Umphakathi Wekadeni we-Afrika: i-Egypt
Ikhambo eliya phezulu ngomLambo iNile ukuyokuhlangana namafaro, amaphiramidi nokutlola ngeenthombe kwenye yeempucuko ezindala kwazo ze-Afrika.
Speaker notes
Buza abafundi bona yini abasele bayazi nge-Egypt yekadeni - amaphiramidi, iimamiya, amafaro. Hlathulula bona i-Egypt ise-Afrika, epumalanga yetlhagwini, nokobana bekungenye yeempucuko zokuthoma ephasini, esele iyaphindela emva iminyaka engaphezu kwe-5000. 'Impucuko' itjho umphakathi omkhulu ohleliweko onamadorobho, umbuso, ukutlola nekholo elabelwanako.
Impucuko ye-Afrika, kade khulu
I-Egypt yekadeni yakhula epumalanga yetlhagwini ye-Afrika iminyaka engaphezu kwe-5000 eyadlulako.
I-Egypt yinarha ese-epumalanga yetlhagwini ye-Afrika. Eminyakeni eziinkulungwana eyadlulako, enye yeempucuko zokuthoma ezikhulu ephasini yakhula lapha. Yahlala isikhathi eside khulu ngombana i-Egypt beyinemikhawulo yemvelo - amarhalagwana, iimlwandle namawa - eyenza kwaba budisi bona amanaba angene.
- I-Egypt iyingcenye yekhontinenti ye-Afrika, eduze neLwandle eliBomvu neLwandle iMediterranean.
- Impucuko yakhula yatjhuguluka eminyakeni eziinkulungwana.
- Sifunda ngayo ngamathafa amdala, amathuna, iimfanekiso nokutlola kwekadeni.
Speaker notes
Qinisa umqondo oqakathekileko we-CAPS: i-Egypt mumphakathi we-Afrika, akuhlukaniswe ne-Afrika. Tjengisa ebalazweni bona ise-khontinenti yethu. Hlathulula bona abalandi bomlando bafunda ngesikhathi esidlulileko basebenzisa ubufakazi - lapha ubufakazi kumakhiwo, amathuna, iimfanekiso ephasini nokutlola okwatjhiywako. [SME] Qinisekisa bona amagama webalazwe/indawo ahambisana ne-atlasi yekilasi lakho.
UmLambo iNile
AmaGirigi wekadeni athi 'i-Egypt beyisipho seNile'.
I-Nile ngumlambo omkhulu khulu e-Afrika. Ukhamba usuka etlhagwini uye epumalanga bewuthulula eLwandle iMediterranean. Ingcenye enengi ye-Egypt ihlwabusa, iyirhalagwana elomileko, ngalokho pheze woke umuntu bekahlala eduze komlambo.
Ehlobo ngalinye umLambo iNile bewu-khukhula. Nekwehla amanzi godu, bewutjhiya umhlabathi ocebileko, onzima obizwa nge-alluvial soil (umhlabathi wesidumbu). Umhlabathi lo bewulungele khulu ukutjala izilimo, ngalokho amasimu afanako bekalinywa umnyaka nomnyaka.
- UmLambo iNile bewunikela abantu amanzi wokusela newokuthelela izilimo.
- Bewumgwaqo ophithizelako weemkhumbi ethwala abantu neempahla.
- Ukukhukhula kwaqobe umnyaka bewenza umhlabathi ucebe wokulima.
Speaker notes
Lokhu kuyihliziyo yesihloko: ijografi yabumba yoke into. Hlathulula umjikelezo wokukhukhula ngokulula - amanzi embesa amasimu, bese ayehla atjhiye udaka elitjha elenza izitjalo zikhule kuhle. Ngaphandle kweNile, i-Egypt beyizoba yirhalagwana kwaphela. Buza: kubayini pheze woke umuntu bekahlala eduze komlambo?
Ukuphila nokusebenza eduze komlambo
Umlambo bewunikela abantu ukudla, amakhaya nomsebenzi umnyaka woke.
Kade khulu abantu bokuthoma lapha bebamazingeli nabaqoqi ababekhamba bafuna ukudla. Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi bahlala ngokuzinza baba balimi, bakha amakhaya neemizi emahlangothini womLambo iNile.
- Abalimi batjala ikoroyi ne-bhali bona benze isinkwa, nemirorho yokudla.
- Bebafuya iinlwana ezinjengeenkomo, iimbuzi namadada.
- Abantu basebenzisa umhlanga womlambo obizwa nge-papyrus ukwenza iimkhumbi, amamethe nehlobo lekadeni lephepha.
- Amakhaya bekakhiwa ngeezitina zodaka ezoma zomile elangeni.
Speaker notes
Yenza ipilo yaqobe langa iphile. I-papyrus ligama elihle lokuhlanganisa - bekukhula emlanjeni belisetjenziswa ukwenza iphepha lekadeni, lapha kuvela khona igama lethu elithi 'iphepha'. Izindlu zodaka zihlanganisa nalokho abafundi abangakwaziko ngeenthako zokwakha. Gandelela bona ipilo yaqobe langa beyithembele kangangani emlanjeni nasekukhukhuleni kwawo.
I-Egypt engaPhezulu neengaPhasi zihlangana ndawonye
Iingcenye ezimbili ze-Egypt zahlanganiswa ngaphasi kombusi munye.
Ngombana umLambo iNile ukhamba usuka etlhagwini uye epumalanga, i-Egypt beyihlukaniswe yaba mahlangothi amabili. Ingcenye yetlhagwini beyibizwa nge-Egypt engaPhezulu, ingcenye yepumalanga, eduze nelwandle, beyibizwa nge-Egypt engaPhasi. Lokhu kungezwakala kungaphetjhukilanga, kodwana 'engaphezulu' itjho ephezulu emlanjeni, eduze nalapho uthoma khona.
Kade khulu iingcenyezi ezimbili zahlanganiswa zaba mbuso munye obuswa likhosi linye. Lokhu kwathoma umugca omude wamakhosi we-Egypt esiwabiza ngokuthi ma-faro.
- I-Egypt engaPhezulu beyisetlhagwini, i-Egypt engaPhasi ipumalanga.
- Zahlanganiswa zaba narha yinye ngaphasi kombusi munye.
- Ikosi beyithwala umqhele okhethekileko otjengisa bona ibusa amazwe womabili.
Speaker notes
Cacisa udungeko olujwayelekileko: i-Egypt 'engaPhezulu' isetlhagwini ngombana iphezulu emkhambweni womlambo. Sebenzisa ikhambo lomlambo ukuhlathulula lokhu. Ukuhlangana kwamazwe womabili sisikhathi lapho i-Egypt yaba mbuso munye khona. [SME] Abalandi bomlando babeka lokhu eduze no-3000 BCE; yigcine njengoku-'kade khulu' ngaphandle kokobana ufuna ukwazisa idatha.
Ifaro: ikosi nozimu
Ifaro bekamuntu onamandla khulu kilo loke i-Egypt.
Ikosi ye-Egypt beyibizwa nge-faro. Igama livela emabizweni wekadeni we-Egypt athi per-aa, atjho 'indlu ekulu'. Ifaro bekamrholi wombuso nomrholi wekholo ngasikhathi sinye.
- Abantu bebakholelwa bona ifaro linguzimu osesimeni somuntu.
- Bekanenarha benza imithetho.
- Bekarholela ibutho begodu bekaphethe ukwakhiwa kwamathempeli namaphiramidi.
- Nekufa ifaro, indodana yalo bekivamise ukuba lifaro elilandelako.
Speaker notes
Ifaro belihlanganisa ikosi, umrholi wombuso nomrholi wekholo. Ukuhlanganiswa kombusi nozimu kwanikela ifaro amandla amakhulu. 'Indlu ekulu' (per-aa) yathoma yatjho isigodlo sekosi, ngokukhamba kwesikhathi yatjho umbusi ngokwakhe. [SME] Eminye imithombo ithi namaHebheru bewasebenzisa igama elithi 'faro'; gcina ihlathululo ilula ku-Ibanga 5 unamathele encazelweni ethi 'indlu ekulu'.
Isimo somphakathi we-Egypt
Umphakathi we-Egypt bewunjengephiramidi: abantu abambalwa abanamandla phezulu, iinsebenzi ezinengi ngaphasi.
Ifaro
Phezulu khulu, ikosi enguzimu ebusa woke umuntu nayo yoke into.
Abaphristi, abatloli neensebenzi zombuso
Abantu abafundileko ababephethe amathempeli, bagcina amarekhodi bebasize ifaro ukubusa.
Abalimi, iingcweti neensebenzi
Abantu abanengi abajwayelekileko abebatjala ukudla, benze iimpahla bebakha amakhiwo amakhulu.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa isimo sephiramidi njengethulusi lokukhumbula ihlelo lomphakathi - lihambisana namakhiwo abawaziwa ngawo. Abatloli bebaqakathekile: bebakwazi ukufunda nokutlola, ngalokho begcina amarekhodi bebanemisebenzi ekhethekileko. Tjheja bona abantu abanengi bebabalimi neensebenzi ebumsebenzi bazo babusekela woke umuntu ophezulu kwabo.
Abozimu nepilo ngemva kokufa
Ama-Egyptian wekadeni bekakholelwa kubozimu abanengi nasepilweni ngemva kokufa.
Ama-Egyptian bekakhulekela abozimu abanengi abaduna nabasikazi, ebebakholelwa bona balawula ilanga, umlambo, ukuvuna nezinye iingcenye zepilo. Abaphristi abanamandla bebatlhogomela amathempeli neminyanya yekholo.
Bebakholelwa khulu epilweni engemva kokufa - ipilo eragela phambili ngemva kokufa. Ukulungiselela umzimba wepilo yangemva kokufa, bebawugcina ngokutjhejisisa njenge-mamiya. Lokhu bekudura, ngalokho kwaphela abanjingileko, khulukhulu amafaro, ebebangakghona ukukubhadela.
- Ama-Egyptian bekakholelwa bona umzimba kufuze ugcinwe uphephile wepilo yangemva kokufa.
- Imizimba yenziwa iimamiya beyibekwe emathuneni nokudla neenceba.
- Ikholo namandla wefaro bekuhlangene tswe.
Speaker notes
Phatha iimamiya ngesifiso sokwazi nangehlonipho, ingasi njengento ethusako - hlathulula bona bekumkhuba wekholo oqakathekileko wokutlhogomela abahlongakeleko. Ikholo lepilo yangemva kokufa lisibangela samaphiramidi neenceba ngaphakathi kwamathuna, okuhlanganisa neenslayidi ezilandelako. Tjheja bona ikholo lasekela igunya lefaro.
Amaphiramidi ne-Sphinx
Ama-Egyptian akha amathuna amakhulu wamatje asesajame khona namhlanjesi.
Ama-Egyptian akha amaphiramidi amatje amakhulu njengamathuna wamafaro nawohlomndlunkulu bawo. Ngaphakathi bekunamakamura wokugcina, iindlela ezifihliweko namabuwa. Imamiya yefaro nobunjinga bebubekwa ngaphakathi bewepilo yangemva kokufa.
Eduze namaphiramidi eGiza kujame i-Sphinx, umfanekiso omkhulu onomzimba webhubezi nehloko yekosi. Ijame njengophawu lwe-Egypt iminyaka eziinkulungwana.
- Amaphiramidi akhiwa mathimu amakhulu weengcweti neensebenzi ezinamakghono.
- Ingcenye enengi yokwakha yenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhukhula, lapha abalimi bebangakghoni ukusebenza emasimini.
- Amaphiramidi adumileko khulu ase-Giza, eduze neKairo yanamhlanjesi.
Speaker notes
Mangaliswa bubukhulu bawo - la akhiwa ngezandla, iminyaka eziinkulungwana eyadlulako, asesajame. Hlathulula bona abalimi abajwayelekileko basiza ukuwakha ngesikhathi sokukhukhula, lapha amasimu wabo bewangaphasi kwamanzi. I-Sphinx ihlanganisa emandleni wefaro (amandla webhubezi, ihloko yekosi). Gcina umoya oyisimangaliso wempumelelo ye-Afrika.
Ithuna lakaTutankhamen
Ngo-1922 abahloli bathola ithuna elizele iinceba lefaro elisesemncani.
UTutankhamen bekalifaro elaba yikosi lisesemsana bese lahlongakala lisesemncani. Iminyaka eziinkulungwana ithuna lalo balifihliwe abangakalithinti. Ngo-1922 lafunyanwa, lisazele iinceba zegolide, imaske yegolide neento zaqobe langa ezambelwa nalo.
- Ithuna lisifundise okunengi ngendlela amafaro abengcwatjwa ngayo.
- Belizele igolide, imikghwelo, ifenitjhara nokudla kwepilo yangemva kokufa.
- UTutankhamen nje ngelinye lamafaro adumileko khulu ephasini.
Speaker notes
Ukufunyanwa kwango-1922 ngabavubukuli kuyakuthabisa ebafundini - ubunjinga bamambala obufihliweko. Kuqakathekile kubalandi bomlando ngombana amathuna wamakhosi amanengi wantjhontjhwa kade khulu, kodwana ithuna lakaTutankhamen belipheze lipheleleke, ngalokho lingumthombo ocebileko wobufakazi ngamakholo nangeento zaqobe langa. [SME] Ithuna lafunyanwa lithimu lakaHoward Carter ngo-1922; ngezelela ibizo lakhe nawufuna ukukhomba umvubukuli.
Ama-hieroglyphs: ukutlola ngeenthombe
Ama-Egyptian asungula ihlobo lokutlola elisebenzisa iinthombe neemphawu.
Njengombana ikuthengiselana bekukhula, ama-Egyptian atlhoga ukugcina amarekhodi walokho abakuthengako nabakuthengisako. Athuthukisa ihlobo lokutlola ngeenthombe elibizwa nge-hieroglyphs, lapho umfanekiso namtjhana uphawu ngalunye lujamele umsindo namtjhana umqondo.
- Ama-hieroglyphs bekabazwa emabodeni wamathempeli begodu atlolwa ku-papyrus.
- Abatloli abaqeqetjhwe ngokukhethekileko ababizwa ngokuthi scribes (abatloli) bafunda ukuwafunda nokuwatlola.
- Ukutlola lokhu kwasiza ama-Egyptian ukurekhoda umlando wawo, imithetho neendaba.
Speaker notes
Hlanganisa ukutlola nokuthengiselana nokugcina amarekhodi - itlhogeko esebenzako yaholela esungulweni elikhulu. Hlathulula bona 'umtloli' (scribe) mumuntu omsebenzi wakhe okhethekileko bekukutlola, nokobana ukufunda nokutlola kwanikela abatloli indawo eqakathekileko emphakathini. Nangabe kunesikhathi, vumela abafundi basungule uphawu-mfanekiso wamabizo wabo.
Izipho ezivela e-Egypt yekadeni
Imibono evela e-Egypt yekadeni yasiza abantu abalandelako ephasini loke.
Izibalo
Ama-Egyptian adala ihlelo lekadeni lenani (izinombolo) balisebenzisa ukulinganisa ihlabathi nokuhlela amakhiwo wawo.
Ubudokotela
Abodokotela be-Egypt babeka amathambo aphukileko, bathunga amanceba, belapha imikhuhlano ngamakhambi ngitjho basebenza namazinyo.
Ukutlola nephepha
Ukutlola kwabo ngeenthombe nephepha le-papyrus bekungezinye zeendlela zokuthoma zokugcina amarekhodi.
Speaker notes
Veza ukuragela phambili notjhuguluko: imibono yekade khulu isaqakathekile namhlanjesi. Ama-Egyptian alinganisa amasimu bewabala indlela yokwakha amaphiramidi aqondileko, alinganako asebenzisa izibalo. Ilwazi lawo lomzimba lavela ngengcenye ekulungiseleleni iimamiya. Gandelela bona iimpumelelezi zavela emphakathini we-Afrika.
I-Egypt yekadeni ngokukhamba kwesikhathi
- Long ago Abazingeli nabaqoqi bahlala ngokuzinza baba balimi emahlangothini womLambo iNile
- About 5000 years ago I-Egypt engaPhezulu neengaPhasi zihlanganiswa ngaphasi kwefaro linye
- Age of the pyramids Amaphiramidi amakhulu ne-Sphinx kwakhiwa eGiza
- Long line of pharaohs I-Egypt ibuswa mafaro, abaphristi nabatloli
- 1922 Ithuna lakaTutankhamen liyafunyanwa, lizele iinceba
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa umugca wesikhathi ukubuyekeza sonke isifundo ngokulandelana. Hlathulula bona amadatha we-'BCE' abudisi ku-Ibanga 5, ngalokho sisebenzisa u-'kade khulu' no-'eduze neminyaka eyi-5000 eyadlulako'. Buza abafundi bona baphinde balandise indaba ye-Egypt basebenzisa umugca wesikhathi njengekhombandlela. [SME] Lungisa ube namadatha we-BCE aqinisekileko (ukuhlangana c.3000 BCE, amaphiramidi weGiza c.2500 BCE) nangabe ikilasi lakho liwasebenzisa.
Lokho esikufundileko
I-Egypt yekadeni beyimpucuko ekulu ye-Afrika eyabunjwa mLambo iNile, ebuswa mafaro nekhunjulwa ngamaphiramidi nokutlola kwayo ngeenthombe.
UmLambo iNile wanikela ama-Egyptian amanzi, ukudla nendlela yokukhamba. Ifaro belibusa njengekosi nozimu, lisizwa baphristi nabatloli. Ama-Egyptian bekakholelwa kubozimu abanengi nasepilweni engemva kokufa, begodu akha amaphiramidi njengamathuna. Asungula ukutlola nge-hieroglyphs benza iimfumbulwa ezibalweni nasebudokoteleni ezisaqakathekile namhlanjesi.
Q. Hlathulula iindlela ezimbili umLambo iNile obewuqakathekile ngazo ku-ama-Egyptian wekadeni. (4 marks)
Q. Bekungubani ifaro, begodu kubayini belinamandla kangaka? (3 marks)
Q. Khuluma into yinye ama-Egyptian wekadeni ayakhako namtjhana ayisungulako, uthi kubayini beyiqakathekile. (3 marks)
Speaker notes
Phetha ngokuhlanganisa yoke imicu ibuyele emLanjeni iNile - ijografi yenza impucuko yakghonakala. Sebenzisa imibuzo emithathu emsebenzini otloliweko namtjhana engxoxweni yekilasi; ukwabiwa kwamamaki kulandela isitayela se-CAPS Isigaba Esiphakathi. Khumbuza abafundi bona lo bekumphakathi we-Afrika, uhlanganisa isihloko nokufunda komlando we-Afrika.
- Grade
- Grade 5
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- An ancient African society: Egypt
- Resource type
- Presentation