IMfecane/Difaqane, kuvela kwembuso wemaZulu ngaphansi kwaShaka, kanye nekwakhiwa kabusha kwetepolitiki kuyo yonkhe indzawo.
Speaker notes
Cala ngekucondzisa bafundzi ngesikhatsi nangendzawo: 'ngemuva kwa-1750' kusho emashumi eminyaka ngaphambi nangesikhatsi sekucala kwabo-1800 ekhatsi enarhweni nasogwini lwasemphumalanga lwaloku lokumanje kuyiNingizimu Afrika, iLesotho, i-eSwatini, iMozambique neZimbabwe. Bonisa tintsambo letintsatfu: (1) sikhatsi sesiphithiphithi lesibitwa ngeMfecane (emaNguni) noma iDifaqane/Lifaqane (emaSotho-Tswana), (2) kuvela kwembuso wemaZulu lonemandla lohleleke kahle, (3) nendlela bantfu bomakhelwane labaphucwa noma bakha ngayo imibuso lemisha ngenca yaloku. Gcizelela kutsi lesi sikhatsi baholi bemlandvo basaphikisana ngaso kakhulu.
Ngasekupheleni kwabo-1700 lendzawo yayinetikhulu letinyenti taseAfrika letatitimele - hhayi umhlaba longenamuntfu lolindzele kuhlaliswa.
Eceleni kwasogwini lolunemvula lwasemphumalanga bekuhlala tikhulu letikhuluma lulwimi lwesiNguni; ehlanteni lelisemaphakadze bekuhlala emaSotho-Tswana. Iningi bekungebalimi labaxubile lababefuya tinkhomo, balime amabele nemmbila, futsi bahleleke baba tikhulu tebukhulu lobehlukene.
- Tinkhomo betiyimcebo, sikhundla nesisekelo sekwetsembeka kwetepolitiki.
- Kuhwebelana ngedendletane netinkhomo bekuhlanganisa ekhatsi nechweba lemaPutukezi eDelagoa Bay (iMaputo).
- Kwandza kwebantfu kwasho kuncintisana lokukhulu ngemhlaba, emanti nemadlelo.
Speaker notes
Lungisa inganekwane yakadzeni yekutsi ekhatsi 'bekungenamuntfu': lena bekuyindzawo lehlaliwe, lekhicitako lenetinhlelo tetepolitiki letimisiwe. Gcizelela tinkhomo njengesisekelo semnotfo netepolitiki - emandla asikhulu abeme etinkhombeni nakubalandzeli letatibadvonsa. Khombisa kutfutfumala lokwakhula (kwandza kwebantfu, kuncintisana ngemadlelo, kuncintisana ngekuhweba) ngoba loku kudlulela ngco engcocweni ngetimbangela teMfecane emaslayidini lalandzelako.
Sikhatsi setimphi letisabalele, kufuduka nelutjintjo lwetepolitiki ekucaleni kweliJarget lekhulu.
IMfecane ligama lesiNguni lelivamise kuhunyushwa ngekutsi 'kuhlifita' noma 'kuhlakateka'; iDifaqane (noma Lifaqane) ligama lemaSotho-Tswana lelisho leso siphithiphithi lesifananako, levamise kubalwa cishe kusukela nga-1815 kuya ku-1840. Tikhulu tatilwa, tihlakatwe futsi tiphindze tibumbeke kabusha, banyenti bantfu labaphucwa.
- Tikhulu letincane tamitfwa ngemibuso lemikhulu, lehleleke kahle.
- Bababaleki bahamba ehlanteni, baphazamisa imiphakatsi lekhashane nasogwini.
- Imibuso lemisha lefana neyemaZulu, emaNdebele, emaSotho, emaSwazi neyeGaza yabumbeka.
Speaker notes
Nika bafundzi omabili emagama futsi ubagcizelele kuwasebentisa ndzawonye - lamagama mabili akhombisa imibono yetinhlanga letehlukene tetilimi letatibona lena mikhuba lefanako. Chaza inchubo, hhayi ligama nje kuphela: kuhlangana (tinceku letinyenti letincane tiba mbalwa letinkhulu), kufuduka nekwakhiwa kwemibuso. Yala kutsi tinsuku netibalo tekufa tiyaphikiswa, loku kulungiselela islayidi selomlandvo wekubhala kamuva.
Baholi bemlandvo bayaphikisana ngetimbangela. Imphendvulo lenhle ilinganisa titsatfu letinyenti kunekusola muntfu munye.
Imvelo
Kwandza kwebantfu nesomiso lesibi (lesikhunjulwa njengendlala yaMadlathule) kwakhulisa kuncintisana ngemhlaba nemadlelo.
Kuhweba
Kuncintisana ngekulawula kuhweba kwedendletane netinkhomo eDelagoa Bay kwakhutsata tikhulu kutsi takhe imibuso lemikhulu, lenetemphi.
Tepolitiki
Baholi labanentshisekelo lefana noDingiswayo naShaka bahlanganisa emandla, bamitsa bomakhelwane lababuthakatsaka ngekunca nangesivumelwane.
Kucindzetela lokuvela ngaphandle
Labanye baholi bemlandvo batsi kutfumba tigcili eDelagoa Bay nekufuna basebenti emngceleni waseKapa kwadala inyenti yalobudlova.
Speaker notes
Lena yinhlitiyo yekuhlaziya yalesihloko se-FET. Bonisa kucabanga ngetimbangela letinyenti: kute imbangela yinye leyanele. Yala kutsi tincwadzi tesikolo takadzeni betisola bulukhuni baShaka bodwa cishe ('umlandvo webantfu labakhulu'), kanti kufundza kwakamuva kugcizelela imvelo, kuhweba nekutfumba lokuvela ngaphandle. Likhadi lesine libonisa kuphikisana kwaCobbing lokusanhla kamuva. Khutsata bafundzi kutsi bahlele futsi bahlanganise timbangela kunekuwabala nje.
Ngaphambi kwaShaka, iNkhosi Dingiswayo yemaMthethwa yahlela kabusha indlela lamajaha lasebenta ngayo embusweni.
Dingiswayo wakha emaMthethwa aba ngemandla lalawulako emkhatsini wemaNguni asenyakatfo. Uhlotjaniswa nekuhlela emajaha aba emabutfo - emabutfo eminyaka labesebentela inkhosi - loku lokwakhulisa igunya lelisemkhatsini nemandla etemphi.
- Emabutfo abehlanganisa emadvodza ngeminyaka kunekuwahlela ngesibongo, awabophela enkhosini.
- Dingiswayo watsatsa Shaka losemncane wamvikela wamkhulisa.
- Ngemuva kwekubulawa kwaDingiswayo yimbangi, Shaka wamitsa emaMthethwa embusweni wemaZulu lokhulako.
Speaker notes
Beka Dingiswayo njengemuntfu welibhuloho khona bafundzi bangamphatsi Shaka njengalowasungula konkhe kusukela ekungeni - kuchubeka nelutjintjo. Luhlelo lwemabutfo yisikhungo lesibalulekile: ngekuhlela kwetsembeka etigcaweni teminyaka letisebentela inkhosi, tikhulu betingedlula kwehlukana kwetibongo tibe nemabutfo lahlelekile. Yala kutsi lokutsite kwemphilo yaDingiswayo kuvela ngeco elomlandvo lomlomo wakamuva futsi kufanele kuphatfwe ngekucaphela.
Kusukela cishe nga-1816 Shaka kaSenzangakhona wajika sikhulu lesincane saba ngumbuso lonemandla kakhulu kulendzawo.
Speaker notes
Chaza emasu ngekucacile: 'sifuba' sibopha sitsa kutsi emaphiko lamabili 'timphondvo' asitungelete, 'tinkalo' (imbadla lebekiwe) tilindze ngemuva, tivamise kubhekisa ngale khona tingalahli litsemba. Gcizelela kutsi lokuguqulwa bekusetepolitiki njengaseluhlangotsini lwetemphi - Shaka wamitsa bantfu labehluliwe ebeni lelisha lemaZulu, ngiko lembuso wachubeka ngemuva kwakhe. Phatsa Shaka ngekucaphela: gwema kumkhonta njengengelosi kanye nemhlolo wakadzeni lonebandlululo wekutsi bekayisidladla lesomele ingati; mvete njengemakhi wembuso lonekhono, longenaluvelo esikhatsini lesinedlova.
Umbuso waShaka wahlanganisa emandla, tinkhomo nebantfu ngaphansi kwenkhosi.
Umbuso wemaZulu wawulawula tinkhomo, umhlaba nemsebenti wemabutfo ngenkhosi. Loku kuhlanganisa emandla kwenta umbuso wcina, kodvwa futsi kwadala kutfutfumala. Nga-1828 Shaka wabulawa ngebomnakabo bakhe ngesitfupha Dingane naMhlangana; Dingane wandvusela esihlalweni.
- Emabutfo abengeke ashade inkhosi ize iwakhulule, agcina emadvodza asesebentini.
- Umnikelo wetinkhomo nekudla wawugelela enhlokodolobha yebukhosi.
- Ngaphansi kwaDingane umbuso masinyane wabhekana nesongo lelisha: emaVoortrekker eGreat Trek.
Speaker notes
Khombisa indlela kuhlanganisa emandla lokwaba yimbangela yemandla nekungataleki - kuhlanganisa emandla kumema imbango phezulu, ngiko kwabulawa. Bonisa kushayisana neGreat Trek (kubulawa kwaRetief neMpi yaseBlood River nga-1838) lekufundvwa ngayo nangalokugcwele bafundzi ngaphansi kwekwandza kwebukoloni. Gcina kugcile lapha ekusebenteni kwangekhatsi kwembuso wemaZulu kunetimphi tebahambi.
Emacembu labebaleka noma abehlukanisa etimphini atfwala siphithiphithi ekhatsi kwelizwe naphesheya.
Njengoba tikhulu tehluliwe noma tikhetsa kuhamba, baholi basungula imibuso lemisha kude nakwaZulu. Mzilikazi, lowake waba ngumphatsi waShaka, wehlukanisa wahola emaNdebele (emaMatabele) aya ehlanteni ekugcineni enyakatfo ngale kwaLimpopo aya kuloku lokumanje kuyiZimbabwe.
- EmaNdebele akaMzilikazi ahlasela futsi akha kabusha imiphakatsi yasehlanteni ngaphambi kutsi akhe eceleni kwaseBulawayo.
- Soshangane wasungula umbuso weGaza kuloku lokumanje kuseningizimu yeMozambique.
- Sobhuza I wahlanganisa bantfu enyakatfo kwakha inhlitiyo yembuso wemaSwazi.
Speaker notes
Sebentisa lesislayidi kukhombisa bukhulu: iMfecane/Difaqane bekungasiyo indzaba yemaZulu kuphela kodvwa bekuyindzaba yelutjintjo lwendzawo yonkhe lelufinyelela eZimbabwe naseMozambique. Cinisa kutsi inyenti yalokuhamba yakhicita imibuso lehlala njalo netinsimbi tetive tanamuhla. Caphela kuveta bantfu labaphucwa njengabantfu labasebentako labakha kabusha imiphakatsi yabo, hhayi njengetisulu letingasebenti.
Akusiwo onkhe emphendvulo abeyimphi - labanye baholi bakha kuphepha ngebudlelwano nekukhosela.
Ehlanteni Moshoeshoe I wahlanganisa bababaleki nemiphakatsi lesakatekile wakha sive lesisha semaSotho. Kusukela cishe nga-1824 wakha inqaba yakhe entabeni lesicabeni iThaba Bosiu, lekwakumelula kuyivikela etihlaselini.
- Wamitsa wavikela bantfu labebaleka iDifaqane, kwakhula kulandzelwa kwakhe.
- Wasebentisa budlelwano, kubolekisa ngetinkhomo netivumelwane temshado kanye nekuvikela.
- Umbuso lawusungula waba sisekelo saleLesotho lesitfola namuhla.
Speaker notes
Cabanisa lisu laMoshoeshoe nendlela yetemphi yaShaka - bobabili babengemakhi bembuso, kodvwa Moshoeshoe wancika kakhulu ebudlelwaneni, ekukhoseleni nasenqabeni yemvelo. Loku kunika bafundzi umfaniso wesibili webuholi futsi kukhombisa kutsi kuhlanganisa bekungaba kwekuvikela njengekuhlasela. Hlanganisa nembalimbali neBasotho Wars ngasekulweni neFree State neLesotho yanamuhla.
- c.1795 Dingiswayo wakha emandla emaMthethwa neluhlelo lwemabutfo
- c.1816 Shaka uba yinkhosi yemaZulu ucala kwandza
- c.1821 Mzilikazi wehlukanisa uhola emaNdebele aye ekhatsi kwelizwe
- c.1824 Moshoeshoe wakha eThaba Bosiu, akha umbuso wemaSotho
- 1828 Shaka uyabulawa; Dingane utsatsa sihlalo semaZulu
- 1830s IDifaqane yakha kabusha ihlane; iGreat Trek ifinyelela ekhatsi kwelizwe
Speaker notes
Sebentisa lomugca welikhono kuhlanganisa kulandzelana nekugcwanana - yala kutsi tinchubo letinyenti tenteka ngasikhatsi sinye etindzaweni letehlukene, hhayi ngemugca locondze. Khumbuta bafundzi kutsi inyenti yaletinsuku ilinganiselwa futsi yakhiwa kabusha kusukela emlandvweni lomlomo netirekhodi tekamuva, ngiko baholi bemlandvo baphikisana ngalesikhatsi. Lesislayidi sisikhatsi lesihle sekumisa ngaphambi kwengcoco yemlandvo wekubhala.
Ngabo-1980 nabo-1990 baholi bemlandvo baphikisana nendzaba yakadzeni yeMfecane ngekwayo.
Sazi semlandvo Julian Cobbing watsi umcondvo we'Mfecane' yaseAfrika letimele wawusetjentiswe njenge bufakazi lobungemanga - indzaba yekufihla lebeyisola bulukhuni beAfrika ngesikhatsi ifihla kutfumba tigcili kwemaYurophu eDelagoa Bay nekutfumba basebenti emngceleni waseKapa. Labanye baholi bemlandvo, njengaElizabeth Eldredge, baphikisana netinye tingcenye tembono wakhe banika simo lesisemkhatsini.
Umcondvo weMfecane usetjentiswe kuchaza ngekususa indima yebantfu bangaphandle ebudloveni balesikhatsi. Kuchazwa kwembono lohlotjaniswa noJulian Cobbing (1988)
- Umbono wakadzeni: timbangela tangekhatsi teAfrika, letigcile kuShaka nemaZulu.
- Umbono lomusha: kutfumba kwemaYurophu nekufuna basebenti kwadala inyenti yekuphazamiseka.
- Iningi lebaholi bemlandvo manje bakhetsa inhlanganisela yetimbangela tangekhatsi netangaphandle.
Speaker notes
Lesislayidi sitfutfukisa likhono le-FET lekuvisisa umlandvo njengenchazelo. Chaza 'umlandvo wekubhala' (kufundza kwendlela umlandvo lobhalwa ngayo) nekutsi kungani tehlakalo letifananako tingacatjulwa ngendlela lehlukene kakhulu. Kugcine kulinganile: kubuta kwaCobbing bekubalulekile futsi kwaphocelela kucabanga kabusha, kodvwa inyenti yetibotchazo takhe letitsite tiyaphikiswa, kanti umbono lovamile yinhlanganisela. [SME] Cinisekisa kubhalwa nekubalwa kwetinsuku temibono yaCobbing naEldredge nekuchazwa lokucashuniwe ngekumelene nencwadzi ye-CAPS lebekiwe ngaphambi kokusebentisa; lokucashuniwe kungumfaniso, hhayi sicaphuno lesigcwele.
Siphithiphithi sashiya lutjintjo lwetepolitiki, lwelinhlangotsi nelwenani lebantfu loluhlala njalo.
Cishe nga-1840 libalazwe letepolitiki laseNingizimu Afrika belingahlukene kakhulu. Imibuso lembalwa lemikhulu, lehlanganiswe kahle beseyitsetse indzawo yetikhulu letinyenti letincane, kanti kuhamba kwebantfu bekwente kwatfululeka nekugcwaliswa kabusha kwetindzawo letinkhulu. Letinye tindzawo tasehlanteni betibonakala tihlala bantfu labambalwa kubaVoortrekker labebefika - liciniso lelasetjentiswa kucinisekisa timbandzelo te'mhlaba longenamuntfu'.
- Imibuso lemisha lenemandla: emaZulu, emaNdebele, emaSwazi, iGaza nemaSotho.
- Umfaniso wemabutfo wembuso lohlanganisiwe, lonetemphi wasabalala kakhulu.
- Kuphazamiseka kwakha indlela, nalapho, kuhlaliswa kwebukoloni kakamuva lokwenteka khona.
Speaker notes
Hlanganisa tintsambo ndzawonye ngekuchubeka nelutjintjo. Yala bafundzi ngekucacile ngenganekwane 'yemhlaba longenamuntfu': tindzawo betiphazamisekile futsi tagcwaliswa kabusha, hhayi kutsi betingenamuntfu ngemvelo, kanti lenganekwane yasetjentiswa kamuva kucinisekisa kuphucwa. Yala kutsi tibalo tekufa letivamise kucashunwa ngeMfecane (letivamise kubalwa njengesigidzi sinye kuya kutimbili) atisicinisekisi kakhulu futsi mhlawumbe akhuliswe. [SME] Cinisekisa kutsi ngimaphi imiphumela nanoma ngutiphi tibalo tekufa i-CAPS lelindzele bafundzi bakhiphe.
Sikhatsi ngemuva kwa-1750 sakha kabusha imibuso yaseNingizimu Afrika, bantfu nemingcele - futsi kusaphikiswana ngaso.
Ulandzelele iMfecane/Difaqane, kuvela kwembuso wemaZulu ngaphansi kwaShaka, kusungulwa kwemibuso lemisha nguMzilikazi, Sobhuza naMoshoeshoe, nengcoco yebaholi bemlandvo mayelana nekutsi konkhe kwentiwa yini.
Q. Chaza kutsi emagama latsi 'Mfecane' na 'Difaqane' asho kutsini, nekutsi kungani womabili emagama asetjentiswa kulesi sikhatsi lesisodvwa. (4 marks)
Q. Cocisa ngelutjintjo lwetemphi nelwetepolitiki Shaka lalwetfula, futsi uchaze indlela lokwasita kwakha ngayo umbuso wemaZulu. (8 marks)
Q. Baholi bemlandvo bayaphikisana ngetimbangela teMfecane. Cathanisa okungenani tinchazelo letimbili bese unika sehlulelo sakho lesisekelwe. (8 marks)
Speaker notes
Sebentisa lemibuto lemitsatfu njengemsebenti lobhaliwe noma ingcoco lehleliwe; kwabiwa kwemamaki kulandzela tindlela te-CAPS letisekelwe emitfombeni netekubhala lokwendlaliwe. Q1 uhlola imicondvo, Q2 uhlola kuhlaziya kwembangela nemphumela wembuso wemaZulu, kanti Q3 uhlola likhono lelisetulu lekulinganisa tinchazelo letiphikisanako. Khutsata bafundzi kutsi banikete bufakazi futsi bavume kungabaza. Bakhumbute kutsi lesihloko sihlanganisa nembalimbali neSihloko 5, kwandza kwebukoloni eNingizimu Afrika ngemuva kwa-1750.
- Grade
- Grade 10
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- Transformations in southern Africa after 1750
- Resource type
- Presentation