembangela ngokusobala: ukunqoba -> ukuwohloka kwabantu -> ukushoda kwabasebenzi -> isidingo sabasebenzi bama-Afrika abagqilaziwe. Leli yibhuloho elisuka engxenyeni 'yokunqoba' yeyunithi liye engxenyeni 'yohwebo lwezigqila'. Qaphela ukuthi inzuzo yama-plantation, ikakhulukazi evela kushukela, kwaba injini yomnotho. Gcizelela ukuthi ukugqilaza ama-Afrika kwakuyisinqumo esenziwe ngamabomu ngenxa yenzuzo, hhayi into eyayingeke igwenywe.
Phakathi neminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-350, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ama-Afrika ayizigidi eziyi-12 aphoqelelwa ukuwela i-Atlantic.
Abahwebi baseYurophu bathenga noma bathumba abantu eNtshonalanga naseMaphakathi Afrika bababuyisela ema-Americas ukuze basebenze njengezisebenzi ezigqilaziwe. Abantu abagqilaziwe babephathwa ngokomthetho njengempahla eyayingathengwa, ithengiswe futhi ifuywe njengefa.
- Cishe ama-Afrika ayizigidi eziyi-12 agitshelwa emikhunjini; cishe izigidi eziyi-10 kuya ku-11 asinda ekuweleni.
- Abanye ababusi nabahwebi base-Afrika babamba iqhaza ekunikezeleni izithunjwa, ngokuvamile ngempi.
- Uhwebo lwadonsa i-Afrika abantu futhi lwakhulisa izingxabano, kanti lwacebisa amachweba aseYurophu.
Speaker notes
Phatha izinombolo ngokwethembeka: caphuna isilinganiso esisetshenziswa kabanzi sabantu abacishe babe yizigidi eziyi-12 abagitshelwa emikhunjini. Cacisa incazelo yobuntu engemuva kwenombolo - inombolo ngayinye yayingumuntu onomndeni nekhaya. Bhekana nokubandakanyeka kwama-Afrika ngokwethembeka kodwa ngokucophelela: ezinye izifundabusa zase-Afrika zabamba iqhaza, ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwengcindezi noma ngenzuzo yazo, kodwa abaseYurophu badala futhi balawula isidingo. Gwema indlela yokukhuluma esusa icala ohlelweni olwaluqhutshwa ngabaseYurophu. [SME] Qinisekisa izibalo zezigidi eziyi-12 / eziyi-10 kuya ku-11 abasinda ngokumelene ne-Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database noma umthombo we-SAHO ocashuniwe ngaphambi kokukhiqiza.
Imikhumbi yayilandela umzila onezinhlangothi ezintathu owaguqula abantu abagqilaziwe baba yinzuzo esigabeni ngasinye.
Uhwebo lonxantathu lwaxhuma izifunda ezintathu. Impahla eyenziwe ngezandla yayivela eYurophu iya e-Afrika; ama-Afrika agqilaziwe ayethunyelwa awele i-Atlantic (iMiddle Passage noma umzila ophakathi); kanti imikhiqizo yama-plantation efana noshukela, ugwayi nokotini yayibuyela eYurophu.
- Umzila 1: izibhamu, indwangu nempahla yensimbi kusuka eYurophu kuya ogwini lweNtshonalanga Afrika.
- Umzila 2: abantu abagqilaziwe kusuka e-Afrika kuya ema-Americas - iMiddle Passage.
- Umzila 3: ushukela, i-rum, ugwayi nokotini kusuka ema-Americas kubuyela eYurophu.
Speaker notes
Hamba imizila emithathu kudayagramu. Gcizelela ukuthi 'impahla' emzileni wesibili yayingabantu - yilapha idayagramu ingafihla khona ubunzima, ngakho kubize ngegama. Veza ukuthi inzuzo yenziwa egumbini ngalinye, yingakho abahwebi nemadolobha amaningi aseYurophu asekela uhlelo. Leli slayidi limisela iMiddle Passage, ephathwa eduze eslayidini elilandelayo.
Ukuwela i-Atlantic kwakuwuhlupheko olunonya abaningi abangazange balusinde.
KuMiddle Passage, abantu abagqilaziwe babepakishwe ngokuminyene ngaphansi kwedeki uhambo olwaluthatha amasonto amaningi. Izimo zazigcwele ngokweqile futhi zingahlanzekile, kwathi izifo, unya nokuphelelwa yithemba kwabangela ukufa okuningi.
- Abantu babeboshwa ngamaketango, benikwa ukudla namanzi amancane, futhi bencishwa isithunzi esiyisisekelo.
- Ingxenye ebalulekile yashona ngesikhathi sokuwela ngenxa yezifo nokuphathwa kabi.
- Nakuba kunjalo, abantu abagqilaziwe bamelana - ngokwenqaba ukudla, imivukela nangokubambelela enkumbulweni namasiko.
Speaker notes
Leli yislayidi elizwelayo kakhulu - libeke ngokwethembeka kodwa ngaphandle kwemininingwane engadingekile. Inhloso ukuzwelana nokuqonda, hhayi ukwethusa. Vuma ukuthi lo mlando ungaphatha kabi, ikakhulukazi kubafundi okhokho babo abathinteka, futhi udale isikhala sengxoxo enenhlonipho. Phetha ngamandla obuntu: abantu abagqilaziwe babengezona kuphela izisulu kodwa bamelana futhi bagcina amasiko, okuholela eslayidini elilandelayo. Gwema incazelo enemininingwane; gxila ekungabini nabulungiswa kanye nobuntu balabo abagqilaziwe.
Abantu abagqilaziwe abazange nje babe yizithulane - bamelana ngezindlela eziningi futhi bakha amasiko amasha.
Ema-Americas, abantu abagqilaziwe babhekana nomsebenzi ophoqelelwe nodlame ema-plantation, kodwa bamelana obala nangasese futhi bakha imiphakathi nobunikazi obusha.
- Ukumelana obala kwakuhlanganisa imivukela, ukubaleka nokwakha imiphakathi ekhululekile yabantu ababalekile.
- Ukumelana kwansuku zonke kwakuhlanganisa ukusebenza kancane, ukwephula amathuluzi nokugcina izilimi, umculo nenkolo kuphila.
- IHaitian Revolution (1791-1804) yabona abantu abagqilaziwe bewisa ubugqila basungula izwe elikhululekile.
Speaker notes
Linganisa ukuhlupheka kweslayidi elidlule namandla lapha - lokhu kubalulekile ekulandiseni okunenhlonipho nokunembayo. Hlukanisa ukumelana obala (imivukela, i-marronage) nokumelana kwansuku zonke (ukusebenza kancane, ukusinda kwamasiko). IHaitian Revolution iyisibonelo esinamandla sabantu abagqilaziwe abawina inkululeko futhi bakha umlando womhlaba. Leli slayidi likhombisa nekhono le-FET lokubona umbono namandla, hhayi ubusulu kuphela.
Lapho amaDashi ehlala e-Cape ngo-1652, akha umphakathi wobugqila othatha kwizwe loLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya.
I-Dutch East India Company (VOC) yasungula isiteshi sokuhlumelela e-Cape ngo-1652. Kusukela ngo-1658 yangenisa abantu abagqilaziwe - ikakhulukazi bevela eMpumalanga Afrika, eMadagascar, e-India naseNingizimu-Mpumalanga Asia - ukuze basebenze njengezisebenzi, izingcweti nabasebenzi basekhaya.
- Ubugqila base-Cape babuthatha kuhwebo loLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya, hhayi kakhulu kuhwebo lwase-Atlantic.
- ISlave Lodge yeNkampani eKapa yayigcina abaningi babantu abagqilaziwe be-VOC.
- IBrithani yaqeda uhwebo lwezigqila ngo-1807 futhi yaqeda ubugqila e-Cape kusukela ngo-1834, kwalandela iminyaka emine 'yobubhoshongo bomsebenzi' (apprenticeship).
Speaker notes
Yenza le ndaba yomhlaba wonke ibe eyendawo: iCape yaseNingizimu Afrika yayiyingxenye yenkathi efanayo yokwanda nobugqila, kodwa yayihlinzekwa kakhulu ngoLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya kunolwase-Atlantic. Lo mehluko uvame ukuhlolwa. Qaphela imisuka ehlukene yezigqila zase-Cape, eyabumba isiko lase-Cape, ulimi (isiBhunu) nomphakathi. ISlave Lodge eKapa iyindawo engokoqobo, evakashelwayo abafundi abangase bayazi. Veza ithunzi elide: ukukhululwa ngo-1834-1838 akuzange kulethe ukulingana, okuxhuma emlandweni wangemuva waseNingizimu Afrika.
- 1488 UDias uzungeza iCape of Good Hope
- 1492 UColumbus ufinyelela e-Caribbean
- 1498 UDa Gama ufinyelela e-India ngolwandle
- 1519-21 UCortes unqoba uMbuso wama-Aztec
- 1532 UPizarro uhlasela uMbuso wama-Inca
- 1652 AmaDashi ahlala e-Cape; kulandela ubugqila
- 1807 IBrithani iqeda uhwebo lwezigqila
- 1834-38 Ubugqila baphela e-Cape, kwalandela ububhoshongo bomsebenzi
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa umugqa wesikhathi ukuqinisa yonke iyunithi nokubonisa ukuthi izehlakalo zixhumene kanjani ngokuqinile phakathi kwenkathi eyodwa ende. Cela abafundi ukuba bakhombe ukuxhumana kwezimbangela phakathi kwezingeniso (isibonelo, ukuthi ukunqoba ema-Americas kuhlobene kanjani nokukhula kohwebo lwezigqila). Veza ukuthi ukuqedwa kohwebo (1807) kweza ngaphambi kokuqedwa kobugqila ngokwabo (awo-1830), umehluko ovame ukuhlolwa.
Ukwanda kwaseYurophu, ukunqotshwa kwama-Americas kanye nohwebo lwezigqila lwase-Atlantic kwakuyizingxenye zenqubo eyodwa exhumene enemiphumela ehlala isikhathi eside.
Kusukela ngawo-1400, ukwanda kwaseYurophu kwaxhuma amazwekazi emanethiwekhini amasha ohwebo namandla. Ukunqoba kwabhubhisa ama-Americas kwadala isidingo sabasebenzi esaqhuba uhwebo lwezigqila lwase-Atlantic, kanti e-Cape umphakathi wobugqila wabumbeka ngezwe loLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya. Lezi zinqubo zabumba umhlaba wanamuhla - futhi zisayindaba yenkulumompikiswano nokukhumbula nanamuhla.
Q. Chaza ukuthi kungani izifundabusa zaseYurophu zanda ngaphesheya kwezilwandle kusukela ngawo-1400. Bhekisela okungenani ezisusweni ezintathu ezehlukene empendulweni yakho. (6 marks)
Q. 'Izifo, hhayi izikhali ezingcono, kwakuyisona sizathu esikhulu sokunqoba kwamaSpain ama-Americas.' Uyavumelana yini? Sekela umbono wakho ngobufakazi. (8 marks)
Q. Chaza ukuthi ukunqotshwa kwama-Americas kwakuxhumene kanjani nokukhula kohwebo lwezigqila lwase-Atlantic. (6 marks)
Speaker notes
Vala ngokuqinisa umugqa oqhubekayo: ukwanda, ukunqoba nobugqila kwakuxhumene, hhayi izihloko ezehlukene. Imibuzo emithathu ilingisa izitayela ze-CAPS FET - incazelo ehlelekile (Q1), impikiswano esekelwe emthonjeni noma isahlulelo esifana ne-essay (Q2), kanye nokuxhumana kwembangela nomphumela (Q3). Khumbuza abafundi ukuba basebenzise ubufakazi futhi bacabangele ngaphezu kombono owodwa. Qaphela ukuthi le yunithi iholela emsebenzini wangemuva we-Ibanga 10 ngomnotho wobukoloni base-Cape nokwakhiwa komphakathi waseNingizimu Afrika.
- Grade
- Grade 10
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- European expansion, conquest and the slave trade
- Resource type
- Presentation