Iintlangano ezine ezisisityebi, ezinamandla nezahluke kakhulu - iMing China, iSonghai, iMughal India kunye neYurophu - kanye ngaphambi kwexesha loluntu oludityanisiweyo, lehlabathi liphela.
Speaker notes
Qala ngokuphonelela ingcinga eqhelekileyo yokuba iYurophu 'yayilawula' ihlabathi ngo-1600. Enyanisweni yayingayenzi loo nto. Malunga no-1600 amazwe azizezona zisisityebi, aneyona nani labantu likhulu kwaye anolawulo oluphuculiweyo ayekwi-Asia nase-Afrika. Misela umsebenzi ophambili wesifundo: ukuthelekisa ngokufanelekileyo iintlangano ezine ezinkulu, kwaye ubuze ukuba kutheni ulinganiselo lwamandla luya kutshintsha kwiinkulungwane ezizayo. Chaza ukuba 'malunga no-1600' kuthetha malunga no-1450 ukuya ku-1650.
U-1600 lixesha eliyisiphambano - kanye ngaphambi kokuba ukwanda kweYurophu ngaphesheya kolwandle kutshintshe ihlabathi.
Ukufunda iintlangano ezininzi kwakanye kusivumela ukuba sizithelekise ngokufanelekileyo, endaweni yokubalisa ibali leYurophu kuphela. Malunga no-1600 iziko lobutyebi, lokufunda namandla ehlabathi lalikuninzi lalo ngaphandle kweYurophu.
- Kubeka umgangatho osisiseko ngaphambi kokuba ukwanda kobukoloniyali baseYurophu kukhawuleze.
- Kulungisa imbono egxile eYurophu ngokubonisa amazwe ase-Afrika nase-Asia aphuculiweyo.
- Kunceda ukucacisa iingcambu zokoyisela, urhwebo nobukhoboka obuza kuchaphazela uMzantsi Afrika.
Speaker notes
Gxininisa injongo yohlalutyo (umgangatho we-FET): uthelekiso, imbono kunye nonobangela. Lumkisa abafundi ngengxelo ethi 'iYurophu yayisoloko iphambili' - ayichanekanga ngokwembali kwixesha lika-1600. Dibanisa phambili: iDutch East India Company (VOC), eyasekwa ngo-1602, iya kwakha isikhululo sokuhlaziya eKapa ngo-1652, yiyo loo nto lo mfanekiso wehlabathi ubalulekile kwimbali yoMzantsi Afrika.
Intlangano nganye yayilungiselelwe ngokwahlukileyo, kodwa nganye yayisisityebi kwaye iphuculwe kakhulu.
Ming China
Elona zwe likhulu, elisisityebi ehlabathini - ubukhosi obukhulu obudibeneyo obuqhutywa ngamagosa aqeqeshiweyo.
Songhai
Obona bukhosi bukhulu baseNtshona Afrika bango-1500, obakhelwe egolideni, etyweni nakwimfundo yamaSlamsi.
Mughal India
Ubukhosi obusisityebi, obunobizo obudumileyo ngezinto zokwenza (ilaphu), ubugcisa kunye (phantsi ko-Akbar) nokunyamezela ngokwenkolo.
Yurophu
Ayilolizwe elinye kodwa yizikumkani ezininzi eziqwuzayo - eyahlukene, ekhuphisanayo kwaye ejonge elwandle.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa ezi khadi zine njengemephu yesifundo siphela - amaslayidi amane alandelayo athatha ngokulandelelana. Cela abafundi ukuba baqikelele, kula magama nje, ukuba yeyiphi intlangano ababona iyeyona inamandla ngo-1600 kwaye kutheni. Uninzi luya kuqikelela iYurophu; isifundo siya kuphikisa loo qikelelo.
Malunga no-1600 iChina yayinelona nani labantu likhulu kwaye mhlawumbi yayisisona sityebi sentlangano ehlabathini.
Ubukhosi beMing babulawula ubukhosi obumanyeneyo obunabantu abangaphezu kwe-100 lezigidi. Urhulumente wawuqhutywa ngamagosa achwephesha akhethwa ngokusebenzisa iimviwo zamagosa ezinzima, ezavavanya ulwazi lweetekisti zamaConfucian. Umlawuli wayelawula eseForbidden City eBeijing.
- IChina yayithengisa isilika, iti neporcelaini entle, itsala isilivere eninzi yaseMelika neyaseJapan.
- Iinqanawa zobutyebi zeMing zangaphambili phantsi kwe-Admiral uZheng He (1405-1433) zazihambe zaya kufika eMpuma Afrika.
- Ngo-1600 urhulumente wawusele ujonge ngaphakathi, ethintela uhambo lwaselwandle kwaye esakha kwakhona uDonga oluKhulu (Great Wall).
Speaker notes
Gxininisa ubungakanani nokuphucuka: urhulumente osekelwe kukusebenza kakuhle iinkulungwane ngaphambi kokuba uninzi lweYurophu lube nawo, kunye noqoqosho olukhulu kangangokuba lwathabatha uninzi lwesilivere yehlabathi. Chaza ukubaluleka kokurhoxiswa kweenqanawa zobutyebi - yayilukhetho, hayi ukungakwazi - okwathetha ukuba iChina yayingafuni ubukhosi baphesheya kanye njengoko amaYurophu ayeqala. [SME] Qinisekisa amanani abantu neurhwebo lwesilivere ngokuchasene neencwadi zesikolo zangoku ngaphambi kwemveliso.
Obona bukhosi bukhulu kwimbali yaseNtshona Afrika, kwincopho yabo phakathi kuka-1400 no-1500.
Bugxile kwisixeko saseGao kuMlambo iNiger, iSonghai yakhula yaba namandla phantsi kukaSunni Ali ngokukodwa phantsi kukaAskia Muhammad (walawula ngo-1493-1528). Ubutyebi bayo babuvela ekulawuleni urhwebo olunqumla iSahara kwigolide netyuwa, kwaye lalilizwe lamaSlamsi elinolawulo olomeleleyo nomkhosi.
- ITimbuktu neDjenne yayingamaziko adumileyo emfundo yamaSlamsi, aneeyunivesithi neethala leencwadi zemibhalo yesandla.
- Abarhwebi babetshintshiselana igolide yaseNtshona Afrika ngetyuwa, ilaphu, iincwadi namahashe avela eMntla Afrika.
- Ngo-1591 umkhosi waseMorocco onemipu woyisa iSonghai kwiDabi laseTondibi, ubukhosi baqhekeka.
Speaker notes
Eli slayidi liphethe umahluko obalulekileyo: ngokuchanekileyo, iSonghai yadilika ngo-1591, kanye phambi ko-1600. I-CAPS iseyifunda njengentlangano enkulu 'malunga no-1600' kuba yayilawula iNtshona Afrika kwinkulungwane engaphambili. Yiba nomlomo ovulekileyo kubafundi malunga neli xesha. Sebenzisa imibhalo yesandla yaseTimbuktu ukuphikisa intsomi yokuba iAfrika yangaphambi kobukoloniyali yayingenayo imfundo ebhaliweyo. [SME] Qinisekisa iminyaka ka-Askia Muhammad kunye nomhla ka-1591/iDabi laseTondibi ngokuchasene nenqaku leSonghai leSAHO.
Malunga no-1600 uBukhosi baseMughal phantsi ko-Akbar babungobunye bobona busisityebi nobunenkcubeko ehlabathini.
Ubukhosi baseMughal (obasekwa ngo-1526) babulawula uninzi lwesuntswana laseIndiya. Owona mlawuli wayo mkhulu, Akbar (walawula ngo-1556-1605), wakha inkqubo elungeleleneyo yerhafu nolawulo waza wakhuthaza umgaqo-nkqubo wokunyamezela ngokwenkolo (sulh-i-kul, 'uxolo nabo bonke') phakathi kwamaHindu, amaSlamsi nabanye.
- IIndiya yayingumvelisi ophambili ehlabathini welaphu elihle lomqhaphu, elalirhwetywa kuyo yonke iAsia, iAfrika neYurophu.
- Iinkundla zaseMughal zavelisa ubugcisa obumangalisayo, uyilo lwezakhiwo (kamva iTaj Mahal) noncwadi.
- Iinkampani zorhwebo zaseYurophu zeza eIndiya njengamahlakani asezantsi zifuna ukufikelela kwiimpahla zayo.
Speaker notes
Gxininisa iindawo ezimbini zothelekiso: ubutyebi baseMughal (ishishini lelaphu laseIndiya lalilawula ehlabathini) kunye nokunyamezela ngamabomu kuka-Akbar, okuwumahluko obalulekileyo neemfazwe zonqulo zaseYurophu zeli xesha. Qaphela ubudlelwane bamandla: abarhwebi baseYurophu bafika njengabaceli, hayi njengabaoyisayo - okuchaseneyo nomfanekiso wobukoloniyali kamva. Oku kuvusa kwakhona icala lamandla eminyaka yoo-1600.
Ayibobukhosi obunye kodwa yizizwe ezininzi ezikhuphisanayo - ezahlukene, ezingazoliswanga kwaye ezijonge ngaphandle.
IYurophu malunga no-1600 yayahlulwe yaba zizikumkani needolophu-zizwe eziqwuzayo, ezingazolisiswanga yiRenaissance, iReformation kunye neemfazwe zonqulo. Yayincinci kwaye ilihlwempu kuneMing China okanye iMughal India, kodwa noko yayivelisa izixhobo ezitsha ezaziza kubaluleka kakhulu: imatshini yoshicilelo (printing press), izixhobo zomsi wesibhamu, iinqanawa ezinkulu zaselwandle kunye neenkampani ezinabaninisabelo (joint-stock companies).
- IPortugal neSpain zazisele zivule iindlela zaselwandle eziya eMelika, eAfrika naseAsia.
- IiNkampani zaseEast India zamaNgesi (1600) nezamaDatshi (VOC, 1602) zasekwa ukuze zizuze kurhwebo lwaseAsia.
- Ukhuphiswano phakathi kwamazwe lwaqhuba uphando, imfazwe kunye nesiqalo seekoloni zaphesheya.
Speaker notes
Lungisa ulandelelwano: ngo-1600 iYurophu yayisemaphethelweni, hayi embindini. Ukuphumelela kwayo kwakungabobungakanani okanye ubutyebi kodwa yayingumxube wokhuphiswano, amandla aselwandle, ezemali (iinkampani ezinabaninisabelo) kunye netekhnoloji yezomkhosi, ngaphezu kokufikelela kwisilivere yaseMelika nomhlaba. Yazisa iVOC apha ukuze abafundi babambe intambo eya eKapa ngo-1652. Beka ukwanda kweYurophu ngokungathabathi cala ngoku; imigaqo yokuziphatha iza kwamaslayidi alandelayo.
Khangela iipatheni zokufana nokwahluka kulawulo, ubutyebi kunye nembono.
Speaker notes
Le yindawo esisiseko sohlalutyo lwesifundo. Bonisa indlela yokucinga ngothelekiso: khetha umxholo (umzekelo urhulumente, unqulo, okanye imbono ngokwanda kwaphesheya) uze uwulandele kuzo zonke iintlangano ezine. Tyhalela abafundi ngaphaya kokudwelisa izinto ukuya ekucaciseni ukubaluleka - ngokukodwa umahluko phakathi kweChina ejonge ngaphakathi neYurophu ejonge ngaphandle, okunceda ukucacisa utshintsho lwamandla ehlabathi kamva.
Ngo-1600 iimpahla, isilivere, iingcinga nabantu babehamba phakathi kwazo zonke ezi ntlangano.
Ezi ntlangano zazingazahluli. Iindlela zokunqumla iSahara zazidibanisa iNtshona Afrika neMedithera; ithungelwano loLwandle lwaseIndiya ludibanisa iMpuma Afrika, iArabhiya, iIndiya neChina; kwaye iindlela ezintsha zeAtlantiki zidibanisa iYurophu, iAfrika neMelika. Isilivere yaseMelika yayityhutyha isiya empuma ukuthenga isilika neporcelaini yaseTshayina.
- Igolide, ityuwa, amazinyo endlovu, ilaphu, izinongo neporcelaini zaziwela iilizwekazi.
- Iindlela ze-Atlantiki zazikhwela nkqu norhwebo olukhulayo, olukhohlakeleyo lwabantu abakhotyokisiweyo baseAfrika.
- Eli 'xesha lokuqala lehlabathi liphela' labeka isiseko sokwanda kobukoloniyali baseYurophu.
Speaker notes
Qinisa unxibelelwano: u-1600 uhlala ubizwa ngokuba sisiqalo 'sexesha lokuqala lehlabathi liphela' kuba okokuqala yonke imimandla emikhulu yehlabathi yayidityaniswe ngurhwebo oluqhelekileyo. Yazisa urhwebo lwamakhoboka olunqumla iAtlantiki ngokunyaniseka kodwa ngokufanelekele iminyaka apha - ulibize njengenkqubo yomsebenzi wokunyanzelwa nokubandezeleka koluntu owakhula kunye nolu rhwebo, ngaphandle kweenkcukacha ezikrwada. Lubuya kwislayidi lwemigaqo yokuziphatha.
- 1368 Ubukhosi beMing basekwa eChina
- 1493 U-Askia Muhammad uqala ixesha legolide leSonghai
- 1526 Ubukhosi baseMughal basekwa eIndiya
- 1556 U-Akbar uba ngumlawuli waseMughal
- 1591 Uhlaselo lwaseMorocco luphelisa uBukhosi baseSonghai
- 1600-02 IiNkampani zaseEast India zamaNgesi nezamaDatshi (VOC) zasekwa
- 1652 IVOC iqala isikhululo sokuhlaziya eKapa
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa uxwebhu lwexesha ukumisela ulandelelwano nokwenza unxulumano loMzantsi Afrika lucace ekugqibeleni: kwaukwanda kwezorhwebo kweYurophu okubonakala ngo-1600 kwafika eKapa ngo-1652. Cela abafundi ukuba baqaphele indlela ekusondelelene ngayo u-1591 (ukuwa kweSonghai) no-1600-1602 (iinkampani zorhwebo) - unikezelo olungumfuziselo lomfutho.
Ubungqina buka-1600 buphonelela ingcinga yokuba iYurophu yayisoloko iyinkokeli yehlabathi.
Ixesha elide imbali yayibhalwa ngokusekwe kwimbono yaseYurophu, ithatha ezinye iintlangano njengezi'sasempuma'. Ihlabathi lika-1600 libonisa okuchaseneyo: iChina, iSonghai neMughal India yayiphuculwe njenge - kwaye rhoqo ngaphezu kwe - Yurophu. Ababhali-mbali abalungileyo balinganisa iimbono ezahlukeneyo kwaye bayayibuza imithombo yabo.
- Buza ukuba ngubani owenza umthombo, kwaye lelika bani ilizwi elingekhoyo.
- Impumelelo yaseAfrika naseAsia isembindini, ayilomnqophiso, kwimbali yehlabathi.
- Ukuqonda u-1600 ngokufanelekileyo kusinceda ukuqonda ukuba amandla atshintsha njani kamva - kwaye kutheni.
Speaker notes
Eli slayidi lakha isakhono se-CAPS sokusebenza nembono nomkhethe. Khuthaza abafundi ukuba bachaze ingozi yebali elinye. Liqhagamshele kwimeko yabo: uninzi lwembali yobukoloniyali eMzantsi Afrika lwalusoloko lubaliswa ngokwembono yabahlali. Isilungiso asikokujika sibe yintsomi entsha kodwa kukulinganisa ubungqina ngenyameko.
Ihlabathi elidityanisiweyo lika-1600 lakwavula umnyango wokoyisela nokurhwetywa kwabantu abakhotyokisiweyo.
Ukwanda kweYurophu ngaphesheya kolwandle kwazisa urhwebo olutsha nonxibelelwano, kodwa kwazisa nokoyisela kobukoloniyali kunye norhwebo olukhulayo lwamakhoboka olunqumla iAtlantiki olwanyanzela izigidi zabantu baseAfrika ebukhobokeni. Sikufunda oku ngokunyaniseka, sikhumbula ukuba aba yayingabantu benyani, hayi nje amanani.
Imbali ayimalunga nabanamandla kuphela; kufuneka nayo ibuyise amava abo boyiselwayo, barhwetywayo baza bathuliswa. Umgaqo osikhokelayo wokufunda u-1600
- Ukwanda kwakunabaphumeleli namaxhoba - bobabini bafanele bakwirekhodi.
- Ilifa lorhwebo lwamakhoboka lisachaphazela iintlangano, kubandakanya uMzantsi Afrika, namhlanje.
Speaker notes
Sondela kweli slayidi ngenyameko nesidima. Injongo kukunyaniseka ngaphandle kokwenza ubugorha: chaza ubundlobongela bobukoloniyali norhwebo lwamakhoboka ngokucacileyo, wamkele ubuntu babo bakhotyokisiweyo naboyiselweyo, kwaye uphephe imifanekiso ekrwada. Mema ingxoxo ecingayo (hayi ecaphukisayo). Oku kubambelela kwicala lokuziphatha elilindelwe yi-CAPS kwaye kudibanisa imbali yehlabathi neyakudala yoMzantsi Afrika.
Malunga no-1600 amagunya amakhulu ehlabathi ayesasazeke kuyo yonke iAsia neAfrika; ukuvela kweYurophu kwakusekphambili.
IMing China, iSonghai neMughal India zazisisityebi, zilawulwa kakuhle kwaye zisisityebi ngenkcubeko, ngelixa iYurophu eyahlukene yayisaqala ukujonga ngaphandle. Urhwebo lwabopha la mahlabathi ndawonye - kwaye olo nxibelelwano lwaluza kutshintsha kungekudala ulinganiselo lwamandla ehlabathi, ekugqibeleni lufike eKapa.
Q. Thelekisa iMing China neYurophu malunga no-1600 ngokwenkqubo yezopolitiko nembono ngokwanda kwaphesheya. (8 marks)
Q. Chaza ukuba urhwebo lwaludibanisa njani iNtshona Afrika, iIndiya neChina nehlabathi elibanzi ngo-1600. Bhekisa kubuncinane kwiithungelwano zorhwebo ezimbini. (6 marks)
Q. "Ngo-1600, iYurophu yayingekabi yeyona ndawo inamandla ehlabathini." Usebenzisa ubungqina obuvela kubuncinane kwiintlangano ezimbini, ngaba uyavuma? Chaza impendulo yakho. (10 marks)
Speaker notes
Vala ngokubuyela kumbuzo wokuqala: ngubani 'owayephambili' ngo-1600? Ubungqina buthi asiyoYurophu. Sebenzisa imibuzo emithathu kuvavanyo olubhaliweyo okanye ingxoxo; ubunzima bamanqaku bulinganisa imisebenzi yeCAPS esekwe kumthombo neyokubhala okwandisiweyo. Umbuzo we-10 lamanqaku ngumyalelo wokubhala okwandisiweyo ofuna umgca ocacileyo wengxoxo nobungqina. Khumbuza abafundi ukuba lo mxholo umisela isifundo sebanga le-10 kamva sokwanda kobukoloniyali eMzantsi Afrika.
- Grade
- Grade 10
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- The world around 1600
- Resource type
- Presentation