Intsebenziswano noNgquzulwano eMdeni weKapa
Indlela abahlangana, batshintshiselana ngezinto baza baxabana ngayo abahlali bamaXhosa, ama-trekboer, amaNgesi kunye nabavangeli emdeni waseMpuma Koloni ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1800.
Speaker notes
Misa umbono: 'umda' (frontier) ayilo mgca nje kwimephu koko ngummandla obanzi apho abantu abahlukeneyo bahlala kufuphi omnye komnye, ngamanye amaxesha bencedisana ngamanye amaxesha besilwa. Chaza ukuba le yunithi ijonga umda waseMpuma Koloni ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1800, malunga noMlambo iGreat Fish (iNciba). Buza abafundi ukuba bacinga kwenzeka ntoni xa amaqela amabini efuna umhlaba omnye namanzi anye.
Umda waseMpuma Koloni
Ngo-1800 iKoloni yaseKapa yayisele isasazeke ngasempuma de amafama amaDatshi adibana nabahlali bamaXhosa kufuphi noMlambo iGreat Fish.
IKoloni yaseKapa yaqala njengendawo yokuhlala yamaDatshi eTable Bay ngo-1652. Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-150, amafama eenkomo abizwa ngokuba ngama-trekboer aqhubeka esiya ngasempuma efuna umhlaba wokwalusa. Ngo-1795, kwakhona ngo-1806, iBritani yathabatha ulawulo lweKapa.
- Ummandla womda wawukwindawo yanamhlanje yaseMpuma Koloni, malunga noMlambo iGreat Fish.
- Wawungengomda umiselweyo - wawutshintsha njengoko abantu behamba kwaye kusiliwa iimfazwe.
- Amaqela ahlukeneyo ayeyabelana, ekhuphisana kwaye esilwa ngomhlaba omnye kunye namanzi.
Speaker notes
Beka umda endaweni nasexesheni kubafundi. Khomba emephini iMpuma Koloni noMlambo iGreat Fish (iNciba). Gxininisa ukuba umda wawusoloko usiya ngasempuma njengoko ikoloni ikhula. Phawula utshintsho lolawulo olusuka kumaDatshi lusiya kwiBritani, into ebalulekileyo kuba iBritani yazisa abahlali abatsha nemigaqo-nkqubo emitsha emdeni.
Ngoobani ababehlala emdeni?
Amaqela aliqela ayeyabelana ngommandla womda, elinye nelinye linendlela yalo yokuphila.
Abahlali bamaXhosa
Ngamafama afuya iinkomo ahlala ebukhosini ngasempuma yoMlambo iGreat Fish, ekhokelwa ziinkosi ezinjengoNgqika noNdlambe.
Ama-trekboer
Ngamafama eenkomo athetha isiDatshi avela eKapa afudukela ngasempuma efuna umhlaba omtsha wokwalusa.
AmaKhoikhoi namaSan
Ngabo babengabokuqala abafuyi nabazingeli balo mmandla, uninzi lwabo ngoku lusebenza kumafama akwikoloni okanye luhlala phakathi kwamaXhosa.
AmaNgesi nabavangeli
Ziigosa zamaNgesi, amajoni kunye nabahlali baka-1820, kunye nabavangeli abeza kufundisa nokuguqula abantu enkolweni.
Speaker notes
Nika abafundi uluhlu lwabalinganiswa phambi kokuba ibali liqhubeke. Gxininisa ukuba amaXhosa ayengamafama anenkqubo eyomeleleyo yentlalo neyezopolitiko, ayengabantu 'abavimbayo indlela' yabahlali nje. Phawula ukuba abantu bamaKhoikhoi namaSan babesele bekho kudala phambi kokuba nokuba nakuliphi na eli qela. Phepha ukuzoba naliphi na iqela njengelilungileyo ngokupheleleyo okanye elibi ngokupheleleyo.
Ukurhweba nokuhlala kunye
Ixesha elininzi, abantu bomda babesebenzisana kuba babedingana.
Ubomi emdeni babungengobokulwa kuphela. Abahlali bamaXhosa nabemi bekoloni babe rhwebelana omnye komnye, betshintshiselana ngeenkomo, amazinyo eendlovu, iintsimbi, ubhedu, ilaphu kunye nezixhobo zesinyithi. Abanye abantu babefunda iilwimi zomnye nomnye, besebenza kunye kwaye betshatiselana phakathi kwamaqela.
- Iinkomo zaziyibutyebi kuwo omabini amaXhosa nama-trekboer, ngoko babe rhwebelana bebe balusa ecaleni komnye.
- Abasebenzi bamaKhoikhoi, abazingeli nabarhwebi babedla ngokuhamba phakathi kwezi zizwe zimbini.
- Abavangeli, iinkosi neegosa ngamanye amaxesha babenza izivumelwano zokugcina uxolo.
Speaker notes
Le slide ilinganisa ibali ukuze abafundi bangacingi ukuba umda wawunobundlobongela kuphela. Ubudlelwane bokwenene - urhwebo, umsebenzi, umtshato, ukufunda iilwimi - babuwela umda. Le 'ntsebenziswano' isesinye isiqingatha sesihloko se-CAPS kwaye kulula ukuyityeshela. Buza abafundi imizekelo yanamhlanje yamaqela akhuphisanayo kwaye asebenzisanayo.
Kwakhula njani ungquzulwano?
Izinto ezifanayo abantu babeyabelana ngazo - umhlaba, amanzi neenkomo - zazikwabangela neengxabano zabo.
Njengoko ama-trekboer amaninzi kwakunye nabahlali bamaNgesi babefika, babefuna umhlaba ongakumbi nendawo yokwalusa. Oku kwatyhala kubahlali bamaXhosa ababesele besebenzisa loo mhlaba. Xa iinkomo zilahleka, iqela ngalinye lalisola elinye, kwaye ukuphangwa okuncinci kwakunokukhula kube yimfazwe.
- Omabini amaqela ayefuya iinkomo, ngoko ukhuphiswano ngomhlaba wokwalusa lwaluqhubeka rhoqo.
- Ukuphangwa kweenkomo ngamaqela omabini kwadala umsindo nokungathembani.
- Urhulumente wekoloni wayesoloko ezama ukumisela umda oqinileyo aze asuse amaXhosa emhlabeni ongasentshona kuwo.
Speaker notes
Zoba unobangela nesiphumo ngokucacileyo: ukwanda kwenani labahlali kunye noqoqosho lweenkomo ababelabelana ngalo kwakunye nomda otshintshayo kwakhokelela kungquzulwano. Bonisa ukuba ukuphangwa kweenkomo kwakusenzeka macala omabini - oku kubalulekile ngenxa yokulingana. Chaza ukuba iinzame zikarhulumente zokutsala umgca oqinileyo, nokugcina amaXhosa kwelinye icala lawo, zazenza uxolo lube nzima.
IiMfazwe zoMda
Phakathi ko-1779 no-1879 kwakukho uthotho lweemfazwe phakathi kwabemi bekoloni nabahlali bamaXhosa emdeni waseMpuma Koloni.
Ababhali-mbali babala malunga neeMfazwe zoMda ezisithoba kwiminyaka emalunga nekhulu. Kule yunithi sijonga ezo zenzeka ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1800. Imfazwe nganye yayidla ngokuphela ngamaXhosa elahlekelwa ngumhlaba ongakumbi, njengoko ikoloni ityhala umda wayo usiya ngasempuma.
- Ezi mfazwe zazikwabizwa ngokuba ziiMfazwe zoMda waseKapa okanye iiMfazwe zamaXhosa.
- Yayingeyomfazwe ende inye koko yimfazwe ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, kunoxolo phakathi.
- Ngokuhamba kwexesha isicwangciso sasicaca: umhlaba wawusuka kulawulo lwamaXhosa usiya ekolonini.
Speaker notes
Nika umfanekiso omkhulu phambi kweenkcukacha. Abafundi akufuneki bazibambe ngentloko zonke iimfazwe ezisithoba; kufuneka baqonde isicwangciso - ungquzulwano oluphindaphindiweyo, imfazwe nganye iphela ngomda utyhalelwa ngasempuma yaye amaXhosa elahlekelwa ngumhlaba. [SME] Ababhali-mbali bahluka ngendlela ekubalwa nekufakwa ngayo imihla yeemfazwe ezisithoba; qinisekisa inani nemihla ofuna abafundi bayisebenzise.
Ukugxothwa eZuurveld
Imikhosi yamaNgesi yatyhala amawaka amaXhosa awela uMlambo iGreat Fish ukuze kucocwe umhlaba wekoloni.
I-Zuurveld yayingumhlaba osentshona yoMlambo iGreat Fish apho amaXhosa nabemi bekoloni babehlala ecaleni komnye. Ngo-1811-1812, iRhuluneli uSir John Cradock yayalela imikhosi yamaNgesi namahlakani ayo ukuba igxothe amaXhosa aze awanyanzele awele umlambo esiya ngasempuma.
- Ikoloni yayifuna ummandla ocacileyo, ongenabani ozivikelayo kufuphi nomda wayo wasempuma.
- Ukugada umda omtsha, idolophu iGrahamstown yasekwa ngo-1812.
- Iintsapho ezininzi zamaXhosa zalahlekelwa ngamakhaya nomhlaba wokwalusa ezaziwusebenzisa iminyaka.
Speaker notes
Lo ngumzekelo ocacileyo wokuhluthwa komhlaba. Chaza igama elithi 'ummandla ozivikelayo' - ikoloni yayifuna umhlaba ongenabani phakathi kwayo namaXhosa. Phawula ukusekwa kweGrahamstown (namhlanje iMakhanda) njengedolophu yomkhosi emdeni. Yiphathe le nto ngobunono: iintsapho zokwenene zanyanzelwa ukushiya umhlaba wazo. Buza abafundi ukuba bacinga amaXhosa avakalelwa njani ukuba agxothwe.
Abahlali bamaNgesi baka-1820
IBritani yathumela malunga nabahlali abangama-4 000 ukuba bahlale emdeni njengekhaka lomntu lokukhusela ikoloni.
Ngo-1820 urhulumente wamaNgesi wanceda abahlali abamalunga nama-4 000 ukuba bafudukele eMpuma Koloni. Banikwa amafama kummandla womda, ngokuyinxenye ukukhulisa ikoloni nangokuyinxenye ukukhusela umda kumaXhosa.
- Abahlali abaninzi babebandezeleka: umhlaba wawunzima ukuwulima kwaye ungquzulwano lwalukufuphi.
- Abanye bayeka ukulima baza baqala iidolophu, imisebenzi yezandla namaphephandaba.
- Ukufika kwabo kwongeza uxinzelelo emhlabeni wamaXhosa ecaleni komda.
Speaker notes
Chaza isicwangciso samaNgesi: beka abahlali emdeni ukuze bawomeleze kwaye bawukhusele. Phawula ukuba abahlali abaninzi babandezeleka baza bajika baya kwimisebenzi yasedolophini, into eyakhulisa iGrahamstown noomatshini bamaphephandaba omda. Gcina ukulingana: abahlali babedla ngokuba ziintsapho ezihlwempuzekileyo eziqhelekileyo, kodwa ukufika kwabo kwongeza uxinzelelo emhlabeni wamaXhosa.
UMakhanda nokuhlaselwa kweGrahamstown
Ngo-1819 umkhosi wamaXhosa okhokelwa ngumkhokeli-mfazwe nomprofeti uMakhanda wahlasela idolophu yomda iGrahamstown.
AmaXhosa ayahlukene phakathi kweenkosi ezimbini, uNgqika noyisekazi uNdlambe. Xa amaNgesi exhasa uNgqika, imikhosi kaNdlambe yachasa. Ngo-1819 igorha-mprofeti uMakhanda (obizwa kwangokuba nguNxele okanye uMakana) wakhokela umkhosi omkhulu wamaXhosa kuhlaselo olunesibindi lwe-Grahamstown.
- Uhlaselo lwasilela, yaye amaXhosa alahlekelwa kakhulu.
- UMakhanda wazinikela waza wavalelwa eRobben Island, apho watshona khona ezama ukubaleka.
- Emva kwemfazwe ikoloni yathabatha umhlaba ongakumbi, yenza ummandla 'ongathathi cala' amaXhosa awayengavumelekanga ukungena kuwo.
Speaker notes
Chaza ukwahlukana phakathi kukaNgqika noNdlambe nendlela ukubandakanyeka kwamaNgesi okwakhenkxa ngayo ungquzulwano. Bonisa uMakhanda njengomkhokeli obalulekileyo nomprofeti, hayi umhlaseli nje. Ukuvalelwa kwakhe nokufa kwakhe eRobben Island kumenza abe luphawu lokuqala lokuxhathisa. Phawula kwakhona isicwangciso: emva kwemfazwe, ikoloni yathabatha umhlaba ongakumbi. [SME] Ubukhulu bomkhosi kaMakhanda budla ngokunikwa njengabamalunga ne-10 000; qinisekisa eli nani phambi kokuba ulicaphule kubafundi.
Abancedisi kunye nenxalenye yokoyisela
Abavangeli beza kufundisa nokuguqula abantu enkolweni - kodwa umsebenzi wabo wakwavula indlela yolawulo lwekoloni.
Speaker notes
Abavangeli ngumzekelo omhle wesihloko esithi 'intsebenziswano nongquzulwano' esiyintsonkotha. Amaqela afana neLondon Missionary Society (uGqirha Johannes van der Kemp, kamva uGqirha John Philip) ngamanye amaxesha ayethetha ngamalungelo amaKhoikhoi namaXhosa, kodwa umsebenzi wobuvangeli wawukwabuthathaka inkululeko yase-Afrika waze wenza lula ukwandiswa kwekoloni. Khuthaza abafundi ukuba babambe zombini iingcamango kunokugweba abavangeli njengabalungileyo okanye ababi nje.
Ukubulawa kukaKumkani uHintsa
Ngo-1835 amaNgesi abulala ukumkani omkhulu wamaXhosa, uHintsa, ngexesha lemfazwe yomhlaba neenkomo.
Ngo-1834 imfazwe yaqhambuka kwakhona xa imikhosi yamaXhosa, ecaphukele ukulahlekelwa ngumhlaba, yangena ekolonini. Ngexesha lokulwa amaNgesi abamba ukumkani omkhulu uHintsa ka Phalo. NgoMeyi 1835 wadutyulwa wabulawa yimikhosi yamaNgesi ngoxa wayelibanjwa, isenzo esothusa saza sacaphukisa amaXhosa.
- Imfazwe yabangela ukulahleka okukhulu kobomi neenkomo macala omabini.
- Ukufa kukaHintsa kwaba luphawu oluhlala luhleli lokungabikho kobulungisa bekoloni.
- Ikoloni yaphinda yatyhala umda wayo usiya ngasempuma emva kwemfazwe.
Speaker notes
Le yimizuzu ebuthathaka - yiphathe ngobunzulu nangokwenene. UHintsa wayengukumkani omkhulu wamaXhosa; ukubulawa kwakhe ngoxa elibanjwa kwakubonwa njengokungcatsha kwaye kuhlala kuyimbali ebuhlungu. Gxila kwisizathu sokuba yayibaluleke ngani: yakhenkxa ukuxhathisa kwamaXhosa nokungathembani. Phepha iinkcukacha ezoyikekayo; ingongoma ephambili kukungabikho kobulungisa nesithunzi sayo eside. [SME] Iimeko ezithe ngqo zokufa kukaHintsa ziyaphikiswana ngababhali-mbali; gcina ingxelo yaseklasini inobunono uze uqinisekise amagama.
Umkhokeli owalwela ukugcina umhlaba
INkosi uMaqoma yakhokela ukuxhathisa kwamaXhosa iminyaka emininzi yaza yafela ilibanjwa eRobben Island.
Umhlaba wawungowethu, kwaye asisayi kuze siyeke ukuvakalelwa kukuba wathathwa kuthi. Umoya okhunjulwayo wokuxhathisa kwamaXhosa emdeni
UMaqoma, unyana weNkosi uNgqika, wayengomnye wabakhokeli bomkhosi wamaXhosa abanobuchule kwiimfazwe zomda. Wagxothwa emhlabeni wakhe kummandla waseKat River waza wachitha ubomi bakhe obuninzi exhathisa ukwandiswa kwekoloni. Kamva wavalelwa e-Robben Island, apho wafela khona ngo-1873.
- Wasebenzisa iinduli namahlathi omda ngobuchule ukulwa nemikhosi emikhulu.
- Ubomi bakhe bubonisa iindleko zabantu zokulahlekelwa ngumhlaba, kaninzi.
- Namhlanje ukhunjulwa njengeqhawe lokuxhathisa.
Speaker notes
UMaqoma unika abafundi umntu okhumbulekayo abanokubambelela kuye kwisihloko sokuxhathisa nokuhluthwa komhlaba. Phawula ukuba eli cephu (quote) yinguqulelo ebamba imvakalelo yamaXhosa yokulahlekelwa, hayi icephu eliqinisekisiweyo elithe ngqo - libonise njengoko linjalo. Dibanisa ukuvalelwa kwakhe eRobben Island noMakhanda ngaphambili, ubonisa uludwe olude lwabakhokeli bokuxhathisa ababevalelwe apho. [SME] Qinisekisa ukuba ukhululekile ukusebenzisa icephu eliyinguqulelo, okanye ulibuyisele ngelinye elinemvelaphi.
Umda otshintshayo, 1806-1836
- 1806 IBritani ithabatha ulawulo oluhlalayo lweKoloni yaseKapa
- 1811-12 AmaXhosa agxothwa eZuurveld; iGrahamstown yasekwa
- 1819 UMakhanda uhlasela iGrahamstown; kuthatyathwa umhlaba ongakumbi
- 1820 Abahlali bamaNgesi bafika emdeni
- 1835 UKumkani uHintsa uyabulawa ngexesha leMfazwe yesiThandathu yoMda
- 1836 UMfuduko oMkhulu (Great Trek) uqala njengoko amaBhulu eshiya ikoloni
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa le thaymlayini ukuqinisa ulwazi. Cela abafundi balandele isicwangciso kuzo zonke iziganeko: ungquzulwano ngalunye ludla ngokuphela ngomda utyhalelwa ngasempuma yaye amaXhosa elahlekelwa ngumhlaba. Phawula uMfuduko oMkhulu (Great Trek) ekugqibeleni, abafundi abanokuwufunda emva koku - waphuma ngokuyinxenye kwiingxwabangxwaba zomda notshintsho emithethweni yekoloni.
Esikufundileyo
Umda weKapa wawuyindawo yentsebenziswano nongquzulwano - urhwebo nomtshato, kodwa nemfazwe nokuhluthwa komhlaba.
Emdeni waseMpuma Koloni, abahlali bamaXhosa, ama-trekboer, amaKhoikhoi, abahlali bamaNgesi nabavangeli babe labelana ngomhlaba ngokurhweba nangobomi bemihla ngemihla, kodwa babexabana ngomhlaba, iinkomo namandla. Imfazwe emva kwemfazwe yaphela ngamaXhosa elahlekelwa ngumhlaba, ngoxa umda wekoloni wawusiya ngasempuma rhoqo.
Q. Nika imizekelo emibini yentsebenziswano phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo emdeni waseKapa. (4 marks)
Q. Chaza izizathu ezibini zokukhula kongquzulwano emdeni ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1800. (4 marks)
Q. Khetha umkhokeli omnye (uMakhanda, uHintsa okanye uMaqoma) uze uchaze isizathu sokuba akhunjulwe. (6 marks)
Speaker notes
Vala ngokubuyela kwiziqingatha ezimbini zesihloko - intsebenziswano nongquzulwano - ukuze abafundi babambe zombini engqondweni. Sebenzisa le mibuzo mithathu njengomsebenzi obhaliweyo okanye ingxoxo; ukwabiwa kwamanqaku kulandela ukubhalwa kweempendulo ezimfutshane neziqendu ngendlela ye-CAPS. Khumbuza abafundi ukuba le mbali yomda inceda ukucacisa iziganeko zamva njengoMfuduko oMkhulu (Great Trek) nokulahlekelwa ngumhlaba wase-Afrika kulo lonke uMzantsi Afrika.
- Grade
- Grade 7
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- Cooperation and conflict on the frontiers of the Cape Colony in the early 19th century
- Resource type
- Presentation