Uluntu lwaseAfrika lwaMandulo: iGibhithe
Uhambo olunyuka umlambo iNayile ukuze sidibane noofaro (pharaohs), iipiramidi, kunye nombhalo wemifanekiso wenye yeempucuko zakudala kunene zaseAfrika.
Speaker notes
Buza abafundi into abasele beyazi ngeGibhithe yamandulo - iipiramidi, oomami (imizimba egciniweyo), oofaro. Chaza ukuba iGibhithe ikwilizwekazi laseAfrika, kumantla-mpuma, nokuba yayiyenye yeempucuko zokuqala kunene zehlabathi, ibuya ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-5000 eyadlulayo. 'Impucuko' ithetha uluntu olukhulu, oluhleliweyo, olunezixeko, urhulumente, umbhalo neenkolelo ezabelwana ngazo.
Impucuko yaseAfrika, kudala
IGibhithe yamandulo yakhula kumantla-mpuma eAfrika ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-5000 eyadlulayo.
IGibhithe lilizwe elikumantla-mpuma eAfrika. Kwiminyaka engamawaka eyadlulayo, enye yeempucuko zokuqala ezinkulu zehlabathi yakhula apha. Yahlala ixesha elide kakhulu kuba iGibhithe yayinemida yendalo - iintlango, iilwandle, namawa - eyayenza kube nzima ukuba iintshaba zihlasele.
- IGibhithe iyinxalenye yelizwekazi laseAfrika, ecaleni koLwandle oluBomvu (Red Sea) noLwandle iMedithera (Mediterranean Sea).
- Impucuko yakhula yaza yatshintsha kangangamawaka eminyaka.
- Sifunda ngayo ngokusebenzisa amabhodlo, amangcwaba, imizobo kunye nombhalo wamandulo.
Speaker notes
Qinisa umbono ophambili weCAPS: iGibhithe luluntu lwaseAfrika, ayikho ngaphandle kweAfrika. Bonisa emephini ukuba ikwilizwekazi lethu. Chaza ukuba ababhali-mbali bafunda ngexesha elidlulileyo besebenzisa ubungqina - apha obo bungqina zizakhiwo, amangcwaba, imizobo eludongeni kunye nombhalo oshiywe ngasemva. [SME] Qinisekisa ukuba amagama emephu/endawo ahambelana ne-athlasi yeklasi yakho.
Umlambo iNayile
AmaGrike amandulo athi 'iGibhithe yayisisipho seNayile'.
INayile ngoyena mlambo mkhulu eAfrika. Iqukuqela ukusuka emazantsi ukuya emantla ize iyokuthulula koLwandle iMedithera. Uninzi lweGibhithe yintlango eshushu, eyomileyo, ngoko phantse wonke umntu wayehlala kufuphi nomlambo.
Rhoqo ehlotyeni iNayile yayikhukula. Xa amanzi ehla kwakhona, ayeshiya ngasemva umhlaba otyebileyo, omnyama obizwa ngokuba ngumhlaba wodaka (alluvial soil). Lo mhlaba wawulungele kanye ukulima izityalo, ngoko amasimi anye ayekwazi ukulinywa unyaka nonyaka.
- INayile yayinika abantu amanzi okusela nawokunkcenkceshela izityalo zabo.
- Yayiyindlela exakekileyo yezikhephe ezazithwala abantu neempahla.
- Izikhukula zonyaka nonyaka zazenza umhlaba uchume ukuze kulinywe.
Speaker notes
Lo ngumongo wesihloko: ijografi yayibumba yonke into. Chaza umjikelo wesikhukula ngokulula - amanzi agubungela amasimi, aze ahle ashiye udaka olutsha olwenza izityalo zikhule kakuhle. Ngaphandle kweNayile, iGibhithe yayiya kuba yintlango yonke. Buza: kutheni phantse wonke umntu wayehlala kufuphi nomlambo?
Ukuhlala nokusebenza ecaleni komlambo
Umlambo wawunika abantu ukutya, amakhaya, nomsebenzi unyaka wonke.
Kudala abantu bokuqala apha babengabazingeli-baqokeleli ababehambahamba befuna ukutya. Ngokuhamba kwexesha bazinza baza baba ngamafama, besakha amakhaya neelali ngasemabaleni eNayile.
- Amafama ayelima ingqolowa nerhasi (barley) ukwenza isonka, kunye nemifuno yokutya.
- Ayefuya izilwanyana ezinjengeenkomo, iibhokhwe, namadada.
- Abantu babesebenzisa ingcongolo yomlambo ipapirus (papyrus) ukwenza izikhephe, iikhuko, nohlobo lwokuqala lwephepha.
- Amakhaya ayesakhiwa ngezitena zodaka ezaziqina xa zomiswa lilanga.
Speaker notes
Yenze ubomi bemihla ngemihla buphile. Ipapirus ligama elihle lokudibanisa - yayikhula emlanjeni yaye yayisetyenziswa ukwenza iphepha lokuqala, apho igama lethu elithi 'iphepha' livela khona. Izindlu zezitena zodaka ziyanxulumana noko abafundi basenokukwazi ngezinto zokwakha. Gxininisa indlela ubomi bemihla ngemihla obabuxhomekeke ngayo emlanjeni nakwizikhukula zawo.
IGibhithe engaPhezulu neyaseZantsi zidibana
Iindawo ezimbini zeGibhithe zadityaniswa phantsi komlawuli omnye.
Ngenxa yokuba iNayile iqukuqela ukusuka emazantsi ukuya emantla, iGibhithe yayahlulwe yaba ngamazwe amabini. Icala elisemazantsi lalibizwa ngokuba yiGibhithe engaPhezulu (Upper Egypt) ize icala elisemantla, kufuphi nolwandle, libizwe ngokuba yiGibhithe engeZantsi (Lower Egypt). Oku kusenokuvakala kubhukuqekile, kodwa 'engaphezulu' kuthetha ukuba ngasentla emlanjeni, kufuphi nalapho uqala khona.
Kudala la mazwe mabini adityaniswa aba bubukumkani obunye obabulawulwa ngukumkani omnye. Oku kwaqalisa uthotho olude lookumkani baseGibhithe esibabiza ngokuba ngoofaro (pharaohs).
- IGibhithe engaPhezulu yayisemazantsi, iGibhithe engeZantsi yayisemantla.
- Zadityaniswa zaba lilizwe elinye phantsi komlawuli omnye.
- Ukumkani wayenxiba isithsaba esikhethekileyo esasibonisa ukuba wayelawula omabini la mazwe.
Speaker notes
Cacisa ukubhideka okuqhelekileyo: iGibhithe 'engaPhezulu' isemazantsi kuba ingasentla ekuhambeni komlambo. Sebenzisa icala apho umlambo uqukuqela ngakhona ukuchaza oku. Ukudityaniswa kwala mazwe mabini ngumzuzu iGibhithe eyaba bubukumkani obunye ngawo. [SME] Ababhali-mbali babeka lo mhla malunga no-3000 BCE; gcina amagama esithi 'kudala' ngaphandle kokuba ufuna ukwazisa umhla.
Ufaro: ukumkani nothixo
Ufaro wayengoyena mntu unamandla kuyo yonke iGibhithe.
Ukumkani waseGibhithe wayebizwa ngokuba ngufaro (pharaoh). Eli gama livela kumagama amandulo aseGibhithe athi per-aa, athetha 'indlu enkulu'. Ufaro wayeyinkokeli karhulumente aze abe yinkokeli yenkolo ngexesha elinye.
- Abantu babekholelwa ukuba ufaro wayenguthixo osimo somntu.
- Wayengumnini womhlaba yaye wayesenza imithetho.
- Wayekhokela umkhosi yaye wayephethe ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zonqulo (iitempile) neepiramidi.
- Xa ufaro esifa, unyana wakhe wayedla ngokuba ngufaro olandelayo.
Speaker notes
Ufaro wayedibanisa ukumkani, inkokeli karhulumente, kunye nenkokeli yenkolo. Oku kudityaniswa komlawuli nothixo kwamnika ufaro amandla amakhulu. 'Indlu enkulu' (per-aa) ekuqaleni yayithetha ibhotwe lasebukhosini kamva yathetha umlawuli ngokwakhe. [SME] Eminye imithombo ithi namaHebhere ayelisebenzisa igama elithi 'faro'; gcina inkcazo ilula kwiBanga lesi-5 ubambelele kwintsingiselo ethi 'indlu enkulu'.
Isimo soluntu lwaseGibhithe
Uluntu lwaseGibhithe lwalunjengepiramidi: abantu abambalwa abanamandla phezulu, abasebenzi abaninzi ezantsi.
Ufaro
Phezulu kunene, ukumkani-thixo owayelawula wonke umntu nayo yonke into.
Ababingeleli, ababhali-mbhalo, namagosa
Abantu abafundileyo ababephethe izindlu zonqulo, begcina iirekhodi yaye bencedisa ufaro ekulawuleni.
Amafama, iingcibi, nabasebenzi
Abantu abaninzi abaqhelekileyo ababelima ukutya, besenza iimpahla yaye besakha izakhiwo ezinkulu ezikhumbulekayo.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa isimo sepiramidi njengesixhobo sokukhumbula ulandelelwano loluntu - sihambelana nezakhiwo abadume ngazo. Ababhali-mbhalo babebalulekile: babekwazi ukufunda nokubhala, ngoko babegcina iirekhodi yaye benemisebenzi ekhethekileyo. Bonisa ukuba uninzi lwabantu babengamafama nabasebenzi omsebenzi wabo wawuxhasa wonke umntu ongaphezulu kwabo.
Oothixo nobomi emva kokufa
AmaGibhithe amandulo ayekholelwa koothixo abaninzi nakubomi emva kokufa.
AmaGibhithe ayenqula oothixo noothixokazi abaninzi, awayekholelwa ukuba balawula ilanga, umlambo, isivuno, nezinye iinxalenye zobomi. Ababingeleli abanamandla babenyamekela izindlu zonqulo namasiko onqulo.
Babekholelwa ngamandla kubomi emva kokufa - ubomi obuqhubekayo emva kokusweleka. Ukulungiselela umzimba ubomi emva kokufa, babewugcina ngononophelo njengemami (mummy). Oku kwakubiza kakhulu, ngoko zizityebi kuphela, ngokukodwa oofaro, ababekwazi ukukuphumeza.
- AmaGibhithe ayekholelwa ukuba umzimba kwakufuneka ugcinwe ukhuselekile kubomi emva kokufa.
- Imizimba yayenziwa oomami ize ibekwe emangcwabeni kunye nokutya nobuncwane.
- Unqulo namandla kafaro zazinxulumene ngokusondeleyo.
Speaker notes
Phatha oomami ngomdla nangentlonelo, hayi njengento eyoyikekayo - chaza ukuba yayilisiko lonqulo elizimiseleyo lokunyamekela abafileyo. Inkolelo yobomi emva kokufa sisizathu seepiramidi nobuncwane obungaphakathi emangcwabeni, nto leyo enxulumana neeslayidi ezilandelayo. Qaphela ukuba unqulo lwaluxhasa igunya likafaro.
Iipiramidi neSphinx
AmaGibhithe akha amangcwaba amakhulu amatye asamiyo nanamhlanje.
AmaGibhithe akha iipiramidi ezinkulu zamatye njengamangcwaba oofaro nabakumkanikazi babo. Ngaphakathi kwakukho amagumbi okugcina, iindlela ezifihlakeleyo, neenkundla. Imami kafaro nobutyebi bakhe kwakubekwa ngaphakathi ukuze abe nobomi emva kokufa.
Kufuphi neepiramidi eGiza kumi iSphinx, umfanekiso oqingqiweyo omkhulu onomzimba wengonyama nentloko yokumkani. Ime njengomqondiso weGibhithe kangangamawaka eminyaka.
- Iipiramidi zazakhiwa ngamaqela amakhulu eengcibi ezinobuchule nabasebenzi.
- Uninzi lokwakha lwalusenzeka ngexesha lezikhukula, xa amafama ayengakwazi ukusebenza emasimini.
- Iipiramidi ezidume kunene zikwaGiza, kufuphi neCairo yanamhlanje.
Speaker notes
Mangaliswa bubukhulu bazo - zazakhiwa ngezandla, kwiminyaka engamawaka eyadlulayo, yaye zisemi. Chaza ukuba amafama aqhelekileyo ancedisa ukuzakha ngexesha lesikhukula, xa amasimi awo ayephantsi kwamanzi. ISphinx inxulumana namandla kafaro (amandla engonyama, intloko yokumkani). Gcina isandi somoya wokumangaliswa kwimpumelelo yaseAfrika.
Ingcwaba likaTutankhamen
Ngo-1922 abahloli bafumana ingcwaba elizele bubuncwane likafaro oselula.
UTutankhamen wayengufaro owaba ngukumkani eseyinkwenkwe waza wasweleka eselula. Kangangamawaka eminyaka ingcwaba lakhe lalilele lifihlakele lingachukunyiswanga. Ngo-1922 lafunyanwa, lisezele bubuncwane begolide, imaski yegolide, nezinto zemihla ngemihla ezazingcwatywe naye.
- Ingcwaba lisifundise okuninzi ngendlela oofaro ababengcwatywa ngayo.
- Lalizele igolide, ubucwebe, ifenitshala, nokutya kobomi emva kokufa.
- UTutankhamen ngoku ngomnye woofaro abadume kunene ehlabathini.
Speaker notes
Ufumaniso luka-1922 lweengcali zezinto zakudala (ii-archaeologists) luyabachulumancisa abafundi - ubuncwane obufihlakele benyani. Lubalulekile kubabhali-mbali kuba amaninzi amangcwaba asebukhosini abiwa kudala, kodwa elikaTutankhamen laliphantse liphelele, ngoko ngumthombo otyebileyo wobungqina ngeenkolelo nezinto zemihla ngemihla. [SME] Ingcwaba lafunyanwa liqela likaHoward Carter ngo-1922; yongeza igama lakhe ukuba ufuna ukubiza igama lengcali yezinto zakudala.
Ii-hieroglyph: ukubhala ngemifanekiso
AmaGibhithe asungula uhlobo lombhalo olwalusebenzisa imifanekiso nemiqondiso.
Njengoko urhwebo lwakhula, amaGibhithe ayefuna ukugcina iirekhodi zezinto awayezithenga nawayezithengisa. Aphuhlisa uhlobo lombhalo wemifanekiso olubizwa ngokuba zii-hieroglyph, apho umfanekiso omncinci ngamnye okanye umqondiso wawumele isandi okanye ingcamango.
- Ii-hieroglyph zaziqingqwa ezindongeni zezindlu zonqulo zize zibhalwe kwipapirus.
- Ababhali abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekileyo ababizwa ngokuba ngababhali-mbhalo (scribes) bafunda ukuzifunda nokuzibhala.
- Lo mbhalo wanceda amaGibhithe abhale phantsi imbali yawo, imithetho, namabali.
Speaker notes
Nxulumanisa umbhalo norhwebo nokugcinwa kweerekhodi - imfuneko esebenzayo yakhokelela kufumaniso olukhulu. Chaza 'umbhali-mbhalo' njengomntu omsebenzi wakhe okhethekileyo yayikukubhala, nokuba ukufunda nokubhala kwanika ababhali-mbhalo indawo ebalulekileyo eluntwini. Ukuba ixesha livuma, vumela abafundi baqambe umqondiso-mfanekiso wamagama abo.
Izipho ezivela kwiGibhithe yamandulo
Iingcamango ezivela kwiGibhithe yamandulo zanceda abantu bakamva kwihlabathi liphela.
Izibalo (iMathematika)
AmaGibhithe adala inkqubo yamanani yakuqala yaza ayisebenzisa ukulinganisa umhlaba nokucwangcisa izakhiwo zawo.
Amayeza
Oogqirha baseGibhithe babebeka amathambo ophukileyo endaweni, bethunga amanxeba, benyanga izifo ngamayeza ezityalo, kwanokusebenza namazinyo.
Umbhalo nephepha
Umbhalo wabo wemifanekiso 'nephepha' lepapirus zaziphakathi kweendlela zakuqala zokugcina iirekhodi.
Speaker notes
Bonisa ukuqhubeka notshintsho: iingcamango zakudala zisabalulekile nanamhlanje. AmaGibhithe ayelinganisa amasimi aza afumanisa indlela yokwakha iipiramidi ezithe tye, zilingana, esebenzisa izibalo. Ulwazi lwawo ngomzimba lwavela ngokuyinxenye ekulungiseleleni oomami. Gxininisa ukuba le mpumelelo yavela kuluntu lwaseAfrika.
IGibhithe yamandulo ngokuhamba kwexesha
- Long ago Abazingeli-baqokeleli bazinza baba ngamafama ngasemlanjeni iNayile
- About 5000 years ago IGibhithe engaPhezulu neyeZantsi zidityaniswa phantsi kukafaro omnye
- Age of the pyramids Iipiramidi ezinkulu neSphinx ziyakhiwa kwaGiza
- Long line of pharaohs IGibhithe ilawulwa ngoofaro, ababingeleli, nababhali-mbhalo
- 1922 Ingcwaba likaTutankhamen liyafunyanwa, lizele bubuncwane
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa ithayimlayini ukuphinda uhlolisise sonke isifundo ngolandelelwano. Chaza ukuba imihla ye-'BCE' inzima kwiBanga lesi-5, ngoko sisebenzisa esithi 'kudala' kunye 'nemalunga neminyaka engama-5000 eyadlulayo'. Cela abafundi baphinde balibalise ibali leGibhithe besebenzisa ithayimlayini njengesikhokelo. [SME] Lungisa uyise kwimihla echanekileyo ye-BCE (udibaniso malunga no-3000 BCE, iipiramidi zaseGiza malunga no-2500 BCE) ukuba iklasi yakho iyayisebenzisa.
Esikufundileyo
IGibhithe yamandulo yayiyimpucuko enkulu yaseAfrika eyabunjwa yiNayile, eyayilawulwa ngoofaro yaye ikhunjulwa ngeepiramidi zayo nombhalo wayo wemifanekiso.
Umlambo iNayile wanika amaGibhithe amanzi, ukutya, nendlela yokuhamba. Ufaro wayelawula njengokumkani nothixo, encediswa ngababingeleli nababhali-mbhalo. AmaGibhithe ayekholelwa koothixo abaninzi nakubomi emva kokufa, yaye akha iipiramidi njengamangcwaba. Asungula umbhalo we-hieroglyph aza enza ufumaniso kwizibalo nakumayeza oluseka lubalulekile nanamhlanje.
Q. Chaza iindlela ezimbini umlambo iNayile owawubaluleke ngazo kumaGibhithe amandulo. (4 marks)
Q. Wayengubani ufaro, kwaye kutheni wayenamandla kangaka? (3 marks)
Q. Khankanya into enye amaGibhithe amandulo awayakhayo okanye awayisungulayo, uze uchaze ukuba kutheni yayibalulekile. (3 marks)
Speaker notes
Vala ngokunxulumanisa yonke imicu nayo iNayile - ijografi yenza impucuko yenzeka. Sebenzisa le mibuzo mithathu kumsebenzi obhaliweyo okanye ingxoxo yeklasi; ukwabiwa kwamanqaku kulandela isimbo seCAPS seSigaba esiPhakathi. Khumbuza abafundi ukuba le yayiyimpucuko yaseAfrika, unxulumanisa isihloko nophononongo lwembali yeAfrika.
- Grade
- Grade 5
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- An ancient African society: Egypt
- Resource type
- Presentation