Buveluzwe: iNingizimu Afrika, iMphumalanga Lesemkhatsini ne-Afrika
Kucatsanisa timhlangano letine tebuveluzwe - buveluzwe be-Afrikaner nebe-Afrika eNingizimu Afrika, kanye ne-Zionism nebuveluzwe bema-Arab eMphumalanga Lesemkhatsini - kute sibute kutsi buveluzwe bungabahlanganisa njani bantfu kodvwa buphindze buhlukanise umhlaba.
Speaker notes
Beka yonkhe le nchubo njengekufundza lokucatsanisako, hhayi tindzaba letine letehlukene. Sho umbuto lomkhulu welembali: kungani buveluzwe - emandla lanika bantfu bunikati, ligcabho nenkhululeko - buvame kukhicita kukhandzelwa nekushayisana? Beka luhlaka: kucala sichaze buveluzwe, bese sihlola timo letimbili taseNingizimu Afrika (Afrikaner ne-Afrika), bese timo letimbili teMphumalanga Lesemkhatsini (Zionism nema-Arab), sicatsanisa nasihamba. Khumbuta bafundzi kutsi lenye yalembali iyaphikiswa kakhulu futsi isesenemizwa lamuhla, ngako siphatsa imitfombo ngekugcibelela nangenhlonipho.
Yini buveluzwe?
Buveluzwe kukholelwa kutsi licembu labantfu labahlanganyela bunikati bakha 'sizwe' lesifanele sibe nembuso waso, kwetsembeka nekutibusa.
Sizwe kungumphakatsi locatelawe: emalunga aso ngeke ahlangane nebanyenti bakubo, kodvwa avele acabange kutsi ahlangene. Buveluzwe buguculela lowo mizwa ube sicelo sepolitiki - ilungelo lekutibusa ngembuso waso.
Bo-mlando bavame kwehlukanisa tinhlobo letimbili. Buveluzwe bebuve (civic nationalism) buchaza sizwe ngekwebunikati bekuba sakhamuti, imitsetfo netimiso, ngako nome ngubani angajoyina. Buveluzwe belusendvo (ethnic nationalism) busichaza ngekwesizukulwane, lulwimi, inkholo nome emasiko lokungakhandzela labangaphandle. Timhlangano letinyenti tangempela tihlanganisa tobabili.
- Buvame kusekelwa elulwimini lolufananako, enkholweni, embalini nome emzweni wesizukulwane lesifananako.
- Buvame kuvuselelwa nome bucine ngekukhalaza lokufananako - kwehlulwa, buphuya, kucwaswa nome kubuswa ngebetive.
- Bakha bunye ngekuchaza 'tsina', kodvwa ngekwenta njalo buphindze buchaze 'bona'.
Speaker notes
Nika bafundzi sigcambi sekuhlatiya labatawusisebentisa kuyo yonkhe le nchubo: sizwe, buveluzwe, kutibusa, buveluzwe bebuve nakuqhatsaniswa nalobelusendvo, kanye nemcondvo wa-Benedict Anderson wemphakatsi 'locatelawe'. Gcizelela kutsi buveluzwe akusibo bubi nome buhle nje - baqhuba inkhululeko yekulwa nebukoloni buphindze baqhuba kukhandzelwa ne-apartheid. Likhono lelifundziswako kucatsanisa: umcondvo lofananako, kepha etimeni letehlukene.
Imibuto lesihlanu yekubuta ngayo yonkhe buveluzwe
Sebentisa luhlaka lolufananako kuyo yonkhe imhlangano kute ukwati kuticatsanisa ngekulinganako.
Ngubani?
Ngubani lobalwa njengelunga lesizwe - futsi ngubani loshiywe ngaphandle?
Kungani nyalo?
Sikhalo nome inkinga lenjani leyavuselela le mhlangano?
Njani?
Baholi babahlanganisa njani bantfu - emasiko, inkholo, tinhlangano, nome umkhankhaso wesive?
Umhlaba?
Nguwuphi umhlaba lababewubanga, futsi ngubani lomunye lowawubanga?
Umphumela?
Baletsa yini inkhululeko, kubusa, kushayisana - nome konkhe kokutsatfu?
Speaker notes
Loku luhlaka lwekucatsanisa bafundzi lekufanele balusebentise kuloku kulandzelana: buveluzwe be-Afrikaner, buveluzwe be-Afrika, Zionism nebuveluzwe bema-Arab. Bakhutsate kutsi bagcine igridi yekucatsanisa emabhukwini abo lenaleti tikhombo letisihlanu. Veta kutsi umbuto 'Umhlaba?' ngulapho tifundvo letimbili tiba butsakatsaka: kokubili eNingizimu Afrika nase-Israel/Palestine, buveluzwe lobubili babanga umhlaba lofananako.
Buveluzwe be-Afrikaner: kwehlulwa, buphuya nekuvuseleleka
Buveluzwe be-Afrikaner bavela ekuhlazekeni eMphini yaseNingizimu Afrika (1899-1902) nasebuphuyeni lababubhekana nabo bo-Afrikaner labanyenti ngemuva kwaloko.
Kwehlulwa yiBritish, kufa kwabomake nebantfwana emakampeni ekuhlangana (concentration camps), nekulahlekelwa ngemarepublic emaBhunu, kwashiya bo-Afrikaner labanyenti bativa kutsi volk yabo (bantfu) isengotini. Emashumini eminyaka lalandzelako tinkhulungwane letinyenti taba 'labamhlophe labaphuyile', badvutjulwa emhlabeni bayohlala emadolobheni.
Baholi basebentisa lulwimi, inkholo nembali kute bakhe kabusha ligcabho. LesiAfrikaans sabekwa saphindze sakhutsatwa; iSonto laMabhunu (Dutch Reformed Church) lagcizelela bo-Afrikaner njengebantfu labakhetsiwe; futsi indzaba yeGreat Trek yaba yindzaba yekusungulwa yebantfu labalwela inkhululeko.
- I-Afrikaner Broederbond (yasungulwa nga-1918) yakha inethiwekhi leyimfihlo yekuphakamisa tintfo tebo-Afrikaner kupolitiki, kubhizinisi nasemasikweni.
- Tinhlangano temasiko ne-1938 sikhumbuto seminyaka lelikhulu seGreat Trek tavusa umizwa wesive.
- I-National Party yangenisa lobu bunikati emkhankhasweni wekutfola emandla embuso.
Speaker notes
Chaza kutsi umizwa wekuba sisulu waguculwa waba luhlelo lwepolitiki njani. Indlela lesemcoka: kukhalaza (kwehlulwa, buphuya balabamhlophe labaphuyile) kuhlangana nekuhlanganiswa kwemasiko (lulwimi, isonto, indzaba yembali, i-Broederbond) kulingana nemhlangano wesive. Sikhumbuto seminyaka lelikhulu seGreat Trek nga-1938 sibonelo lesihle senkambiso leyakhelwe. [SME] Phatsa inkhumbulo yemakampeni ekuhlangana ngekugcibelela nangeliciniso; ingokwembali yangempela futsi yasetjentiswa ngekwepolitiki muva. Veta kutsi lobu buveluzwe belusendvo lobuchazwa ngesizukulwane, lulwimi nenkholo.
1948: Buveluzwe be-Afrikaner butfola umbuso
Nga-1948 i-National Party yatfola emandla yaphindze yaguculela buveluzwe be-Afrikaner buba yinchubomgomo lesemtsetfweni ye-apartheid.
Iholwa ngu-D.F. Malan, i-National Party yawina lukhetfo lwa-1948 lwalabamhlophe kuphela ngesetsembiso se-apartheid ('kwehlukaniswa'). Buveluzwe be-Afrikaner nyalo babusa umbuso babusebentisa kuvikela imisebenti, lulwimi nemandla ebo-Afrikaner - nekugcizelela kubusa kwalabamhlophe phezu kwenyenti lemnyama.
- Umbuso wandzisa imfundvo yesiAfrikaans, insimbi yemsebenti wesive netimboni tembuso kute uphakamise bo-Afrikaner.
- Imitsetfo ye-apartheid yehlukanisa bantfu ngebuhlanga yaphindze yagodla emandla nemalungelo alabamhlophe.
- Lesi simo sebuveluzwe lobatfola kutibusa kwelicembu linye ngekulenqabela kulamanye.
Speaker notes
Dweba umbono wekuhlatiya ngekucacile: buveluzwe be-Afrikaner 'baphumelela' nga-1948, kodvwa kuphumelela kwabo bekukucindzeteleka kwalabanye bantfu. Loku kwakha kushayisana ngco nebuveluzwe be-Afrika. Xhumanisa emuva eluhlakeni: Ngubani lowafakwa? (Bo-Afrikaner, bese kuba labamhlophe.) Ngubani lowakhandzelwa? (Inyenti lemnyama.) Veta kutsi i-apartheid ngokhulu bekuluhlelo lwekwenta imisebenti nekuphakamisa bo-Afrikaner labaphuyile, lokusita kuchaza kutsi kwatsandvwa njani ngumphakatsi wabo.
Buveluzwe be-Afrika: bunye ekumelaneni nekukhandzelwa
Buveluzwe be-Afrika bakhula ngekumelana nekunconywa, kulahlekelwa kwemhlaba nekukhandzelwa embusweni lohlanganisiwe waseNingizimu Afrika (Union of South Africa) lowasungulwa nga-1910.
I-Union of South Africa (1910) yahlanganisa labamhlophe kodvwa yavala bantfu base-Afrika ngaphandle kwemandla epolitiki. Nga-1912 baholi base-Afrika labafundzile basungula iSouth African Native National Congress - leyacinwa yabitwa ngekutsi iAfrican National Congress (ANC) nga-1923 - kute bahlanganise bantfu base-Afrika ngekwelusendvo nangekwetifundza baphindze bafune emalungelo esizweni sinye lesifananako.
Umtsetfo Wemhlaba Wabomdzabu wa-1913 (1913 Natives Land Act), lowagcina inyenti yemhlaba welive kubomhlophe, wakhombisa kutsi kungani bunye bebubalulekile. Buveluzwe be-Afrika ekucaleni bebumelele: babusebentisa ticelo, tidebutheshini nemtsetfo kute bacele kufakwa.
- Bahlose kwehlula kwehlukana kwelusendvo baphindze bakhe sizwe sinye sase-Afrika, bese muva sizwe sase-Ningizimu Afrika lesingakhetsi buhlanga.
- Bachaza sizwe ngekwebunikati bekuba sakhamuti nemalungelo - umbono lomukhulu wesive (civic).
- Tindlela tabo tekucala betilandzela umtsetfo; kudzinwa kwaba kubaqhubela emkhankhasweni wesive muva.
Speaker notes
Catsanisa umcondvo wekusungulwa nebuveluzwe be-Afrikaner: buveluzwe be-Afrika bebufuna kwakha bunye kumacembu lamanyenti elusendvo lwase-Afrika (emaZulu, emaXhosa, baSotho nalabanye) khona kanye kute bamelane nembuso lowawubakhandzela. Gcizelela umbono lomukhulu wesive nalowufakako - i-ANC ekugcineni yayasa ekungakhetsini buhlanga. Veta lenchubekelaphambili le nchubo lehlala ibuyela kuyo: buveluzwe lobubili baseNingizimu Afrika, lobunye bufuna kubusa, lobunye bufuna kufakwa, bushayisana ngemhlaba lofananako.
Sitfukulwane lesisha: iANC Youth League
Ngema-1940s sitfukulwane lesincane safuna buveluzwe be-Afrika lobunemandla, lobusekelwe esiveni.
Badzinwe ngemashumi eminyaka eticeluleni letimnene, baholi labancane basungula iANC Youth League nga-1944. Mengameli wayo wekucala, Anton Lembede, wagcizelela kutsi bantfu base-Afrika kufanele batikhulule ngeligcabho, kutetsemba nekuhlelwa kwesive esikhundleni sekulindzela umusa walabamhlophe.
Africa is a black man's country... Africans are one. Out of the heterogeneous tribes there must emerge a homogeneous nation. Anton Lembede, 'Some Basic Principles of African Nationalism', 1945
- Luhlelo Lwekwenta lwa-1949 lweYouth League lwemukela imikhankhaso yekuyekela umsebenti, kuboycotta nekungahloniphi umtsetfo ngenhloso.
- Bantfu labanjenga-Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu na-Oliver Tambo bakhula kulawo malunga.
- Lobu buveluzwe be-Afrika lobunetsembako baqhuba umlweluvo lomkhulu wekumelana ne-apartheid ngema-1950s.
Speaker notes
Sebentisa lamazwi ka-Lembede kukhombisa inhlitiyo yemizwa yebuveluzwe be-Afrika - kutetsemba nebunye ngekwehlukana kwelusendvo - kanti futsi uveta kutsi indlela lesemcoka ye-ANC nayo yayasa ekungakhetsini buhlanga (muva iFreedom Charter). [SME] Africanism ka-Lembede bekuncenye linye; i-ANC bekunengxoxo phakatsi kwe-Africanism levalako ne-non-racialism lefakako, lokwagcina kukhandza kuphuma kwe-PAC (1959). Gcina umehluko: buveluzwe be-Afrika bekungabodvwana. Xhumanisa embili: lesi sitfukulwane siholela iDefiance Campaign leyembekwa eLibanga 9.
Buveluzwe lobubili, live linye
Buveluzwe be-Afrikaner nebe-Afrika bakhula ndzawonye, ngulinye libumba lelinye.
Speaker notes
Yima lapha ngekwentela kucatsaniswa lokuhleliwe. Bute bafundzi kutsi bakhombe kufana (kokubili basebentisa umlando, emasiko nekuhlelwa kube bahlanganise bantfu; kokubili bafuna kutibusa) nekwehluka (lobunye buvalako futsi bubusa, lobunye bufakako futsi bukhandzelwe). Gcizelela kusebentisana: kucindzetelwa yibuveluzwe be-Afrikaner kwavuselela buveluzwe be-Afrika, kanti kumelana kwabase-Afrika kwacinisa buveluzwe be-Afrikaner. Loku kubumbana kokubili kwumbono lomkhulu wesigaba se-FET.
Zionism: likhaya lebantfu bemaJuda
I-Zionism bekungumhlangano webuveluzwe lowawubita likhaya lemaJuda, ngokhulu ngekumelana nemakhulukhulu eminyaka yekuhlushwa e-Europe.
Babhekene nenzondo yemaJuda lenelundlela - kubulawa e-Russian Empire ne-Dreyfus Affair eFrance - Theodor Herzl wagcizelela ku-The Jewish State (1896) kutsi emaJuda atawuphepha kuphela nakanembuso wawo. IFirst Zionist Congress yahlangana eBasel nga-1897, kanti nekufuduka kwemaJuda kuya ePalestine kwakhula.
Ku-Balfour Declaration (1917) iBritain yamemetela kwesekela 'likhaya lesive lebantfu bemaJuda' ePalestine - live lelalinebantfu labanyenti bema-Arab ngaleso sikhatsi. IBritain yabusa iPalestine ngaphansi kwemandla eLeague of Nations ngemuva kwa-1920, kanti kuqhubukushana phakatsi kwemiphakatsi yemaJuda nema-Arab kwakhula.
- I-Zionism yahlanganisa bunikati belusendvo nenkholo nesicelo lesisha sekutibusa embusweni.
- Yaqhutjwa kuhlushwa kwangempela nalokubulalako, kakhulukati iHolocaust ya-1941-1945.
- Kodvwa umhlaba lababewubanga bebuvele buyilikhaya lebantfu bema-Arab labebanemzwa wesive wabo.
Speaker notes
Beka i-Zionism njengekumelana nekuhlushwa kwangempela, lokubulalako, lokwagcina ngeHolocaust - bafundzi kufanele bacondze kutsi kungani emaJuda lamanyenti agcina abona kutsi adzinga umbuso wawo. Ngesikhatsi lesifananako, coca ngeliciniso kutsi iPalestine yayivele inebantfu, kakhulukati bema-Arab, ngako lomhlaba lofananako bewunetimbango letimbili. [SME] Lena yimbali lenetimbango kakhulu; hlala emaciniseni levunyelwana ngawo (Herzl, Basel 1897, Balfour 1917, British Mandate) ungabambi luhlangotsi. Fanekisa kugcibela kwemtfombo: iBalfour Declaration yaphindze yetsembisa kungoni emalungelo 'emiphakatsi lengesiyo yemaJuda leseyikhona'.
1948: inkhululeko nenhlekelele
Sento sinye sa-1948 sikhunjulwa ngetive letimbili ngetindlela letiphambene.
Ngemuva kweHolocaust nekukhula kwekushayisana, i-United Nations yavota nga-1947 kwehlukanisa iPalestine ibe ngumbuso wemaJuda nembuso wema-Arab. Nga-14 May 1948 baholi bemaJuda bamemetela iState of Israel. Impi netive tema-Arab letakhelene yalandzela ngekushesha.
EmaIsrael akhumbula 1948 njengeMphi Yenkhululeko yawo (War of Independence) - kutfolakala kwelikhaya lelivikelekile. EmaPalestine ayikhumbula njengeNakba ('inhlekelele'): kulinganiselwa bantfu bema-Arab base-Palestine labangu-700 000 babaleka nome badvutjulwa futsi babengavunyelwa kubuyela. Live linye, tive letimbili, tinkhumbulo letimbili letingahlanganiseki.
- Kusive sinye, 1948 kwakusho kutibusa nekusindza.
- Kulesinye, kwakusho kudlakatwa nekudingiswa.
- Lokushayisana lokungakalungiswa kusabumba iMphumalanga Lesemkhatsini nalamuhla.
Speaker notes
Lesi yiselayidi lesinetimbango kakhulu ku-deck; sifundzise njengesifundvo ngembono nangenkhumbulo yembali. Beka onkhe emabito a-1948 eceleni kwamunye ngaphandle kwekuwahlela, sebentisa lulwimi lwekutsi 'kukhunjulwa njenge'. [SME] Tinombolo netimbangela tekuhamba kwemaPalestine tiyaphikiswa ngempela ngebo-mlando (kubaleka vs kudvutjulwa); beka linani leli-700,000 njengelilinganiselo bese uveta ingxoxo. Inhloso yekufundzisa kuvelana nekugcibela kwemtfombo: sento sinye lesinelisuku sikhicita tindzaba letimbili tesive. Mema ingxoxo lethulile, lenenhlonipho, ubeke imitsetfo kucala.
Buveluzwe bema-Arab: bunye nenkhululeko
Buveluzwe bema-Arab bafuna kukhulula bantfu labakhuluma lulwimi lwesiArab kubetive, kanti kulabanye, kubahlanganisa babe sizwe sinye.
Njengoba i-Ottoman Empire yawa ngemuva kweMphi Yelive Yekucala, emave ema-Arab ehlukaniswa aba ngaphansi kwemandla eBritish neFrench. Bahlanganyeli bema-Arab babengayitsandzi lena kulawulwa kwebetive nemincele leyadwetjwa ngemaEurophu, baphindze bamelana ngalokukhulako nekuhlaliswa kwe-Zionist ePalestine.
Umhlangano waphakama ngaphansi kwa-Gamal Abdel Nasser wase-Egypt. Ngesikhatsi Nasser atsatsa iSuez Canal ibe ngumbuso wesive nga-1956 futsi wamelana nekuhlaselwa yiBritish, iFrench ne-Israel, waba liqhawe kuwo onkhe umhlaba wema-Arab nesibonakaliso setimhlangano tekumelana nebukoloni kuyo yonkhe i-Afrika ne-Asia.
- Bakhelwe elulwimini lolufananako lwesiArab, emasiko nekumaningi i-Islam.
- I-Pan-Arabism yaphupha kuhlanganisa onkhe ema-Arab, yahlanganisa i-Egypt neSyria kancane nga-1958.
- Bebumelana kakhulu nebukoloni futsi bavuselela imilweluvo yenkhululeko yase-Afrika.
Speaker notes
Khombisa buveluzwe bema-Arab njengalomunye umhlangano wekumelana nebukoloni, lokuxhumanisa simo seMphumalanga Lesemkhatsini nebe-Afrika (sihloko se-CAPS sifaka kokubili). Nasser neSuez 1956 kuyindzawo yekugcina: emandla lamancane lamelana nebabusi bekoloni bekudzala kwavusa umhlaba lokhululekako, kufaka i-Afrika lengaphansi kweSahara. Veta kuphambana kwangekhatsi kwebuveluzwe bema-Arab phakatsi kwebunye bema-Arab netive letihlukene, nekutsi kumelana ne-Zionism bekunye kwetimbangela tekuhlanganisa. Xhumanisa emandla ekumelana nebukoloni nebuveluzwe be-Afrika lobebufundziwe ngaphambili.
Buveluzwe lobubili, umhlaba munye
NjengeNingizimu Afrika, iMphumalanga Lesemkhatsini yabona buveluzwe lobubili bubanga umhlaba lofananako.
Speaker notes
Wenta lomunye umkhankhaso wekucatsanisa njengeselayidi laseNingizimu Afrika. Bese wenta kuxhumana kwetimo kucace: kokubili iNingizimu Afrika nePalestine tikhombisa buveluzwe lobubili bushayisana ngemhlaba munye, bukhicita kushayisana lokudze, lokubuhlungu. Bute bafundzi kutsi bacatsanise hhayi nje Zionism vs buveluzwe bema-Arab, kepha nebuveluzwe be-Afrikaner vs Zionism (bobubili bunyenti lelincane lefuna kuvikeleka nekubusa) nebuveluzwe be-Afrika vs buveluzwe bema-Arab (bobubili timhlangano tesive letimelana nebukoloni). Lokucatsaniswa kwetindlela letine ngiko khona kucabanga lokusetulu i-CAPS lekunikako emamaki.
Buveluzwe: emandla lahlanganisa aphindze ehlukanise
Kuto tonkhe timo letine, buveluzwe banika bantfu bunikati nenkhululeko - buphindze badweba imidvwa leyaholela ekushayisaneni.
- 1897 IFirst Zionist Congress, eBasel
- 1912 ISANNC (muva iANC) yasungulwa eNingizimu Afrika
- 1917 IBalfour Declaration ngelikhaya lesive lemaJuda
- 1918 I-Afrikaner Broederbond yasungulwa
- 1944 IANC Youth League ivuselela buveluzwe be-Afrika
- 1948 I-National Party iwina emandla; iState of Israel iyamemetelwa / iNakba
- 1956 Nasser neSuez Crisis: kuphakama kwebuveluzwe bema-Arab
Speaker notes
Hlanganisa ngale layini yesikhatsi lehlanganisiwe kute bafundzi babone timhlangano letine tichubeka ngesikhatsi sinye, tibumbana (kumelana nebukoloni kwasakata imicondvo kuyo yonkhe imincele). Dweba umbono lophetsako: buveluzwe emandla lanetigelekeco letimbili - baqhuba inkhululeko kubukoloni ne-apartheid, kepha lapho tive letimbili betibanga umhlaba munye baletsa kudlakatwa nekushayisana lokuhlala njalo. Veta 1948 njengemnyaka lohlukile lovela etifundvweni letimbili ngasikhatsi sinye.
Bukezela: kucatsanisa buveluzwe
Sebentisa luhlaka lwemibuto lesihlanu netincatsaniso kute uphendvule imibuto lengentansi.
Kulesi sifundvo sichaze buveluzwe, sehlukanisa buveluzwe bebuve (civic) kulobelusendvo (ethnic), saphindze sacatsanisa timhlangano letine: buveluzwe be-Afrikaner nalobe-Afrika eNingizimu Afrika, kanye ne-Zionism nebuveluzwe bema-Arab eMphumalanga Lesemkhatsini. Etifundzeni letimbili buveluzwe lobubili babanga umhlaba lofananako, ngemiphumela lefinyelela khashane.
Q. Chaza umehluko phakatsi kwebuveluzwe bebuve (civic) nalobelusendvo (ethnic), usebentisa sibonelo SINYE saseNingizimu Afrika nesibonelo SINYE seMphumalanga Lesemkhatsini. (6 marks)
Q. Catsanisa timvelaphi tebuveluzwe be-Afrikaner nebuveluzwe be-Afrika. Khuluma ngekungenani kufana lokubili nekwehluka lokubili. (8 marks)
Q. 'Tento ta-1948 tasho inkhululeko kusive sinye nekulahlekelwa kulesinye.' Usebentisa sibonelo saseNingizimu Afrika NOME sema-Israel-Palestine, khuluma ngekutsi sikhatsi sinye sembali singakhunjulwa njani ngetindlela letiphambene. (6 marks)
Speaker notes
Sebentisa lemibuto lemitsatfu njengemsebenti lobhaliwe nome ingxoxo yeklasi lehleliwe; kwabiwa kwemamaki kulingisa tindlela te-CAPS tekubhala lokwendlaliwe nalokusekelwe emtfonjeni. Umbuto 3 uhlola ngekusobala likhono lekucondza inkhumbulo lenetimbango nembono, lokusemcoka kulesi sihloko. Khumbuta bafundzi kutsi baphikise ngebufakazi bameleluhlangotsi ngekulinganako. [SME] Ngaphambi kwekuhlola imnininingwane ye-Israel/Palestine, cinisekisa kutsi sicondziso selithiko sekufundzisa lesi sihloko lesinetimbango silandzelwe nekutsi kunikwe imitfombo leyehlukene.
- Grade
- Grade 11
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- Nationalisms: South Africa, the Middle East and Africa
- Resource type
- Presentation