Kutsi, ngemakhulu ambalwa nje eminyaka, emandla ase-Yurophu (i-Europe) atsatsa kanjani cishe yonkhe i-Afrika - kanye nekutsi ema-Afrika alwa kanjani nako.
Speaker notes
Cala ngekubuta bafundzi kutsi bacabanga kutsi ligama lelitsi 'kubanga' lisho kutsini. Chaza umcondvo lomkhulu: emkhatsini walabo-1880 kuya ku-1900 emave ase-Yurophu abancintisana ngekutfumba umhlaba nemcebo wase-Afrika, futsi ngo-1914 abesalawula cishe lonkhe lizwekazi. Beka embili tintsambo letintsatfu talesifundvo: kutsi kungani i-Yurophu beyifuna i-Afrika, kutsi bayihlukanisa kanjani eSigungwini saseBherlini (Berlin Conference), nekutsi ema-Afrika alwa kanjani.
Ekhatsi kwabo-1800 i-Afrika beyilikhaya lemmango lemakhulu emiphakatsi, emabuve kanye nemibuso letimela yodvwa.
Ngaphambi kwabo-1880, ema-Yurophu bekahweba kakhulu emakhabhonyeni ase-Afrika futsi anemakoloni lambalwa ngekhatsi elizweni. I-Afrika beyinawo emave ayo, tindlela tekuhweba, tilwimi kanye netinkholo, kusukela e-Sokoto Caliphate eNshonalanga ye-Afrika kuya eMbusweni wemaZulu (Zulu Kingdom) eNingizimu nasembusweni wakadzeni wase-Ethiyophiya (Ethiopia).
- Incenye lenkhulu yelizwekazi beyibuswa ngema-Afrika, hhayi ema-Yurophu.
- Imiphakatsi yase-Afrika beyihweba igolide, imphondvo yendlovu, indwangu, luswayi netinye timphahla emabangeni lamade.
- Ema-Yurophu abelati kahle emakhabhonyeni kepha ati kancane ngekhatsi elizweni.
Speaker notes
Lungisa umbono lomubi lovamile: i-Afrika beyingakabi 'yindzawo lengenamuntfu' kumbe 'lelindze kutfolwa'. Beyinemiphakatsi lehlelekile, lenemahulumende ayo kanye nemnotfo wayo. Loku kubalulekile ngoba kubeka kubangwa njengekuhlaselwa kwemave lasavele akhona, hhayi kuhlala emhlabeni longenamuntfu.
Kubangwa kwaleku bekunetimbangela tetemnotfo, tetembusave kanye netenhlalo letatidvudvutana.
Tintfo tekwakha (imithombo)
Timboni tase-Yurophu (letivela eNguqukweni Yetimboni - Industrial Revolution) betidzinga irabha, ilikotini, ithusi, igolide nemadayimane.
Timakethe letinsha
Emakoloni anika timboni tase-Yurophu tindzawo tekutsengisa timphahla tato letentiwe.
Kuncintisana kwemave
IBhrithani, iFalansi neJalimane bebancintisana ngemandla nendumela - kuba nemakoloni bekukhombisa kutsi live 'likhulu'.
Imibono nenkholo
Lamanye ema-Yurophu abetsi anemsebenti 'wekukhulisa impucuko' wekusakata bunKhristu - tinkholelo letatakhiwe yimibono yebandlululo yekutsi ema-Yurophu ancono.
Speaker notes
Buyela emuva eSihlokweni Sekucala (Term 1) sase-Libanga 8 ngeNguquko Yetimboni: timboni tadala indlala yetintfo tekwakha netimakethe, lokwaholela ekubangweni. Yiba nesibindzi ekutseni umsebenti 'wekukhulisa impucuko' wawusetjentiswa kutsi kwentiwe kufakwe umkhono, futsi wawusekelwe emibonweni yebandlululo yekutsi ema-Yurophu ancono - kungasiso sichaso lesilungile nesinebulungiswa nge-Afrika.
Buchwepheshe lobusha nemitsi kwaguciula libhalansi lemandla kuya emabuthweni ase-Yurophu.
Emakhulu eminyaka tifo betigcina ema-Yurophu ngaphandle kwesingaphakatsi se-Afrika. Ngabo-1800 tintfo letinsha letasunguliwa taguciula loko. Umutsi lotsi iquinine wavikela emalaleveva, imikhumbi yesitimu yatfwala emasotja emifuleni, futsi tinjini tesitimu neludvwendvwe (i-telegraph) betihambisa emabutfo nemilayeto ngekushesha.
- Umgwamandze weMaxim (Maxim machine gun) wanika emabutfo ase-Yurophu emandla ekudubula lasabekayo kunemabutfo ase-Afrika.
- I-quinine yavumela emasotja ase-Yurophu kuphila etindzaweni tema-laleveva.
- Imikhumbi yesitimu, tinjini tesitimu neludvwendvwe (i-telegraph) kwenta kube melula kulawula umhlaba lokhashane.
Speaker notes
Gcizelela umgebhe webuchwepheshe: emabutfo ase-Afrika bekamanyenti futsi anesibindzi, kepha umgwamandze weMaxim netibhamu tesimanje kwanika litfuba lelikhulu. Loku kusita bafundzi kucondza kutsi KANJANI inombolo lencane yema-Yurophu ingakwati kunqoba tindzawo letinkhulu kangaka - bekungasingoba imiphakatsi yase-Afrika beyibutsakatsaka kumbe ingafuni kulwa.
Emandla ase-Yurophu ahlangana eBherlini kuvumelana ngemitsetfo yekwehlukanisa i-Afrika emkhatsini wawo - futsi kute ema-Afrika lamenyiwe.
Njengoba emave ase-Yurophu ancintisana ngekutfumba umhlaba wase-Afrika, kuncintisana kwawo kwakusabekisa kutsi kungabangela imphi emkhatsini wawo. Umholi waseJalimane Otto von Bismarck wabita sigungu eBherlini kusukela ngoNovemba 1884 kuya kuFebhuwari 1885. Kwafika bameli bemave ase-Yurophu labangaba li-14 (kanye nema-Amelika).
- Injongo bekukwehlukanisa i-Afrika ngekuthula - kubantfu base-Yurophu, hhayi kuma-Afrika.
- Kute nangubani wesikhulu sase-Afrika lomenyiwe kulesigungu.
- Umhlangano waphetsa ngekusayina i-General Act ngamhla ka-26 Febhuwari 1885.
Speaker notes
Lena ngumcimbi lobalulekile walesihloko. Beka emaphuzu lamabili ngesibindzi: (1) sigungu besimayelana nekubalekela imphi EMKHATSINI wemandla ase-Yurophu, hhayi ngebantfu base-Afrika; (2) kususwa lokuphelele kwema-Afrika kwakusho kutsi tincumo mayelana nemhlaba wawo tatentiwa ngaphandle kwawo. Ngiko phela tati-mlandvo tibona iSigungu saseBherlini njengeluphawu lwako konkhe kubangwa.
Sigungu saseBherlini sabeka kutsi live lase-Yurophu belingatitfumbela kanjani incenye ye-Afrika.
I-General Act yabeka imihlahlandlela yekutfumba umhlaba. Umcondvo lobaluleke kakhulu bekutsi 'kutsatsa ngempela indzawo' (effective occupation): kute litfumbe umhlaba, live lase-Yurophu bekufanele likhombise kutsi liyawulawula ngempela, ngeticumbi, emasotja kumbe tivumelwane. Loku kwakhutsata kugijimela kutfumba umhlaba lomkhulu ngangobe kungenteka.
- Live lelitfumba likhabhonya belifanele futsi latise lamanye ngekutfumba kwalo.
- Sigodzi somfula iKhongo (Congo) samenyetelwa njengendzawo yekuhweba lokukhululekile levuleke kubo bonkhe bahwebi base-Yurophu.
- Imincele beyivamise kudvwetjwa njengemidvwabo lecondze ebalazweni, inganaki imiphakatsi yase-Afrika lekhona lapha phansi.
Speaker notes
Chaza 'kutsatsa ngempela indzawo' ngendlela lelula: bewuwugcina umhlaba kuphela nangabe wukhombisa kutsi uyawulawula, ngako emandla agijimela kufaka imifleg nekusayina tivumelwane nebaholi base-Afrika (kumbe kubaphocelela). Gcizelela indleko yebuntfu yemincele lecondze: umphakatsi munye wehlukaniswa emkhatsini wemakoloni lamabili, futsi emacembu labancintisanako aphocelelwa kuba ndzawonye - inkinga lesachaphazela imincele ye-Afrika naku-nyalo.
Ngo-1914 cishe yonkhe i-Afrika beyibuswa yincenye lencane yemandla ase-Yurophu.
Ngemakhulu ambalwa nje eminyaka libalazwe le-Afrika ladvwetjwa kabusha. IBhrithani neFalansi batsatsa incenye lenkhulu, kanti iJalimane, iBhelijiyamu (Belgium), iPhutukezi (Portugal), i-Italiya neSpeyini tatfumba letinye tindzawo. Ngu-Ethiyophiya neLibheriya (Liberia) kuphela lokwagcina inkhululeko yako.
- IBhrithani beyiphupha ngeludvwendvwe lwemakoloni 'kusukela eKhayiro (Cairo) kuya eKapa (Cape Town)'.
- IFalansi yayilawula incenye lenkhulu yeNshonalanga neNyakatfo ye-Afrika.
- iNkhosi Leopold II waseBhelijiyamu watsatsa iKhongo (Congo) njengempahla yakhe siciniso.
Speaker notes
Sebentisa libalazwe lemlandvo langempela eceleni kwalelenteke lula uma unalo. Umcondvo kusheshisa nesikali: lonkhe lizwekazi lehlukaniswe cishe esizukulwaneni sinye. Cindzetela kutsi inkhululeko ye-Ethiyophiya iyahlangana embili neMphi yase-Adwa (isilayidi lesitako), nekutsi iLibheriya beyisungulwe bantfu labakhululiwe labaphuma e-Amelika.
IKhongo ikhombisa kutsi kubusa kwemakoloni bekungaba nesihluku kanjani nangabe inzuzo ibekwa embili kwabantfu.
iNkhosi Leopold II waseBhelijiyamu wabusa iKhongo njengempahla yakhe leyimfihlo kusukela ngo-1885. Kuze avune irabha nemphondvo yendlovu kutsi enze inzuzo lenkhulu, ticumbi takhe taphocelela bantfu baseKhongo kutsi basebente ngaphansi kwendlela yebudlova nemgcino losihluku. Kukholelwa kutsi bantfu labatigidzigidzi bafa ngenca yebudlova, indlala netifo.
- Imiti yaphocelelwa kubutsa irabha kumbe ijeziswe kabuhlungu.
- Umbiko wetehlukumeti wagcina uphakamise umsindvo eYurophu.
- Ngo-1908 hulumende waseBhelijiyamu watsatsa kulawula ku-Leopold.
Speaker notes
Phatsa lesilayidi ngekunakekela nangeliciniso - singesinye setibonelo letimatima kakhulu tebudlova bemakoloni. Gcina lulwimi lulingene neminyaka: chaza umsebenti wekuphocelela nendleko yawo lesabekayo yebantfu ngaphandle kwemininingwane lesabekisako. Sifundvo ngukutsi umgomo wenzuzo ngaphansi kwekubusa kwemakoloni wadala kuhlupheka lokukhulu, nekutsi bantfu base-Yurophu nase-Afrika bagcina bakhuluma bakuchazile. Tinombolo tebantfu labafa eKhongo tiyaphikiswa emkhatsini wetati-mlandvo.
- 1880s Emandla ase-Yurophu agijimela kutfumba umhlaba wase-Afrika
- 1884 Sigungu saseBherlini siyavuleka (Novemba)
- 1885 I-General Act iyasayinwa; iKhongo iba yeka-Leopold
- 1896 I-Ethiyophiya inqoba i-Italiya eMphini yase-Adwa
- 1904 Kulwa kwema-Herero nema-Nama eNingizimu Nshonalanga ye-Afrika
- 1905 Kuvukela kweMaji Maji eMphumalanga ye-Afrika yaseJalimane
- 1908 Umbuso waseBhelijiyamu utsatsa iKhongo ku-Leopold
Speaker notes
Sebentisa lesilayidi kucinisa kulandzelana kwetentakalo ngaphambi kwekusuka 'ekwehlukaniseni' uye 'ekwaleni'. Cela bafundzi kuphawula kutsi kwala (i-Adwa, ema-Herero nema-Nama, iMaji Maji) kweta ngekushesha ngemuva kwekunqotjwa - ema-Afrika akazange nje avume kubuswa kwemakoloni. Tilayidi letilandzelako titobheka lekwala.
Kulo lonkhe lizwekazi, imiphakatsi yase-Afrika yalwa nekutsatfwa kwemakoloni ngetindlela letiningi letehlukene.
Kubusa kwemakoloni akuzange kwemukelwe ngekuthula. Labanye baholi base-Afrika balwa timphi tekwala, labanye basebentisa budiplomathi netivumelwane kuvikela bantfu babo, kanti bantfu labaningi labatolokoco balwa ngekuncanda kusebenta (i-strike), kwala kukhokha intsela nekugcina emasiko abo aphila.
- Kwala ngetikhali: imibuso nemiphakatsi yatsatsa tikhali kulwa nemabutfo lahlaselako.
- Kwala ngebudiplomathi: labanye baholi babhungatelana kwehlisa kumbe kunciphisa kulawula kwema-Yurophu.
- Kwala kwansuku tonkhe: bantfu balwa ngekubhikisha, kungabambisani nemasiko.
Speaker notes
Yandzisa sitfombe sebafundzi ngekwala ngale kwetimphi letatiwako. Kwala kwakufaka hhayi imphi kuphela kepha nebudiplomathi, kwala kukhokha intsela, kufuduka kanye nekusindza kwemasiko. Gcizelela kutsi kwala kwakusakateke kabanti nome timphi letiningi tetikhali tagcina tinqotjwa yimikhono lengetulu yema-Yurophu - tilayidi letimbili letilandzelako tiniketa tibonelo letitsatfwe ngempela.
I-Ethiyophiya yanqoba libutfo lase-Italiya lelalihlasela futsi yagcina inkhululeko yayo.
Ngo-1896, i-Italiya yazama kunqoba i-Ethiyophiya. Umbusi Menelik II wahlanganisa emabutfo ase-Ethiyophiya futsi, eMphini yase-Adwa ngamhla ka-1 Mashi 1896, wanqoba libutfo lase-Italiya ngendlela lecondze. I-Ethiyophiya yasala ingumunye wemave ambalwa ase-Afrika lagcina inkhululeko yayo kulesikhatsi sekubangwa.
- Menelik II abakhe libutfo lelikhulu, lelinetikhali letinhle nelelihlangene.
- Kunqoba kwaphocelela i-Italiya kutsi ivume inkhululeko ye-Ethiyophiya.
- I-Adwa yaba luphawu lolutigatja lwekwala kwema-Afrika kulo lonkhe lizwekazi.
Speaker notes
I-Adwa ibalulekile ekulinganiseni: ikhombisa kutsi ema-Afrika akwati futsi anqoba emabutfo ase-Yurophu. Chaza kutsi kungani yaphumelela - kuhlangana ngaphansi kwa-Menelik II, tikhali tesimanje, nekwati umhlaba. Yagcugcutela iminyakazo yekulwa nemakoloni ngale kwe-Ethiyophiya. Yisebentise kuphika nome ngumbono wekutsi kunqoba kwema-Yurophu bekungenakuvikeleka.
Kuvukela lokukhulu lokubili kwekubusa kweJalimane kukhombisa kokubili sibindzi sekwala nendleko lesihluku.
eMphumalanga ye-Afrika yaseJalimane (German East Africa - lamuhla iTanzania), kuvukela kweMaji Maji (1905-1907) kwahlanganisa imiphakatsi leminingi kulwa nekuphocelelwa kulima ikotini nekubusa lokusihluku. eNingizimu Nshonalanga ye-Afrika yaseJalimane (German South West Africa - lamuhla iNamibia), ema-Herero nema-Nama avukela ngo-1904. Emabutfo aseJalimane awafohloza omabili, futsi indlela lawaphatsa ngayo ema-Herero nema-Nama namuhla yatiwa njengelinye lemabhubhiso ekwcala (genocide) elikhulwini leminyaka lese-20.
- IMaji Maji yahlanganisa emacembu lehlukene kulwa nesitsa sinye.
- Ema-Herero nema-Nama aphocelelwa aya ehlane futsi abulawa ngetinombolo letinkhulu.
- Letentakalo tikhombisa kokubili emandla ekwala nesihluku sekubusa kwemakoloni.
Speaker notes
Phatsa lesilayidi ngekunakekela - siphatselene nekubulala labanyenti. Ku-Libanga 8, chaza libhubhiso ngeliciniso kepha ubalekele imininingwane lesabekisako. Gcizelela imicondvo lemibili: sibindzi nekuhlangana kwekwala (ikakhulu iMaji Maji lehlanganisa emacembu lamanyenti), nemiphumela lesabekayo emandla emakoloni abetimisele kubeka. Lena yindzaba lebucayi, lecatimako lekwatisa ingcoco lehlonipha lengcikile ekilasini. Tinombolo tebantfu labalimalako tiyahluka emkhatsini wemitfombo.
Kwehlukaniswa kwe-Afrika kwaguciula lizwekazi ngetindlela letisezwakalako naku-nyalo.
Ngo-1914 cishe yonkhe i-Afrika beyingaphansi kwekulawula kwema-Yurophu. Bantfu base-Afrika balahlekelwa yinkhululeko nemhlaba wabo, futsi imnotfo yemakoloni yakhelwa kusebentela i-Yurophu. Imincele leyadvwetjwa eBherlini yasika imiphakatsi futsi yaba yimincele yemave lamanyenti ase-Afrika langcala.
- Ema-Afrika alahlekelwa yinkhululeko yetembusave nekulawula imithombo yawo.
- Imincele yemakoloni ayinaki imiphakatsi yase-Afrika futsi isabangela kungezwani naku-nyalo.
- Umzabalazo wekulwa nekubusa kwemakoloni wawutokhula ube yiminyakazo yenkhululeko yelikhulu leminyaka lese-20.
Speaker notes
Hlanganisa esikhatsi lesidlulile nekwanyalo: iningi lemincele ye-Afrika langcala, kanye netinye tingcaba tayo, tibuyela emidvwabeni ledvwetjwe ngema-Yurophu langakaze anyatsele kuletindzawo. Phetsa ngekuchubeka nekuguculuka - kwala kwabo-1890 nabo-1900 kwabeka sisekelo seminyakazo yenkhululeko labafundzi labatoyifundza ngemuva. Endzabeni yaseNingizimu Afrika, hlanganisa nekutsi kulawula kwemakoloni nebahlali kwaguciula kanjani indlela leya eBunyeni (Union) nase-apartheid.
Kubangwa kwe-Afrika bekukunqotjwa ngekushesha kwe-Afrika ngema-Yurophu - lokwaliwa ngesibindzi, ngemiphumela lesabalulekile naku-nyalo.
Cishe esizukulwaneni sinye, emandla ase-Yurophu ehlukanisa anqoba cishe yonkhe i-Afrika, avumelana ngemitsetfo emkhatsini wawo eSigungwini saseBherlini sango-1884-1885 kube ususa ema-Afrika ngalokuphelele. Ema-Afrika alwa ngemphi, ngebudiplomathi nangekwala kwansuku tonkhe - anqoba e-Adwa avukela kuMaji Maji nasekubuseni kweJalimane - kepha lamanyenti anqotjwa yimikhono lengetulu, ashiya imiphumela lejulile nlehlalako.
Q. Chaza tizatfu letimbili tekutsi kungani emave ase-Yurophu abefuna kwenta i-Afrika likoloni ekupheleni kwelikhulu leminyaka lese-19. (4 marks)
Q. Kungani iSigungu saseBherlini sango-1884-1885 sibonwa njengesikhatsi sekuguciuka lesibalulekile? Bhekisa kulabo lababekhona nalabo labasalwa ngaphandle. (6 marks)
Q. Chaza sibonelo sinye sekwala kwema-Afrika ekubuseni kwemakoloni futsi uchaze kutsi sisikhombisani. (4 marks)
Speaker notes
Sebentisa lemibuto lemitsatfu njengemsebenti lobhaliwe kumbe ingcoco yelikilasi; kwabiwa kwemamaki kulingisa tindlela te-CAPS letisekelwe emtfonjeni netekubhala lokwentiwe kabanti. Khumbuta bafundzi ngekulingana kulesihloko: kunqoba kwema-Yurophu bekusheshako futsi kwakuvame kuba sihluku, kepha ema-Afrika abengumzabalazo losebentako lowala ngetindlela letiningi. Loku kubeka tifundvo letitako ngenkhululeko yema-Afrika yelikhulu leminyaka lese-20 nangendlela yaseNingizimu Afrika ngeBunye (Union) nase-apartheid.
- Grade
- Grade 8
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- The Scramble for Africa: late 19th century
- Resource type
- Presentation