Umphakathi Wase-Afrika Wasendulo: IGibhithe
Uhambo phezulu emfuleni iNile ukuze sihlangane nofaro, amaphiramidi nombhalo wezithombe womunye wemiphakathi emidala kunayo yonke e-Afrika.
Speaker notes
Buza abafundi ukuthi yini abakade beyazi ngeGibhithe lasendulo - amaphiramidi, ama-mummy, ofaro. Chaza ukuthi iGibhithe lise-Afrika, enyakatho-mpumalanga, nokuthi lena yayingenye yezimpucuko zokuqala emhlabeni, ebuyela emuva eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-5000. 'Impucuko' isho umphakathi omkhulu, ohleliwe onamadolobha, uhulumeni, umbhalo nezinkolelo ezabelwana.
Impucuko yase-Afrika, endulo
IGibhithe lasendulo lakhula enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Afrika eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-5000 eyadlula.
IGibhithe liyizwe elisenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Afrika. Eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eyadlula, enye yezimpucuko ezinkulu zokuqala emhlabeni yakhula lapha. Yahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu ngoba iGibhithe lalinemingcele yemvelo - amahlane, izilwandle namawa - eyakwenza kwaba nzima ezitheni ukuhlasela.
- IGibhithe liyingxenye yezwekazi lase-Afrika, eduze koLwandle Olubomvu (Red Sea) noLwandle iMedithera (Mediterranean Sea).
- Impucuko yakhula futhi yashintsha phakathi neminyaka eyizinkulungwane.
- Sifunda ngayo emanxiweni, emathuneni, emidwebeni nasembhalweni wasendulo.
Speaker notes
Qinisa umqondo obalulekile we-CAPS: iGibhithe lingumphakathi wase-Afrika, aliqhelile e-Afrika. Khombisa ebalazweni ukuthi liselezwekazini lethu. Chaza ukuthi izazi-mlando zifunda ngesikhathi esidlule zisebenzisa ubufakazi - lapha lobo bufakazi yizakhiwo, amathuna, imidwebo ezindongeni nombhalo osele. [SME] Qinisekisa ukuthi amagama endawo/ebalazwe afanele i-athlasi yekilasi lakho.
Umfula iNile
AmaGrikhi asendulo athi 'IGibhithe laliyisipho seNile'.
I-Nile ingumfula omkhulu kunayo yonke e-Afrika. Igeleza isuka eningizimu iye enyakatho bese ithela oLwandle iMedithera. Iningi leGibhithe liyihlane elishisayo nelomile, ngakho cishe wonke umuntu wayehlala eduze komfula.
Njalo ehlobo iNile yayikhukhula (yayigcwala amanzi ivukuze amasimu). Lapho amanzi ehla futhi, ayeshiya emuva inhlabathi ecebile nemnyama ebizwa ngokuthi inhlabathi ye-alluvial. Le nhlabathi yayilungele kahle ukukhulisa izitshalo, ngakho amasimu afanayo ayengalinywa unyaka nonyaka.
- INile yayinika abantu amanzi okuphuza nawokunisela izitshalo zabo.
- Yayingumgwaqo omatasa wezikebhe ezithwala abantu nempahla.
- Isikhukhula sonyaka sasenza inhlabathi ivunde ukuze kulinywe.
Speaker notes
Lena yinhliziyo yesihloko: ijografi yabumba yonke into. Chaza umjikelezo wesikhukhula ngendlela elula - amanzi asibekela amasimu, bese ehla ashiye udaka olusha olwenza izitshalo zikhule kahle. Ngaphandle kweNile, iGibhithe lonke lalizoba yihlane. Buza: kungani cishe wonke umuntu wayehlala eduze komfula?
Ukuphila nokusebenza eduze komfula
Umfula wawunika abantu ukudla, amakhaya nomsebenzi unyaka wonke.
Endulo abantu bokuqala lapha babengabazingeli-baqoqi ababehambahamba befuna ukudla. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bazinza baba abalimi, bakha amakhaya nemizi ngasosebeni lweNile.
- Abalimi bakhulisa ukolweni nebhali ukwenza isinkwa, nemifino yokudla.
- Babefuya izilwane ezinjengezinkomo, izimbuzi namadada.
- Abantu babesebenzisa umhlanga womfula i-papyrus ukwenza izikebhe, amacansi nohlobo lokuqala lwephepha.
- Amakhaya ayakhiwe ngezitini zodaka ezaziyoma ziqine elangeni.
Speaker notes
Yenza impilo yansuku zonke iphile. I-papyrus yigama elixhumanisayo elihle - yayikhula emfuleni futhi yayisetshenziswa ukwenza iphepha lokuqala, okuyilapho igama lethu elithi 'iphepha' livela khona. Izindlu zezitini zodaka zixhumana nalokho abafundi abangase bakwazi ngezinto zokwakha. Gcizelela ukuthi impilo yansuku zonke yayincike kangakanani emfuleni nasezikhukhuleni zawo.
IGibhithe Elingenhla nelingezansi liyahlangana
Izingxenye ezimbili zeGibhithe zahlanganiswa ngaphansi kombusi oyedwa.
Ngenxa yokuthi iNile igeleza isuka eningizimu iye enyakatho, iGibhithe lalihlukaniswe laba yizindawo ezimbili. Ingxenye eseningizimu yayibizwa ngokuthi i-Gibhithe Elingenhla (Upper Egypt) kanti ingxenye esenyakatho, eduze kolwandle, yayibizwa ngokuthi i-Gibhithe Elingezansi (Lower Egypt). Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kuphambene, kodwa 'elingenhla' lisho phezulu emfuleni, eduze nalapho iqala khona.
Endulo lezi zindawo ezimbili zahlanganiswa zaba umbuso owodwa owawubuswa yinkosi eyodwa. Lokhu kwaqalisa uhla olude lwamakhosi aseGibhithe esiwabiza ngokuthi ofaro (pharaohs).
- IGibhithe Elingenhla laliseningizimu, iGibhithe Elingezansi lalisenyakatho.
- Zahlanganiswa zaba yizwe elilodwa ngaphansi kombusi oyedwa.
- Inkosi yayigqoka umqhele okhethekile obukhombisa ukuthi ibusa zombili izindawo.
Speaker notes
Sombulula ukudideka okuvamile: iGibhithe 'Elingenhla' liseningizimu ngoba liphakeme ngasemthonjeni womfula. Sebenzisa inkomba yokugeleza komfula ukukuchaza. Ukuhlangana kwezindawo ezimbili yisikhathi lapho iGibhithe laba khona umbuso owodwa. [SME] Izazi-mlando zibeka lokhu cishe ku-3000 BCE; gcina amagama ethi 'endulo' ngaphandle uma ufuna ukwethula usuku.
Ufaro: inkosi nonkulunkulu
Ufaro wayengumuntu onamandla kunabo bonke kulo lonke iGibhithe.
Inkosi yaseGibhithe yayibizwa ngokuthi u-faro (pharaoh). Leli gama livela emagameni asendulo aseGibhithe athi per-aa, asho 'indlu enkulu'. Ufaro wayengumholi kahulumeni kanye nomholi wenkolo ngasikhathi sinye.
- Abantu babekholelwa ukuthi ufaro wayengunkulunkulu obumbeke umuntu.
- Wayengumnikazi womhlaba futhi eshaya imithetho.
- Wayehola ibutho futhi ephethe ukwakhiwa kwamathempeli namaphiramidi.
- Lapho ufaro efa, indodana yakhe ngokuvamile yayiba ngufaro olandelayo.
Speaker notes
Ufaro wayehlanganisa inkosi, umholi kahulumeni nomholi wenkolo. Lokhu kuhlangana kombusi nonkulunkulu kwanika ufaro amandla amakhulu. 'Indlu enkulu' (per-aa) ekuqaleni yayisho isigodlo sasebukhosini kamuva yasho umbusi ngokwakhe. [SME] Eminye imithombo iphinde ithi amaHeberu asebenzisa igama elithi 'faro'; gcina incazelo ilula eBangeni 5 futhi ubambelele encazelweni ethi 'indlu enkulu'.
Isimo somphakathi waseGibhithe
Umphakathi waseGibhithe wawufana nephiramidi: abantu abambalwa abanamandla phezulu, izisebenzi eziningi phansi.
Ufaro
Phezulu impela, inkosi-nkulunkulu eyayibusa wonke umuntu nakho konke.
Abapristi, ababhali nezikhulu
Abantu abafundile ababephatha amathempeli, begcina amarekhodi futhi besiza ufaro ukubusa.
Abalimi, izingcweti nezisebenzi
Abantu abaningi abavamile ababekhulisa ukudla, benza izimpahla futhi bakha izakhiwo ezinkulu ezikhumbulekayo.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa isimo sephiramidi njengethuluzi lokukhumbula uhlelo lomphakathi - luvumelana nezakhiwo ezidumile ngazo. Ababhali babebalulekile: babekwazi ukufunda nokubhala, ngakho babegcina amarekhodi futhi benemisebenzi ekhethekile. Khombisa ukuthi iningi labantu babengabalimi nezisebenzi ezazisekela ngomsebenzi wazo wonke umuntu ongaphezu kwazo.
Onkulunkulu nempilo yangemva kokufa
AmaGibhithe asendulo ayekholelwa konkulunkulu abaningi nasekuphileni ngemva kokufa.
AmaGibhithe ayekhonza onkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi abaningi, ayekholelwa ukuthi babelawula ilanga, umfula, ukuvuna nezinye izingxenye zempilo. Abapristi abanamandla babenakekela amathempeli nemicimbi yenkolo.
Ayekholelwa ngokuqinile empilweni yangemva kokufa - impilo eqhubekayo ngemva kokufa. Ukuze balungiselele umzimba impilo yangemva kokufa, babewugcina ngokucophelela njenge-mummy (isidumbu esigciniwe). Lokhu kwakubiza, ngakho kwakukwazi kuphela abacebile, ikakhulukazi ofaro.
- AmaGibhithe ayekholelwa ukuthi umzimba udinga ukugcinwa uphephile ukuze uphile ngemva kokufa.
- Imizimba yayenziwa ama-mummy ibekwe emathuneni kanye nokudla nengcebo.
- Inkolo namandla kafaro kwakuxhumene ngokuseduze.
Speaker notes
Phatha ama-mummy ngokulangazelela nangenhlonipho, hhayi njengento eyethusayo - chaza ukuthi kwakuyisenzo senkolo esibucayi sokunakekela abafileyo. Ukukholelwa empilweni yangemva kokufa yisizathu samaphiramidi nengcebo engaphakathi emathuneni, okuxhumana nezingqwembe ezilandelayo. Qaphela ukuthi inkolo yayisekela igunya likafaro.
Amaphiramidi neSphinx
AmaGibhithe akha amathuna amakhulu etshe asamile nanamuhla.
AmaGibhithe akha amaphiramidi amakhulu etshe njengamathuna ofaro namakhosikazi abo. Ngaphakathi kwakunamakamelo okugcina, imihubhe efihliweyo neziphandla. I-mummy kafaro nengcebo yayibekwa ngaphakathi ukuze aphile ngemva kokufa.
Eduze kwamaphiramidi eGiza kumi i-Sphinx, isithombe esikhulu esinomzimba webhubesi nekhanda lenkosi. Sesime njengophawu lweGibhithe iminyaka eyizinkulungwane.
- Amaphiramidi ayakhiwa ngamaqembu amakhulu ezingcweti ezinamakhono nezisebenzi.
- Ingxenye enkulu yokwakha yayenzeka ngesikhathi sezikhukhula, lapho abalimi babengakwazi ukusebenza emasimini.
- Amaphiramidi adume kunawo wonke aseGiza, eduze kweCairo yanamuhla.
Speaker notes
Mangala ngobukhulu - lezi zakhiwa ngezandla, eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eyadlula, futhi zisamile. Chaza ukuthi abalimi abavamile basiza ukuzakha ngesikhathi sesikhukhula, lapho amasimu abo ayengaphansi kwamanzi. I-Sphinx ixhumana namandla kafaro (amandla ebhubesi, ikhanda lenkosi). Gcina isimo somoya sokumangala ngempumelelo yase-Afrika.
Ithuna likaTutankhamen
Ngo-1922 abahloli bathola ithuna eligcwele ingcebo likafaro osemncane.
U-Tutankhamen wayengufaro owaba yinkosi esengumfana futhi wafa esemncane. Iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ithuna lakhe lalilele lifihliwe lingathintwanga. Ngo-1922 latholakala, lisagcwele ingcebo yegolide, isifonyo segolide nezinto zansuku zonke ezazingcwatshwe naye.
- Ithuna lasifundisa okuningi ngendlela ofaro ababengcwatshwa ngayo.
- Laligcwele igolide, ubucwebe, ifenisha nokudla kwempilo yangemva kokufa.
- UTutankhamen manje ungomunye wofaro abadume kunabo bonke emhlabeni.
Speaker notes
Ukutholakala kwango-1922 kwezazi-mivubukulo kuyajabulisa kubafundi - ingcebo yangempela efihliweyo. Kubalulekile kwizazi-mlando ngoba amathuna amaningi asebukhosini aphangwa endulo, kodwa elikaTutankhamen laliphelele cishe, ngakho lingumthombo ocebile wobufakazi ngezinkolelo nezinto zansuku zonke. [SME] Ithuna latholwa yiqembu likaHoward Carter ngo-1922; engeza igama lakhe uma ufuna ukubalula isazi-mivubukulo.
Ama-hieroglyphs: ukubhala ngezithombe
AmaGibhithe asungula uhlobo lokubhala olwalusebenzisa izithombe nezimpawu.
Njengoba ukuhweba kwakhula, amaGibhithe ayedinga ukugcina amarekhodi alokho ayekuthenga nakuthengisa. Athuthukisa uhlobo lombhalo wezithombe olubizwa ngokuthi ama-hieroglyphs, lapho isithombe ngasinye esincane noma uphawu lwalumele umsindo noma umqondo.
- Ama-hieroglyphs ayeqoshwa ezindongeni zamathempeli futhi abhalwe kwi-papyrus.
- Ababhali abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ababizwa ngokuthi ababhali (scribes) bafunda ukuwafunda nokuwabhala.
- Lo mbhalo wasiza amaGibhithe ukurekhoda umlando wawo, imithetho nezindaba.
Speaker notes
Xhuma ukubhala nokuhweba nokugcina amarekhodi - isidingo esibonakalayo saholela ekusungulweni okukhulu. Chaza 'umbhali' njengomuntu owayenomsebenzi okhethekile wokubhala, nokuthi ukufunda nokubhala kwanika ababhali indawo ebalulekile emphakathini. Uma isikhathi sivuma, vumela abafundi basungule uphawu-sithombe lwegama labo.
Izipho ezivela eGibhithe lasendulo
Imibono evela eGibhithe lasendulo yasiza abantu bakamuva emhlabeni wonke.
Izibalo
AmaGibhithe adala uhlelo lwezinombolo lokuqala futhi alusebenzisa ukukala umhlaba nokuhlela izakhiwo zawo.
Ezokwelapha
Odokotela baseGibhithe babelungisa amathambo aphukile, bathunge amanxeba, belaphe izifo ngamakhambi baze basebenze namazinyo.
Ukubhala nephepha
Umbhalo wabo wezithombe 'nephepha' le-papyrus kwakuphakathi kwezindlela zokuqala zokugcina amarekhodi.
Speaker notes
Veza ukuqhubeka nokushintsha: imibono yasendulo isabalulekile nanamuhla. AmaGibhithe akala amasimu futhi aqhamuka nendlela yokwakha amaphiramidi aqondile, alinganayo esebenzisa izibalo. Ulwazi lwawo ngomzimba lwaluvela ngokwengxenye ekulungiseleleni ama-mummy. Gcizelela ukuthi le mpumelelo yavela emphakathini wase-Afrika.
IGibhithe lasendulo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
- Long ago Abazingeli-baqoqi bazinza baba abalimi ngaseNile
- About 5000 years ago IGibhithe Elingenhla nelingezansi lihlanganiswa ngaphansi kukafaro oyedwa
- Age of the pyramids Amaphiramidi amakhulu neSphinx kwakhiwa eGiza
- Long line of pharaohs IGibhithe libuswa ofaro, abapristi nababhali
- 1922 Ithuna likaTutankhamen liyatholakala, ligcwele ingcebo
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa uhlu lwesikhathi ukubukeza sonke isifundo ngokulandelana. Chaza ukuthi izinsuku ze-'BCE' zinzima eBangeni 5, ngakho sisebenzisa 'endulo' nokuthi 'cishe eminyakeni engu-5000 eyadlula'. Cela abafundi baphinde baxoxe indaba yeGibhithe besebenzisa uhlu lwesikhathi njengomhlahlandlela. [SME] Lungisa ubeke izinsuku ezinembile ze-BCE (ukuhlangana cishe ngo-3000 BCE, amaphiramidi eGiza cishe ngo-2500 BCE) uma ikilasi lakho liwasebenzisa.
Esikufundile
IGibhithe lasendulo laliyimpucuko enkulu yase-Afrika eyabunjwa yiNile, eyayibuswa ofaro futhi ekhunjulwa ngamaphiramidi ayo nombhalo wezithombe.
Umfula iNile wanika amaGibhithe amanzi, ukudla nendlela yokuhamba. U-faro wayebusa njengenkosi nonkulunkulu, esizwa abapristi nababhali. AmaGibhithe ayekholelwa konkulunkulu abaningi nasekuphileni ngemva kokufa, futhi akha amaphiramidi njengamathuna. Asungula umbhalo wama-hieroglyph futhi enza ukutholakala kwezinto ezintsha ezibalweni nasezokwelapha okusabalulekile nanamuhla.
Q. Chaza izindlela ezimbili umfula iNile owawubaluleke ngazo kumaGibhithe asendulo. (4 marks)
Q. Wayengubani ufaro, futhi kungani wayenamandla kangaka? (3 marks)
Q. Bala into eyodwa amaGibhithe asendulo awakha noma awasungula, uphinde usho ukuthi kungani yayibalulekile. (3 marks)
Speaker notes
Phetha ngokuxhuma yonke imicu ibuyele eNile - ijografi yenza impucuko yakwazi ukuba khona. Sebenzisa imibuzo emithathu emsebenzini obhaliwe noma engxoxweni yekilasi; ukwabiwa kwamamaki kulandela isitayela seSigaba Esiphakathi se-CAPS. Khumbuza abafundi ukuthi lena yayiyimpucuko yase-Afrika, uxhuma isihloko nesifundo somlando wase-Afrika.
- Grade
- Grade 5
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- An ancient African society: Egypt
- Resource type
- Presentation