IMfecane/Difaqane, ukuphakama komBuso wamaZulu ngaphasi kukaShaka, kunye nokwakhiwa kabutjha kwezombangazwe esifundeni soke.
Speaker notes
Vula ngokubeka abafundi esikhathini nendaweni: 'ngemva kuka-1750' kutjho iimnyaka engaphambi nangesikhathi sabo-1800 bokuthoma ngaphakathi enarheni nesibhakabhakeni seendawo zelwandle zepumalanga zalokho kwanjesi okuyiSewula Afrika, iLesotho, i-eSwatini, iMozambique neZimbabwe. Beka ngaphambili imisonto emithathu: (1) isikhathi sesiphithiphithi esibizwa bona yiMfecane (amaNguni) namkha iDifaqane/Lifaqane (amaSotho-Tswana), (2) ukuphakama komBuso wamaZulu onamandla nobuswa ngokusesenta linye, kunye (3) nokobana imiphakathi emakhelwana yatjhidiswa njani namkha yakha imibuso emitjha njengokusabela. Gandelela bona lesi sikhathi abalandi bomlando abasaphikisana kanginako.
Ngabo-1700 bokugcina isifunda besiyikhaya lamakhosi wama-Afrika amanengi azijameleko - ingasi inarha engenamuntu elindele ukuhlaliswa.
Eduze nekhabhe elivundileko lepumalanga bekuhlala amakhosi akhuluma isiNguni; e-highveld (isihlabathi esiphakemeko) bekuhlala imiphakathi yamaSotho-Tswana. Inengi bekumalimi ahlanganisako alusa iinkomo alima namabele nommbila, ahlelwe ngokwamakhosi wobukhulu obuhlukahlukeneko.
- Iinkomo bezimnotho, isikhundla nesisekelo sokuthembeka kwezepolotiki.
- Ukuthengiselana ngamazinyo weendlovu neenkomo bekuhlanganisa ingaphakathi lenarha nethekwini lamaPutukezi eDelagoa Bay (iMaputo).
- Ukwanda kwabantu bekutjho ukuphaldisana okukhulu ngenarha, amanzi nedlelo.
Speaker notes
Lungisa umbono wakade wenarha 'engenabantu' ngaphakathi: le bekuyisifunda esihlaliweko, esivundako esinamahlelo wezepolotiki asekelekileko. Gandelela iinkomo njengento eqakathekileko emnothweni nakwezepolotiki - amandla wekhosi bewasekelwe eenkomeni nakubalandeli ebezikhona ukuwakhweba. Veza iingcindezi ebezanda (ukwanda kwabantu, ukuphaldisana ngedlelo, ukuphaldisana kokuthengiselana) ngombana lokhu kudlulela ngqo ephikiswaneni ngeembangela zeMfecane emasledeni alandelako.
Isikhathi sepi ehlakazekileko, ukutjhida nokutjhuguluka kwezepolotiki ekuthomeni kwekhulu leminyaka le-19.
IMfecane libizo lesiNguni elivamise ukutjhugululwa ngokobana 'ukuchoboza' namkha 'ukuhlakaza'; iDifaqane (namkha Lifaqane) libizo lamaSotho-Tswana lesiphithiphithi sinye, elivame ukubalwa bona senzeka hlangana kwaka-1815 no-1840. Amakhosi alwa, ahlukana, azihlanganisa kabutjha, begodu abantu abanengi khulu batjhidiswa.
- Amakhosi amancani afakwa emibusweni emikhulu, ebuswa ngokusesenta linye.
- Iimphaphi zatjhida zewela i-highveld, zaphazamisa imiphakathi ekude nelwandle.
- Imibuso emitjha njengeyamaZulu, amaNdebele, amaSotho, amaSwazi neyeGaza yathoma ukubunjwa.
Speaker notes
Nikela abafundi amabizo womabili begodu ugandelele bona bawasebenzise ngokweqiwa - amabizo womabili aveza imibono yamaqhema weelimi ahlukeneko abona iimehlakalo efanako. Hlathulula inqubo, ingasi ibizo kwaphela: ukuhlanganiswa (iingcenye ezincani ezinengi ziba ziimbalwa ezikhulu), ukutjhida nokwakhiwa kombuso. Xwayisa bona iindaba zamalanga nezinombolo zabahlongakeleko ziyaphikiswana, okulungiselela isilede se-historiography kamva.
Abalandi bomlando bayaphikisana ngeembangela. Ipendulo ehle ikala iimbangela ezinengi kunokusola umuntu munye.
Imvelo
Ukwanda kwabantu nesomiso esibhorhileko (esikhunjulwa njengendlala yeMadlathule) kwandisa ukuphaldisana ngenarha nedlelo.
Ukuthengiselana
Ukuphaldisana kokulawula ukuthengiselana ngamazinyo weendlovu neenkomo eDelagoa Bay kwakhuthaza amakhosi bona akhe imibuso emikhulu, enamabutho.
Ezepolotiki
Abarholi abanamabhizo njengoDingiswayo noShaka babusa ngokusesenta linye, bafaka abomakhelwana ababuthakathaka ngokunqoba nangobudlelwano.
Ingcindezi yangaphandle
Abanye abalandi bomlando bathi ukubanjwa kweengqila e-Delagoa Bay nokufuneka kwabasebenzi emngceleni weKapa kwabangela inengi ledluzelo.
Speaker notes
Le yihloko yokuhlaziya yesihloko kwi-FET. Bonisa ukucabanga kweembangela ezinengi: akunambangela yinye eyaneleko. Tjho bona iincwadi zakade zasola cabe ubukhali bakaShaka (umlando 'womuntu omkhulu'), kanti irhubhululo elitjha ligandelela imvelo, ukuthengiselana nokuphanga kwangaphandle. Ikarada yesine iveza ngaphambili ipikiswano yakaCobbing ecatjangwa kamva. Khuthaza abafundi bona bahlele bahlanganise iimbangela kunokuzidweba kwaphela.
Ngaphambi kukaShaka, iKhosi uDingiswayo yamaMthethwa yahlela kabutjha indlela amajaha akhonza ngayo umbuso.
UDingiswayo wakha amaMthethwa aba mandla adlulako hlangana namaNguni wetlhagwini. Uhlotjaniswa nokuhlela amajaha ngokobana abe ma-amabutho - amabutho weemnyaka akhonza ikhosi - okwaqinisa igunya elimaphakathi namandla wepi.
- Ama-amabutho ahlanganisa amadoda ngeemnyaka kunokuwahlela ngomndeni, kuwabophela emrholini.
- UDingiswayo wathatha uShaka omutjha ngaphasi kobuvikeli bakhe wamphakamisa.
- Ngemva kokobana uDingiswayo abulawe ngumphaldisi, uShaka wafaka amaMthethwa emandleni wamaZulu akhulako.
Speaker notes
Beka uDingiswayo njengomuntu weburido ukwenzela bona abafundi bangaphathi uShaka kwanga wenza koke asuka ehlangeni - ukuragela phambili nokutjhuguluka. Ihlelo lama-amabutho lisikhungo esiqakathekileko: ngokuhlela ukuthembeka ngokwamaqhema weemnyaka akhonza umbusi, amakhosi bewakwazi ukudlula ukuhlukana ngemindeni akhiphe amabutho aqinileko. Tjho bona iimininingwana yepilo kaDingiswayo ivela ngokwengcenye emlandweni womlomo wakamva begodu kufuze iphathwe ngokutjhejisisa.
Kusukela hlangana no-1816 uShaka kaSenzangakhona wenza isikhosana esincani saba mBuso onamandla khulu esifundeni.
Speaker notes
Hlathulula amaqhinga ngokucacileko: 'isifuba' sibamba isitha kanti 'iimpondo' ezimbili ziyasibhoda, kanti 'iinkalo' (ibutho eligcinwako) lilinda ngemuva, kanengi liqalene kude nepi ukwenzela bona lingalahleki isibindi. Gandelela bona iintjhuguluko bezizezepolotiki njengombana bezizezepi - uShaka wafaka abantu abanqotjhiweko esitjhabeni esitjha samaZulu, kungakho umbuso wamphila. Phatha uShaka ngokutjhejisisa: balekela kokubili ukumdumisa njengeqhawe nomdwebo wakade wobuhlanga wesihluku esiphila ngeengazi; mveze njengomakhi wombuso onekghono nonesihluku esikhathini senturhu.
Umbuso kaShaka wahlanganisa amandla, iinkomo nabantu ngaphasi kwekhosi.
UmBuso wamaZulu walawula iinkomo, inarha nomsebenzi wamabutho ngekhosi. Ukubuswa ngokusesenta linye kwenza umbuso waba namandla, kodwana kwadala nokungezwani. Ngo-1828 uShaka wabulawa ngabanakwabo abangaboyise munye uDingane noMhlangana; uDingane wathatha isihlalo sobukhosi.
- Ama-amabutho bekangakwazi ukutjhada bekube kulapho ikhosi iwatjhaphululako, kubagcina emsebenzini.
- Umthelo weenkomo namabele bewubuyela ekomkhulu lobukhosi.
- Ngaphasi kukaDingane umbuso msinyana wabhekana nengozi entjha: amaVoortrekkers weTrek eKulu (Great Trek).
Speaker notes
Tjengisa bona ukubuswa ngokusesenta linye bekumthombo wamandla nokungazinzi - ukuhlanganisa amandla kwakhweba ukuphaldisana ngehla, kungakho kwaba nokubulawa. Veza ngaphambili ukubhonyana neTrek eKulu (ukubulawa kwakaRetief nePi yeBlood River ngo-1838) abafundi abayifunda ngokugcweleko ngaphasi kokwanda kwamakoloni. Gcina ilihlo lapha ekusebenzeni kwangaphakathi kombuso wamaZulu kunepi yamatrekker.
Amaqhema abalekako namkha ahlukana nepi athwala isiphithiphithi kude ngaphakathi enarheni nangaphetjheya.
Njengombana amakhosi anqotjhwa namkha akhetha ukukhamba, abarholi bakha imibuso emitjha kude khulu neZululand. UMzilikazi, obekade angomunye wabalawuli bakaShaka, wahlukana wakhokhela amaNdebele (Matabele) aya e-highveld ekugcineni aya etlhagwini adlula uLimpopo aya kwanjesi eyiZimbabwe.
- AmaNdebele kaMzilikazi aphanga ahlela kabutjha imiphakathi ye-highveld ngaphambi kokuhlala eduze neBulawayo.
- USoshangane wakha umBuso weGaza kilokho kwanjesi okuyiSewula yeMozambique.
- USobhuza I wahlanganisa abantu etlhagwini wakha isisekelo somBuso wamaSwazi.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa isilede lesi ukutjengisa ubukhulu: iMfecane/Difaqane bekungasi indaba yamaZulu kwaphela kodwana bekuyintjhuguluko yesifunda esifika kuyiZimbabwe neMozambique. Qinisa bona inengi lokutjhida lokhu kwenza imibuso ehlala isikhathi eside nobuzibulo bezitjhaba zanamhlanjesi. Tjhejisisa ukuveza abantu abatjhidisiweko njengabantu abenza into bakhe kabutjha imiphakathi yabo, ingasi njengeenhlekelele ezingenzi litho.
Ingasi soke isabelo besiyipi - abanye abarholi bakha ukuvikeleka ngokubonisana nangokukhosela.
E-highveld uMoshoeshoe I wahlanganisa iimphaphi nemiphakathi ehlakazekileko wakha isitjhaba esitjha samaBasotho (amaSotho). Kusukela hlangana no-1824 wenza inqaba yakhe entabeni enehloko elisibekeleko iThaba Bosiu, ebekulula ukuyivikela eenhlaselini.
- Wafaka wavikela abantu ababaleka iDifaqane, kwakhula abalandeli bakhe.
- Wasebenzisa ukubonisana, ukuboleka iinkomo nobudlelwano bemitjhado ngaphandle kokuvikela.
- Umbuso awakhako waba sisekelo seLesotho yanamhlanjesi.
Speaker notes
Madanisa iqhinga likaMoshoeshoe nendlela yepi kaShaka - bobabili bebamakhi bemibuso, kodwana uMoshoeshoe wasebenzisa khulu ukubonisana, ukukhosela nenqaba yemvelo. Lokhu kunikela abafundi umfanekiso wesibili woburholi bewutjengise bona ukuhlanganisa bekungaba kokuvikela njengokuhlasela. Hlanganisa nangaphambili neePi zamaBasotho zakamva ngokujamelene neFreestate neLesotho yanamhlanjesi.
- c.1795 UDingiswayo wakha amandla wamaMthethwa nehlelo lama-amabutho
- c.1816 UShaka uba yikhosi yamaZulu uthoma ukwanda
- c.1821 UMzilikazi uyahlukana urhola amaNdebele ngaphakathi enarheni
- c.1824 UMoshoeshoe uhlala eThaba Bosiu, wakha umBuso wamaBasotho
- 1828 UShaka uyabulawa; uDingane uthatha isihlalo sobukhosi bamaZulu
- 1830s IDifaqane ihlela kabutjha i-highveld; iTrek eKulu ifika ngaphakathi enarheni
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa ilayini yesikhathi ukuhlanganisa ukulandelana nokungqinelana - tjho bona iinqubo ezinengi zenzeka ngesikhathi sinye eendaweni ezihlukeneko, ingasi ngelayini elilungileko. Khumbuza abafundi bona amalanga amanengi la alinganiselwa begodu akhiwa kabutjha emlandweni womlomo nemitlolweni yakamva, okuyibanga elenza abalandi bomlando baphikisane ngesikhathi lesi. Isilede lesi sikhathi sokuphumula esihle ngaphambi kwengcoco ye-historiography.
Ngabo-1980 nabo-1990 abalandi bomlando babuza ngendaba yakade yeMfecane ngokwayo.
Isazi somlando uJulian Cobbing waphikisa ngokobana umqondo we'Mfecane' yama-Afrika ezimeleko besusetjenziswa njenge-alibi - indaba yokusibekela ebeka umlandu wedluzelo lama-Afrika kufihlwa ukubanjwa kweengqila yamaYurophu eDelagoa Bay nokuphangwa kwabasebenzi emngceleni weKapa. Abanye abalandi bomlando, njengo-Elizabeth Eldredge, babuza iingcenye zephikiswano lakhe baletha isikhundla esimaphakathi.
Umqondo weMfecane usetjenziselwe ukuhlathulula ngaphandle indima yabangaphandle edluzelweni lesikhathi leso. Ukuhlathululwa ngamanye amezwi kwephikiswano elihlotjaniswa noJulian Cobbing (1988)
- Umbono wakade: iimbangela zangaphakathi zama-Afrika, ezijame ngoShaka namaZulu.
- Umbono omutjha (revisionist): ukuphanga kwamaYurophu nokufuneka kwabasebenzi kwabangela inengi ledluzelo.
- Inengi labalandi bomlando kwanjesi bathanda inhlanganisela yeembangela zangaphakathi nezangaphandle.
Speaker notes
Isilede lesi silungisa ikghono le-FET lokuzwisisa umlando njengokuhlathululwa. Hlathulula i-'historiography' (isifundo sokobana umlando utlolwa njani) nokobana kubayini iimehlakalo efanako ingahlathululwa ngokuhlukeneko. Sigcine sililinganisela: itjhijilo likaCobbing beliqakathekile begodu labanga ukucabanga kabutjha, kodwana amanengi wamabango wakhe akhethekileko ayaphikiswana, begodu isikhundla esikhulu siyinhlanganisela. [SME] Qiniseka amabizo namalanga wamabango kaCobbing no-Eldredge kanye nokubuyekezwa okucatjhangiweko ngokujamelene nencwadi ye-CAPS eyalelwako ngaphambi kokusebenzisa; ukucatjhangwa lokhu kusibonelo, ingasi ukucatjhangwa okumezwi ngamezwi.
Isiphithiphithi satjhiya iintjhuguluko ezihlala isikhathi eside kwezepolotiki, kwezenhlalo nakwesibalo sabantu.
Ngabo-1840 ibalazwe lezepolotiki leSewula ye-Afrika belihluke khulu. Imibuso emikhulu embalwa, ebuswa ngokusesenta linye, yathatha indawo yamakhosi amancani amanengi, begodu ukutjhida kwabantu kwenza iindawo ezikhulu zaphela zagcwaliswa kabutjha. Ezinye iindawo ze-highveld bezibonakala zinganabantu abanengi kumaVoortrekkers afikako - iqiniso elasetjenziselwa ukubeka amabango wenarha 'engenabantu'.
- Imibuso emitjha enamandla: amaZulu, amaNdebele, amaSwazi, iGaza namaBasotho.
- Umfanekiso wama-amabutho wombuso obuswa ngokusesenta linye onamabutho wasabalala kabanzi.
- Idluzelo lakha indlela, nendawo, ukuhlaliswa kwamakoloni kamva okwenzeka ngayo.
Speaker notes
Hlanganisa imisonto ndawonye eduze nokuragela phambili nokutjhuguluka. Xwayisa abafundi ngokucacileko ngombono wenarha 'engenabantu': iindawo bezidungekile begodu zagcwaliswa kabutjha, ingasi zingenabantu ngokwemvelo, begodu umbono lo wasetjenziselwa kamva ukubeka umthetho ekwephucweni kwenarha. Tjho bona izinombolo zabahlongakeleko ezikhe zabhaliswa ngeMfecane (kanengi zibhaliswa njengesigidi sinye ukuya kesibili) azizinzi khulu begodu mhlamunye ziyakhukhunyezwa. [SME] Qiniseka bona ngiyiphi imiphumela nezinombolo zabahlongakeleko ikharikhulamu ye-CAPS ekulindele bona abafundi bayibuyekeze.
Isikhathi ngemva kuka-1750 satjhugulula imibuso, abantu nemikhawulo yeSewula ye-Afrika - begodu kusaphikiswana ngaso namhlanjesi.
Ulandele iMfecane/Difaqane, ukuphakama komBuso wamaZulu ngaphasi kukaShaka, ukwakhiwa kwemibuso emitjha ngu Mzilikazi, Sobhuza noMoshoeshoe, kunye nephikiswano labalandi bomlando ngokobana yini eyabangela koke lokhu.
Q. Hlathulula bona amabizo athi 'Mfecane' no'Difaqane' atjho ukuthini, nokobana kubayini womabili asetjenziselwa isikhathi sinye. (4 marks)
Q. Cabangela iintjhuguluko zepi nezepolotiki uShaka azethulako, uhlathulule nokobana zasiza njani ukwakha umBuso wamaZulu. (8 marks)
Q. Abalandi bomlando bayaphikisana ngeembangela zeMfecane. Madanisa okungenani iinhlathululo ezimbili unikele isahlulelo sakho esisekelweko. (8 marks)
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa imibuzo emithathu njengomsebenzi otloliweko namkha ingcoco ehleliweko; ukwabiwa kwemaki kulandela iindlela ze-CAPS ezisekelwe emithonjeni nezokutlola okunabileko. U-Q1 uhlola imiqondo, u-Q2 uhlola ukuhlaziya kwembangela-nomphumela wombuso wamaZulu, kanti u-Q3 uhlola ikghono eliphakemeko lokukala iinhlathululo eziphaldisanako. Khuthaza abafundi bona baqale ubufakazi begodu bavume ukungaqiniseki. Bakhumbuze bona isihloko lesi sihlanganisa nangaphambili neSihloko 5, ukwanda kwamakoloni eSewula Afrika ngemva kuka-1750.
- Grade
- Grade 10
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- Transformations in southern Africa after 1750
- Resource type
- Presentation