Ukubambisana Nokungqubuzana Emngceleni WeKapa
Indlela iimphakathi zamaXhosa, ama-trekboer, amaNgisi neenthunywa zevangeli (missionaries) ezahlangana ngayo, zarhweba begodu zaqubuzana ngayo emngceleni weMpumalanga Kapa ekuthomeni kweminyaka yabo-1800.
Speaker notes
Beka isimo: 'umngcele' akusimudwa nje phezu kwebalazwe kodwana yindawo ebanzi lapho abantu abahlukeneko bahlala eduze khona, kwesinye isikhathi basizana kanti kwesinye balwe. Hlathulula bona lesi sifundo siqala umngcele weMpumalanga Kapa ekuthomeni kweminyaka yabo-1800, cabe eduze noMlambo iGreat Fish River. Buza abafundi bona bacabanga bonyana kwenzekani lokha amaqembu amabili afuna umhlaba namanzi afanako.
Umngcele weMpumalanga Kapa
Ngabo-1800 iKoloni yeKapa yayirhabhulukele ngepumalanga bekwathi abalimi bamaHolarhi bahlangana neemphakathi zamaXhosa eduze noMlambo iGreat Fish River.
I-Cape Colony (iKoloni yeKapa) yathoma njengendawo yamaHolarhi eTable Bay ngomnyaka ka-1652. Emnyakeni ema-150, abalimi bezinkomo egade babizwa bona ma-trekboer barhabhulukela ngepumalanga bafuna umhlaba wokudlisa iinkomo. Ngomnyaka ka-1795, godu nango-1806, i-Britain (iNgilandi) yathatha ilawulo leKapa.
- Indawo yomngcele yayilele eMpumalanga Kapa yanamhlanjesi, eduze noMlambo iGreat Fish River.
- Bekungasimngcele omile - wawugudluka njengombana abantu bagudluka nezipi zilwiwa.
- Amaqembu ahlukeneko abelana, aqophisana begodu alwela umhlaba namanzi afanako.
Speaker notes
Tjengisa abafundi umngcele endaweni nesikhathini. Khomba ebalazweni iMpumalanga Kapa noMlambo iGreat Fish River. Gandelela bona umngcele bewuraga ngokugudlukela ngepumalanga njengombana ikoloni ikhula. Qaphela itjhugululo elisuka ekulawulweni ngamaHolarhi kuya ekulawulweni ngamaNgisi, okwaba qakathekile ngombana iNgilandi yaletha abahlali abatjha nemithetho emitjha emngceleni.
Ngobani egade bahlala emngceleni?
Amaqembu amanengi abelana ngendawo yomngcele, ngamunye anendlela yakhe yokuphila.
Iimphakathi zamaXhosa
Abalimi abagcina iinkomo abahlala emakhosini ngepumalanga koMlambo iFish River, baholwa makhosi anjengoNgqika noNdlambe.
Ama-Trekboer
Abalimi bezinkomo abakhuluma isiHolarhi abasuka eKapa bagudlukela ngepumalanga bafuna umhlaba omutjha wokudlisa iinkomo.
AmaKhoikhoi namaSan
Abelusi nabazingeli bokuthoma bendawo, abanengi babo abasebenza emapulazini wekoloni namtjhana bahlala hlangana namaXhosa.
AmaNgisi neenthunywa zevangeli
Iinkhulu zamaNgisi, amasotja nabahlali bango-1820, kunye neenthunywa zevangeli (missionaries) ezeza zizokufundisa nokusandulisa ekukholweni.
Speaker notes
Nikela abafundi abadlali bendaba ngaphambi kobana indaba ithome. Gandelela bona amaXhosa bekabalimi abanehlelo eliqinileko lomphakathi nezepolotiki, ingasi 'nje abavimba' indlela yabahlali. Qaphela bona amaKhoikhoi namaSan bekavele bakhona kudala ngaphambi kwawo woke amaqembu la. Balekela ukudweba iqembu njengelihle loke namtjhana elimbi loke.
Ukurhweba nokuhlala ndawonye
Isikhathi esinengi, abantu bomngcele babambisana ngombana babatlhogana.
Ipilo emngceleni bekungisi kokulwa kwaphela. Iimphakathi zamaXhosa nabahlali barhweba bebatjhintjhelana ngeenkomo, amabono weendlovu (ivory), ubuhlalu, ikoporo (copper), ilaphu neensetjenziswa zesimbi. Abanye bafunda iinlimi zomunye nomunye, basebenza ndawonye begodu batjhada nabantu bamanye amaqembu.
- Iinkomo bezimnotho kubo bobabili amaXhosa nabalimi be-trekboer, ngalokho barhweba begodu belusa ndawonye.
- Abasebenzi bamaKhoikhoi, abazingeli nabarhwebi bebahlala bagudluka hlangana neenhlangano ezimbili.
- Iinthunywa zevangeli, amakhosi neenkhulu kwesinye isikhathi benza iisivumelwano zokugcina ukuthula.
Speaker notes
Isilaydi lesi lilinganisa indaba ukwenzela bona abafundi bangacabangi bona umngcele bewunobudlhula kwaphela. Ubudlelwana bamambala - ukurhweba, umsebenzi, umtjhado, ukufunda iinlimi - kwadlula umngcele. Lokhu 'kubambisana' kuyihlangothi elilodwa lesihloko se-CAPS begodu kulula ukukukhohlwa. Buza abafundi ngeembonelo zanamhlanjesi zamaqembu aqophisanako begodu abambisana.
Kubayini ukungqubuzana kwakhula?
Izinto ezifanako abantu ababelana ngazo - umhlaba, amanzi neenkomo - nazo zabanga iimphikiswano zabo.
Njengombana ama-trekboer amanengi begodu ngokukhamba kwesikhathi abahlali bamaNgisi bafika, bafuna umhlabanendawo yokudlisa engeziweko. Lokho kwaqophisana neemphakathi zamaXhosa ebezivele zisebenzisa umhlaba loyo. Lokha iinkomo zilahleka, ihlangothi ngalinye labeka umlandu kwelinye, begodu ukweba okuncani kwakhula kwaba yipi.
- Woke amaqembu bekagcina iinkomo, ngalokho ukuqophisana ngendawo yokudlisa bekungapheli.
- Ukweba iinkomo okwenziwa mahlangothi womabili kwabanga ukukwatha nokungathembani.
- Uhlangano wekoloni waraga uzama ukubeka umngcele oqinileko nokususa amaXhosa emhlabeni ongetjhingalanga kwawo.
Speaker notes
Dweba isizathu-nomphumela ngokukhanyako: ukwanda kwabahlali kunye nomnotho weenkomo ababelana ngawo kunye nomngcele ogudlukako kwaba nomphumela wokungqubuzana. Veza bona ukweba iinkomo kwenzeka mahlangothi womabili - lokhu kuqakathekile ngebanga lokulingana. Hlathulula bona imizamo kahulumende yokudweba umudwa oqinileko, nokugcina amaXhosa ngehlangothi elilodwa, kwenza ukuthula kwaba budisi.
IiPi Zomngcele (Frontier Wars)
Hlangana no-1779 no-1879 kwaba khona uhlelo lwezipi hlangana nabahlali neemphakathi zamaXhosa emngceleni weMpumalanga Kapa.
Abalandi bomlando babala malungana ne-iiPi Zomngcele eziyi-9 eminyakeni engaba likhulu. Kilesi sifundo siqala lezo ebezisekuthomeni kweminyaka yabo-1800. Ipi ngayinye ivamise ukuphela ngokuthi amaXhosa alahlekelwe mhlaba omunye, njengombana ikoloni idudulela umngcele wayo ngepumalanga.
- Izipi bezibizwa nangokuthi ma-Cape Frontier Wars namtjhana ma-Xhosa Wars.
- Bezingisipi yinye ede kodwana bekumaqophiso amanengi ahlukeneko, kunokuthula hlangana.
- Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi ipateni yakhanya: umhlaba wagudluka usuka ekulawulweni ngamaXhosa uya ekolonini.
Speaker notes
Nikela isithombe esikhulu ngaphambi kweenqophiso. Abafundi akutlhogeki bafunde ngehloko woke amayipi ayi-9; batlhoga ukuzwisisa ipateni - ukungqubuzana okuphindaphindiweko, ipi ngayinye iphela ngomngcele odudulelwe ngepumalanga namaXhosa alahlekelwa mhlaba. [SME] Abalandi bomlando bahluke ngendlela amayipi ayi-9 abalwa begodu abekwa ngamalanga; qinisekisa isibalo namalanga ofuna abafundi bawasebenzise.
Ukududulwa eZuurveld
Amabutho wamaNgisi adudula iinkulungwana zamaXhosa ziyela ngaphetjheya koMlambo iFish River ukuvula umhlaba wekoloni.
I-Zuurveld bekulithontho lomhlaba ngetjhingalanga koMlambo iFish River lapho amaXhosa nabahlali bebahlala eduze khona. Ngo-1811-1812, umbusi u-Sir John Cradock wayala amabutho wamaNgisi nabahlekana babo bona badudule amaXhosa bewawagagamele ngepumalanga ngaphetjheya komlambo.
- Ikoloni beyifuna indawo ekhabako ekhanyako begodu enganabantu ehlangothini layo lepumalanga.
- Ukuvikela umngcele omutjha, idorobho iGrahamstown lasungulwa ngo-1812.
- Iimndeni eminengi yamaXhosa yalahlekelwa maghumo nomhlaba wokudlisa ebeyiwusebenzise iminyaka.
Speaker notes
Lo mbonelo ophathekako wokwephucwa umhlaba. Hlathulula 'indawo ekhabako' (buffer zone) - ikoloni beyifuna umhlaba onganabantu hlangana nayo namaXhosa. Qaphela ukusungulwa kweGrahamstown (namhlanjesi iMakhanda) njengedorobho lamasotja lomngcele. Phatha lokhu ngokubonelela: iimndeni yamambala yagagamelwa emhlabenayo. Buza abafundi bona bacabanga bonyana amaXhosa azizwa njani ngokududulwa.
Abahlali BamaNgisi Bango-1820
I-Britain yathumela abahlali abaqumbethe abazi-4 000 bona bahlale emngceleni njengesivikelo somuntu sekoloni.
Ngo-1820 uhulumende weNgilandi wasiza abahlali abaqumbethe abazi-4 000 bagudlukela eMpumalanga Kapa. Banikelwa amapulazi endaweni yomngcele, ngengcenye ukukhulisa ikoloni nangengcenye uku-vikela umngcele ekungqubuzaneni namaXhosa.
- Abahlali abanengi bahlangabezana nobudisi: umhlaba bewubudisi ukuwulima begodu ukungqubuzana bekuseduze.
- Abanye balisa ukulima bathoma amadorobho, imisebenzi yezandla namaphephandaba.
- Ukufika kwabo kwangeza umtjhoro phezu komhlaba wamaXhosa eduze komngcele.
Speaker notes
Hlathulula ihlelo lamaNgisi: bekamise abahlali emngceleni ukuwuqinisa nokuwuvikela. Qaphela bona abahlali abanengi bahlangabezana nobudisi bese baphendukela emisebenzini yamadorobho, okwaba nomphumela wokukhula kweGrahamstown nabezindaba bomngcele. Gcina ukulingana: abahlali kanengi bekabantu abatlhagako abajayelekileko, kodwana ukufika kwabo kwangeza umtjhoro phezu komhlaba wamaXhosa.
UMakhanda nokuhlaselwa kweGrahamstown
Ngo-1819 ibutho lamaXhosa eliholwa mholi wepi begodu umphorofidi uMakhanda lahlasela idorobho lomngcele iGrahamstown.
AmaXhosa bewahlukene phakathi kwabaholi ababili, u-Ngqika noyisekazi u-Ndlambe. Lokha amaNgisi asekela uNgqika, amabutho kaNdlambe akhamba nokujamela. Ngo-1819 ibutho begodu umphorofidi u-Makhanda (obizwa nangokuthi Nxele namtjhana Makana) waholela ibutho elikhulu lamaXhosa ekuhlaseleni okusabekako kweGrahamstown.
- Ukuhlasela kwahluleka, begodu amaXhosa alahlekelwa kukhulu.
- UMakhanda wazinikela wabotjhwa e-Robben Island, lapho aminzela khona alinga ukubaleka.
- Ngemva kwepi ikoloni yathatha umhlaba omunye godu, yenza indawo 'engathathi hlangothi' amaXhosa ebengangeni kiyo.
Speaker notes
Hlathulula ukwahlukana hlangana noNgqika noNdlambe nendlela ukubandakanyeka kwamaNgisi okwajulisa ngayo ukungqubuzana. Veza uMakhanda njengomholi begodu umphorofidi oqakathekileko, ingasi nje umhlaseli. Ukubotjhwa nokufa kwakhe e-Robben Island kumenza umfuziselo wokuthoma wokujamela. Qaphela godu ipateni: ngemva kwepi, ikoloni yathatha umhlaba omunye. [SME] Ubukhulu bebutho lakaMakhanda buvamise ukunikelwa njengabo-10 000; qinisekisa isibalo ngaphambi kokusibikela abafundi.
Abasizi begodu ingcenye yokunqoba
Iinthunywa zevangeli (missionaries) zeza zizokufundisa nokusandulisa - kodwana umsebenzi wazo wavula nendlela yokulawula kwekoloni.
Speaker notes
Iinthunywa zevangeli zimbonelo emhle wesihloko 'sokubambisana nokungqubuzana' obudisi. Amaqembu njenge-London Missionary Society (uDkt Johannes van der Kemp, ngemva kwalokho uDkt John Philip) kwesinye isikhathi akhulumela amalungelo wamaKhoikhoi namaXhosa, kodwana umsebenzi wevangeli waphinda wathobisa ukuzimela kwabantu beAfrika begodu warhelebha ukwandiswa kwekoloni. Khuthaza abafundi bona babambe imibono emibili ngesikhathi esifanako kunokwahlulela iinthunywa zevangeli njengezihle namtjhana ezimbi nje.
Ukubulawa kweKosi uHintsa
Ngo-1835 amaNgisi abulala ikosi ekulu yamaXhosa, uHintsa, ngesikhathi sepi ngomhlaba neenkomo.
Ngo-1834 ipi yaqubuka godu lokha amabutho wamaXhosa, akwathile ngokulahlekelwa mhlaba, angena ekolonini. Ngesikhathi sokulwa amaNgisi abamba i-kosi ekulu uHintsa ka Phalo. NgoNhlaba (May) 1835 wa-dutjulwa wabulawa mabutho wamaNgisi njengombana asibotjhwa, isenzo esarhwaqisa begodu esakwathisa amaXhosa.
- Ipi yabanga ukulahleka okukhulu kwepilo neenkomo mahlangothi womabili.
- Ukufa kukaHintsa kwaba mfuziselo ohlala njalo wobungakalungi bekoloni.
- Ikoloni yaphinda yadudulela umngcele wayo ngepumalanga ngemva kwepi.
Speaker notes
Lesi sikhathi esibonelelako - siphathe ngokuzola nangamambala. UHintsa bekayikosi ekulu yamaXhosa; ukubulawa kwakhe njengombana asibotjhwa kwabonwa banengi njengokuhlanukela begodu kusesemlando obuhlungu. Naka bona kubayini kwaba qakathekile: kwajulisa ukujamela nokungathembani kwamaXhosa. Balekela iinqophiso ezirhwaqisako; iphuzu elikhulu kubungakalungi nomthunzi walo omude. [SME] Iimbandakanya eziqophileko zokufa nokugera komzimba kaHintsa ziyaphikiswana babalandi bomlando; gcina ihlathululo yeklasi ibonelela begodu uqinisekise amagama.
Umholi owalwela ukugcina umhlaba
IKosi uMaqoma yaholela ukujamela kwamaXhosa amatjhumi weminyaka begodu yafa isibotjhwa e-Robben Island.
Umhlaba bewungewethu, begodu asizukupheza ukuzizwa bona wathathwa kithi. Ukukhunjulwa komoya wokujamela kwamaXhosa emngceleni
U-Maqoma, indodana yeKosi uNgqika, bekamunye wabaholi bamabutho wamaXhosa abanamakghono kunazo zoke ezipini zomngcele. Wagagamelwa emhlabenakhe endaweni yeKat River begodu wachitha ipilwakhe eyinengi ajamele ukwandiswa kwekoloni. Ngemva kwalokho wabotjhwa e-Robben Island, lapho afela khona ngo-1873.
- Wasebenzisa iinduna neenrhutji zomngcele ngobuhlakani amabuthweni amakhulu.
- Ipilwakhe itjengisa itjhelekeko yobuntu yokulahlekelwa mhlaba, godu nagodu.
- Namhlanjesi ukhunjulwa njengeqhawe lokujamela.
Speaker notes
UMaqoma unikela abafundi umuntu okhumbulekako wokusekela isihloko sokujamela nokwephucwa umhlaba. Qaphela bona iqoso liyihlathululo ebamba umuzwa wamaXhosa wokulahlekelwa, ingasi iqoso eliqinisekisiweko eliqophileko - silethe njengalokho. Hlanganisa ukubotjhwa kwakhe e-Robben Island noMakhanda ngaphambili, kutjengisa ihele ede yabaholi bokujamela ababotjhwa lapho. [SME] Qinisekisa bona ukhululekile ukusebenzisa iqoso elihlathululiweko, namtjhana lithathele nge-elinye elinomthombo.
Umngcele ogudlukako, 1806-1836
- 1806 I-Britain ithatha ilawulo elihlalako leCape Colony
- 1811-12 AmaXhosa adudulwa eZuurveld; iGrahamstown yasungulwa
- 1819 UMakhanda uhlasela iGrahamstown; umhlaba omunye uyathathwa
- 1820 Abahlali bamaNgisi bafika emngceleni
- 1835 IKosi uHintsa iyabulawa ngesikhathi sePi Yesithandathu Yomngcele
- 1836 IGreat Trek iyathoma njengombana amaBhunu asuka ekolonini
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa ilayini yesikhathi le ukuqinisa. Buza abafundi bona balandele ipateni kizo zoke izehlakalo: ukungqubuzana ngakunye kuvamise ukuphela ngomngcele odudulelwe ngepumalanga namaXhosa alahlekelwa mhlaba. Qaphela iGreat Trek ekugcineni, abafundi abangayifunda ngokulandelako - yakhula ngengcenye emitjhorweni yomngcele netjhugulukweni emthethweni wekoloni.
Esikufundileko
Umngcele weKapa bekuyindawo yokubambisana nokungqubuzana - ukurhweba nomtjhado, kodwana godu ipi nokwephucwa umhlaba.
Emngceleni weMpumalanga Kapa, iimphakathi zamaXhosa, ama-trekboer, amaKhoikhoi, abahlali bamaNgisi neenthunywa zevangeli babelana ngomhlaba ngokurhweba nangepilo yamalanga woke, kodwana godu baqubuzana ngomhlaba, iinkomo namandla. Ipi ngemva kwepi yaphela ngamaXhosa alahlekelwa mhlaba, kukulapho umngcele wekoloni ugudlukela ngepumalanga ngokungapheli.
Q. Nikela iimbonelo ezimbili zokubambisana hlangana namaqembu ahlukeneko emngceleni weKapa. (4 marks)
Q. Hlathulula iimbangela ezimbili zokobana kubayini ukungqubuzana kwakhula emngceleni ekuthomeni kweminyaka yabo-1800. (4 marks)
Q. Khetha umholi munye (uMakhanda, uHintsa namtjhana uMaqoma) uhlathulule bona kubayini akhunjulwa. (6 marks)
Speaker notes
Phetha ngokubuyela emahlangothini amabili wesihloko - ukubambisana nokungqubuzana - ukwenzela bona abafundi babambe womabili emkhumbulweni. Sebenzisa imibuzo emithathu njengomsebenzi otloliweko namtjhana ipiyano; ukwabiwa kwamamaki kulandela ukutlolwa kweempendulo ezimfitjhani nezindima ngendlela ye-CAPS. Khumbuza abafundi bona umlando lo womngcele usiza ukuhlathulula izehlakalo zangemva njengeGreat Trek nokulahlekelwa mhlaba kwabantu beAfrika kilo loke iSewula Afrika.
- Grade
- Grade 7
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- Cooperation and conflict on the frontiers of the Cape Colony in the early 19th century
- Resource type
- Presentation