Kganetso ya Setshaba, dingwaga tsa bo-1970 le bo-1980
Ka fao kganetso ya mo gare ga naga e neng ya tsosolosa baganetsi ba tlhaolele - go tswa mo Black Consciousness le Soweto go ya go UDF le maemo a tshoganyetso.
Speaker notes
Baya thuto mo bokaong. Mo dingwageng tsa bo-1960 go thibelwa ga ANC le PAC, Tsheko ya Rivonia le dikatlholo tse ditelele tsa kgolegelo di ne tsa tlogela kganetso ya mo gare ga naga e le bokoa. Thuto e e latedisa gore, go simolola bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo-1960, lekgotlo le lesha la kganetso le agile gape go tswa mo gare ga naga: pele dikakanyo (Black Consciousness), morago borukhutlhi jwa baswa (1976), badiri ba ba rulaganeng (mekgatlho ya badiri), mme kwa bofelong pele e e bontsi (UDF) e puso e neng e leka go e phatlakanya ka taolo ya tshoganyetso. Kopa barutwana gore ba nne ba botse: ke mang yo o ganetsang, jang, mme puso e arabela jang?
'Ngwaga wa didi' le bokhutlo jwa yona
Ka bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo-1960 tlhaolele e ne e lebega e sireletsegile - fela kganetso e ne e ikgobokanya gape ka setu.
Morago ga Sharpeville (1960) puso e ne ya thibela ANC le PAC, ya tsenya baeteledipele jaaka Nelson Mandela mo kgolegelong, mme ya kgweeletsa mekgatlho ya kgololosego kwa botshabelong le mo sephiring. Kganetso ya bontsintsi e e bulegileng mo gare ga naga e ne ya phatlakanngwa, mme dingwaga tsa bo-1960 ka nako tse dingwe di bidiwa 'ngwaga wa didi'.
- Melao ya kgatelelo e ne e letla tshwaro ntle le tsheko le go thibela batlhabani.
- Ikonomi e ne ya gola, fela Maafrika a ne a ntse a sa akaretswe mo taolong ya sepolotiki.
- Kganetso e ntsha e ne e tla gola go tswa mo baithuting, badiring le baagelaneng go na le mo mekgatlhong e e thibetsweng.
Speaker notes
Tlhomamisa go tswelelapele le phetogo. Barutwana ba setse ba kopane le Sharpeville le go retologela mo ntweng ya dibetsa mo thutong e e fetileng. Gatelela gore tsosoloso ya dingwaga tsa bo-1970 e ne e le kgang ya makgotlo a masha a a dirang ka semolao kgotsa ka bontlha bongwe jwa semolao mo Aforika Borwa, ka gonne mekgatlho e e tlwaelegileng e ne e thibetswe. Se se baya lebaka la gore ke ka ntlha yang Black Consciousness le mekgatlho ya badiri e e ikemetseng e ne e le botlhokwa thata.
Black Consciousness le Steve Biko
'Sebetsa se se maatla thata mo diatleng tsa mogateledi ke mogopolo wa yo o gateletsweng.'
Ka go tshwenyega ka dipolotiki tsa baithuti tse di eteletsweng pele ke basweu, baithuti ba bantsho ba ne ba ikgaoganya go tlhoma South African Students' Organisation (SASO) ka 1969, ka Steve Biko e le moporesidente wa yona wa ntlha. Filosofi ya bona, Black Consciousness (BC), e ne e rotloetsa Maafrika Borwa a mantsho gore a gane maikutlo a bokoa, a ikgantshe ka boitshupo jwa bona, mme a ipoloke mo mogopolong pele a ka ipoloka mo dipolotiking.
- 'Ntsho' e ne e tlhalosiwa ka dipolotiki go akaretsa batho ba Maafrika, Bakhalara le Maindia ba ba gateletsweng ke tlhaolele.
- Black People's Convention (1972) e ne ya anamisa dikakanyo tsa BC mo baagelaneng ka diporojeke tsa boithuso.
- BC e ne ya naya kokomana e ntsha boitshepo le puo ya go ganetsa.
Speaker notes
SASO e ne ya tlhomiwa ka 1968 mme ya simololwa ka semmuso ka 1969 kwa Turfloop; boloka kgatelelo mo 1969 jaaka nako ya go simolola. Tlhalosa BC jaaka kgololosego ya mogopolo: boikgantsho, boithatlhomo le boitumelelano gareng ga ba ba gateletsweng. Ela tlhoko go tlhaloswa gape ka dipolotiki ga 'ntsho' go aga boitshupo jo bo atlhameng. Bontsha pharologano le mekgatlho ya pele: BC e ne ya dira mo pontsheng le ka semolao kwa tshimologong, e leng se se dirileng gore e aname ka bonako mo dikhampasing le mo dikeleniki le mananeong a baagelane.
Borukhutlhi jwa Soweto
Kganetso ya baithuti kgatlhanong le Seburu mo dikolong e ne ya nna borukhutlhi jwa naga yotlhe.
Ka 1974 mmuso o ne wa laela gore Seburu se dirisiwe ka go lekana le Sekgowa jaaka puo ya go ruta mo dikolong tsa bantsho. Baithuti, ba le bantsi ba tlhotlhelediwa ke Black Consciousness, ba ne ba bona seno e le 'puo ya mogateledi'. Ka 16 Seetebosigo 1976 diketekete tsa baithuti ba Soweto ba ne ba tsamaya ka kagiso; mapodisi a thunya, mme kganetso ya thunyega go nna borukhutlhi jo bo anameng mo nageng yotlhe.
- Dipalo tsa semmuso di beile batho ba ba suleng ka 23 mo letsatsing la ntlha; dikakanyetso tsa moragonyana di kwa godimo thata.
- Setshwantsho sa Hector Pieterson yo o neng a swa se ne sa nna ditaba tse dikgolo mo lefatsheng.
- Diketekete tsa baswa ba ne ba tshabela kwa botshabelong mme ba ineela mo mekgatlhong ya kgololosego.
Speaker notes
Tshwara thubego ka boikarabelo: totama mo maikaelelong a baithuti a kagiso le mo thatong e e sa lekanang e e dirisitsweng. Palo ya baswi e a ganetsanwa - umaka 23 ya semmuso ya letsatsi la ntlha fa o umaka dikakanyetso tse di kwa godimo tsa borradihisitori, mme o efoge palo e le nngwe ya 'bofelo'. Gatelela ditlamorago: kgobo ya boditshabatshaba, koketsego ya batho ba ba ineelang mo ANC le PAC kwa botshabelong, le go goroga ga baswa jaaka lebotlana la botlhokwa la ntwa. Golaganya morago le Thuto ya Bantu go tswa mo thutong ya Mophato wa 9.
Loso lwa Biko le dithibelo tsa 1977
Puso e ne ya leka go bolaya kakanyo ka go didimatsa mekgatlho ya yona.
Steve Biko o ne a tshwarwa mme a swela mo tshwarong ya mapodisi ka 12 Lwetse 1977 ka ntlha ya dikgobalo tse a di boneng ka nako ya potsolotso. Loso lwa gagwe lo ne lwa baka kgobo ya boditshabatshaba. Ka 19 Diphalane 1977 mmuso o ne wa thibela mekgatlho e ka nna 18 ya Black Consciousness le e e amanang le yona, go akaretsa SASO le Black People's Convention, mme wa tswala dikuranta tse di neng di begile ka mokgatlho.
- Biko o ne a nna letshwao la lefatshe la kganetso le la sesenyi sa tlhaolele.
- Go thibela mekgatlho ga go a ka ga senya dikakanyo tse e neng e di anamisitse.
- Batlhabani ba le bantsi ba ne ba ikgobokanya gape ka mekgatlho ya badiri, dikereke le mekgatlho ya baagelane.
Speaker notes
Patlisiso ya loso lwa Biko e ne ya fitlhela go se ope yo o nang le molato, se ka bosona se ne sa nna bosupi jwa tshiamololo ya tlhaolele; o ka umaka seno fa o boloka dintlha di lekana le dingwaga tsa barutwana. Ntlha ya botlhokwa ya tokololo: kgatelelo e ne e ka thibela mekgatlho le go bolaya baeteledipele, fela Black Consciousness e ne e setse e fetotse ka fao kokomana e neng e akanya ka teng, mme batho bao ba ne ba tsaya ntwa mo dibopegong tse dintsha. Se se golaganya sentle le go tlhatloga ga mekgatlho ya badiri.
Maatla a badiri ba ba rulaganeng
Dikgetsi le mekgatlho ya badiri di ne tsa fetola maatla a ikonomi go nna kgatelelo ya sepolotiki.
Dikgetsi tsa Durban tsa 1973 - diketekete tsa badiri ba emisa go dira - di ne tsa bontsha maatla a tiro ya botlhe mme tsa tsosa lekgotlo le lesha la mekgatlho ya badiri ba bantsho e e ikemetseng. Yona e ne ya gola mo dingwageng, ya tlhoma Federation of South African Trade Unions (FOSATU) ka 1979 mme, ka Sedimonthole 1985, mekgatlho e megolo thata Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU).
- COSATU e ne ya simololwa ka 1 Sedimonthole 1985 ka Elijah Barayi jaaka moporesidente le Jay Naidoo jaaka mokwaledi kakaretso.
- Mekgatlho ya badiri e ne ya golaganya dikopo tsa tuelo le ntwa e e atlhameng kgatlhanong le tlhaolele.
- Dikgetsi le go emisa tiro (stayaways) di ne tsa nna dibetsa tse di maatla mo dingwageng tsa bo-1980.
Speaker notes
Tlhalosa gore ke ka ntlha yang mekgatlho ya badiri e ne e le botlhokwa: tlhaolele e ne e ikaega ka badiri ba bantsho, ka jalo badiri ba ba rulaganeng ba ne ba ka utlwisa ikonomi botlhoko mme ba pateletsa dipuisano. FOSATU (1979) e ne ya aga ngwao e e sa lebeng mmala, ya boemo jwa lefelo la tiro; COSATU (1985) e ne ya kopanya boleloko jo bogolo thata mme ya ipopa mo pontsheng le ntwa e e atlhameng ya kgololosego. Golaganya le nako ya UDF: mekgatlho ya badiri le ya baagelane e ne e dira mmogo mo go emiseng tiro le mo diboycottong.
Palamente ya Tricameral
'Ntlafatso' e e neng ya naya bangwe tshwanelo ya go bouta fa e ntse e sa akaretse bontsi.
Ka 1983 mmuso o ne wa tlhoma molaotheo o mosha o o dirang Palamente ya Tricameral ka dikamore tse tharo tse di farologaneng: e le nngwe ya basweu, e nngwe ya Bakhalara le e nngwe ya Maindia - fela go se na kemedi epe ya bontsi jwa Maafrika. E ne e dirilwe go kgaoganya ba ba gateletsweng le go naya tlhaolele sefatlhego se se amogelesegang thata.
- Maatla a nnete a ne a sala mo diatleng tsa basweu ka mokgwa o o beilweng boima jo bo sa lekanang.
- Maafrika a ne a tshwanetse go dirisa 'ditshwanelo' fela mo Bantustan.
- Mo boemong jwa go kgaoganya baganetsi, e ne ya ba kopanya mo kganetsong.
Speaker notes
Se ke lebaka la botlhokwa la go tlhomiwa ga UDF. Dira ntlha ya tokololo sentle: mokgwa wa Tricameral e ne e le leano la go reka le go kgaoganya - reka baeteledipele ba Bakhalara le Maindia, kgaoganya Maafrika mo Bantustan. Botsa barutwana gore ke ka ntlha yang go sa akaretse bontsi go dirile 'ntlafatso' phoso ya sepolotiki. E ne ya naya kganetso ngongorego e le nngwe e e kopanyang.
United Democratic Front
'UDF unites, apartheid divides.'
Ka 20 Phatwe 1983 batho ba ka nna 10,000 ba ne ba phuthega kwa Mitchells Plain, Kapa, go simolola United Democratic Front (UDF). Ka go araba pitso ya Moruti Allan Boesak ya go ganetsa molaotheo wa Tricameral, baemedi ba ba tswang mo mekgatlhong e e ka nna 565 e e amaneng - mekgatlho ya baagelane, ya badiri, dikereke, ya baithuti le ya basadi - ba ne ba kopana mo kopanong e le nngwe e e atlhameng.
- UDF e ne ya ipoloka mo pontsheng le maikaelelo a Freedom Charter le ANC e e neng e le kwa botshabelong.
- Baeteledipele ba ne ba akaretsa Albertina Sisulu, Archie Gumede le Popo Molefe.
- E ne ya rulaganya diboycott, go emisa tiro le matsholo a bontsintsi mo nageng yotlhe.
Speaker notes
UDF ke bogare jwa kganetso ya mo gare ga naga ya dingwaga tsa bo-1980. Gatelela sebopego sa yona - kopano ya makgolo a mekgatlho e e ikemetseng go na le lekoko le le lengwe - se se dirileng gore go nne thata gore puso e e thibele. E ne e sa lebe mmala mme e ikaega ka Freedom Charter, e dira jaaka molekane wa mo gare ga naga wa ANC e e kwa botshabelong. Ela tlhoko maina a baeteledipele go atolosa setshwantsho go feta batho ba le babedi kgotsa mongwe, go akaretsa baeteledipele ba basadi jaaka Albertina Sisulu.
Kganetso ya setshaba, 1969-1986
- 1969 SASO e a simololwa; Black Consciousness e a anama
- 1973 Dikgetsi tsa Durban di tsosolosa mekgatlho ya badiri
- 1976 Borukhutlhi jwa Soweto (16 Seetebosigo)
- 1977 Biko o swela mo tshwarong; mekgatlho ya BC e a thibelwa
- 1983 Molaotheo wa Tricameral; UDF e a simololwa
- 1985-86 COSATU e a tlhomiwa; maemo a tshoganyetso a naga yotlhe
Speaker notes
Dirisa se go kopanya pele ga diteronki tsa bofelo tsa tokololo. Kopa barutwana gore ba latedise paterone: dikakanyo (1969), badiri (1973), baswa (1976), kgatelelo (1977), kopano ya bontsintsi (1983), kgotlhang le taolo ya tshoganyetso (1985-86). Supa gore legato lengwe le lengwe le agile mo go le le fetileng - mokgatlho o ne wa gola o atlhame mme o rulagane botoka le fa go ne go na le kgatelelo e e boima.
Maemo a tshoganyetso, 1985-1986
Fa metsesetoropo e tsoga, mmuso o ne wa busa ka taelo ya tshoganyetso.
Ka Ferikgong 1985 ANC e e kwa botshabelong e ne ya bitsa batho gore ba dire tlhaolele 'e palele go busiwa'. Metsesetoropo e ne ya thunyega ka diboycott tsa rente le tsa bareki, diboycott tsa dikolo, go emisa tiro le go tlhoma dikomiti tsa mebila. Puso e ne ya araba ka maemo a tshoganyetso a bontlha ka 21 Phukwi 1985, le maemo a tshoganyetso a naga yotlhe ka 12 Seetebosigo 1986.
- Diketekete di ne tsa tshwarwa ntle le tsheko, go akaretsa batlhabani ba le bantsi ba UDF.
- Sesole se ne sa tsena mo metsesetoropong mme dikuranta di ne tsa thibelwa thata.
- Kgatelelo e ne ya fokotsa borukhutlhi fela e ne e ka se busetse boemo jwa semmuso jwa tlhaolele.
Speaker notes
Pitso ya 'go palela go busiwa' e ne e tswa mo polelong ya Oliver Tambo ya Ferikgong 1985. Tlhalosa maano a borukhutlhi jwa bontsintsi - diboycott, go emisa tiro, dibopego tse dingwe tsa metsesetoropo - jaaka maiteko a go dira gore tsamaiso ya tlhaolele e wele go tswa kwa tlase. Morago tlhalosa maemo a tshoganyetso jaaka maiteko a puso a go phatlakanya seno ka ditshwaro, masole le go thibela dikuranta. Ntlha ya tokololo: thata e ne e ka thibela kganetso ka nakwana fela e ne ya oketsa mathata a boemo jwa semmuso a a neng a kgweeletsa mmuso kwa dipuisanong ka 1990.
Diboycott, go emisa tiro le kgatelelo ya boditshabatshaba
Kganetso e ne ya kopanya kgatelelo go tswa mo gare le kwa ntle ga naga.
Diboycott tsa bareki le tsa rente
Baagelane ba ne ba gana go reka mo mabenkeleng a a nang le basweu kgotsa go duela rente, ba utlwisa ikonomi le dibopego tsa selegae tsa tlhaolele botlhoko.
Go emisa tiro le diboycott tsa dikolo
Badiri le baithuti ba ne ba gogela morago tiro le go tsena ga bona, ba bontsha kganetso ya bontsintsi ya tlhaolele.
Kgatelelo ya boditshabatshaba
Dikotlhao, go ntsha matlotlo le diboycott tsa metshameko le setso di ne tsa kgaoganya Aforika Borwa kwa ntle.
Speaker notes
Bontsha ka fao kgatelelo ya mo gare le ya kwa ntle di neng di thusana ka teng. Diboycott tsa bareki le tsa rente di ne tsa fetola dikgetho tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tsa ikonomi go nna dibetsa tsa sepolotiki mme di ne di golagane thata le UDF le mekgatlho ya badiri. Dikotlhao tsa boditshabatshaba le boycott ya metshameko (jaaka go tswiwa mo Olympics le go kgaoganngwa mo cricket le rugby) di ne tsa oketsa tlhwatlhwa ya tlhaolele mme tsa oketsa maikutlo a a molemo mo gare ga naga. Rotloetsa barutwana go lekanyetsa gore lebaka lengwe le lengwe le ne le tsenya letseno le le kae - kganetsano e e tlwaelegileng ya tokololo ya FET.
Kakanyo e e fetileng dithibelo botshelo
Black Consciousness e ne ya bolela gore kgololosego e simolola mo mogopolong.
The most potent weapon in the hands of the oppressor is the mind of the oppressed. Steve Biko, dingwaga tsa bo-1970
Kutlwisiso ya ga Biko e tlhalosa gore ke ka ntlha yang kganetso ya dingwaga tsa bo-1970 le bo-1980 e ne e le maatla thata. Fa batho ba sena go gana tumelo ya gore tlhaolele e tlhago kgotsa e sa khutle, ga go na taelo ya thibelo e e neng e ka busa tumelo eo ka botlalo. Boitshepo jo bo agilweng ke Black Consciousness bo ne bo fepa borukhutlhi jwa baswa jwa 1976, mekgatlho ya badiri le tlhotlheletso ya bontsintsi ya UDF.
Speaker notes
Dirisa polelo go kopanya megopolo. Ntlha ya konokono ya thuto: kgatelelo e ne e ka thibela mekgatlho, e tsenya baeteledipele mo kgolegelong e bile e a bolaya, fela e ne e ka se fetole tlhaloganyo ya sepolotiki ya dimilione tsa Maafrika Borwa. Kopa barutwana go golaganya polelo le bonnye ditiragalo tse pedi tse di umakilweng mo thutong (sekai Soweto 1976 le UDF). Se se supa mokgwa wa temana e e theilweng mo bosuping o dirisitso tsa CAPS di o dueleng.
Se re se ithutileng - le dipotso tsa go arabiwa
Kganetso ya mo gare ga naga e ne ya aga gape go tswa mo dikakanyong go ya go tiro ya bontsintsi, mme boemo jwa semmuso jwa tlhaolele bo ne jwa wa le fa kgatelelo e ne e gola.
Gareng ga bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo-1960 le bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo-1980, kganetso e ne ya suta go tswa mo Black Consciousness go ya go borukhutlhi jwa 1976, go tlhatloga ga mekgatlho ya badiri, le tlhotlheletso ya bontsintsi ya UDF. 'Ntlafatso' ya Tricameral ya mmuso le maemo a yona a tshoganyetso di ne tsa palelwa ke go bona boemo jwa semmuso, tsa baya lebaka la dipuisano kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo.
Q. Tlhalosa ka fao Black Consciousness e neng ya tsenya letseno mo tsosolosong ya kganetso mo dingwageng tsa bo-1970. Dirisa bosupi go tshegetsa karabo ya gago. (8 marks)
Q. Ke ka ntlha yang United Democratic Front e ne ya nna mokgwa o o dirang thata wa kganetso ya mo gare ga naga mo dingwageng tsa bo-1980? (6 marks)
Q. 'Maemo a tshoganyetso a 1985-1986 a ne a nonotsha tlhaolele go na le go e fokotsa.' A o dumalana? Tlotla. (10 marks)
Speaker notes
Konela ka go golaganya diteronki jaaka lebaka le ditlamorago. Dirisa dipotso tse tharo jaaka ditiro tsa mokwalo o o theilweng mo motsong kgotsa mokwalo o o atlhameng; dikabo tsa maraka di supa mekgwa ya temana le tiro ya CAPS. Potso ya bofelo ya mokwalo e dirilwe ka boomo go ka ganetsanwa - duela mola o o phepafetseng wa kganetsano o o tshegediwang ke bosupi go tswa mo thutong. Supa thuto e e latelang: dipuisano, go bulwa gape ga ANC ka 1990, le tsela e e yang kwa 1994.
- Grade
- Grade 12
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- Civil resistance 1970s-1980s
- Resource type
- Presentation