Imvukela YaseFrance
Kutsi, emkhatsini wa-1789 na-1815, iFrance yayibhidlita kanjani umbuso webukhosi lobebukhona iminyaka leyinkhulungwane, yase isakata imicabango yenkhululeko, kulingana kanye nebuhlanga bebantfu emhlabeni wonkhe.
Speaker notes
Vula ngekubuta kutsi bafundzi bahlanganisa ini negama lelitsi 'imvukela'. Cacisa kutsi iMvukela YaseFrance yenta ngtimo yesisekelo semhlaba wanamuhla: yayiphikisa umcabango wekutsi emakhosi abusa ngelilungelo laNkulunkulu, yase iveta umcabango wekutsi emandla awebakhi belizwe. Bonisa umzila wesifundvo: timbangela, 1789, Emalungelo Emuntfu, iRiphabhulikhi kanye neKwesabisa, Napoleon, kanye netimphembelelo temhlaba tale Mvukela.
IFrance ngaphansi kwe-Ancien Regime
Ngaphambi kwa-1789, iFrance beyingumbuso webukhosi lobuphelele lobubuswa yiNkhosi Louis XVI, lobebutsi ubusa ngentsandvo yaNkulunkulu.
I-Ancien Regime ('umbuso lomdzala') bekungumphakatsi lome ngci lapho khona emalungelo emuntfu bekancika esigcemeni lazalelwe kuso. Inkhosi beyiphetse onkhe emandla lacishe abe phelele, bekute liphalamende lelikhetsiwe, futsi bantfu labavamile bebanelizwi lelincane ekutseni babuswa kanjani.
- IFrance beyingumbuso lonebantfu labanyenti kunayo yonkhe eYurophu kepha bekunekungalingani lokujulile.
- Inkhosi beyingavalela bantfu ejele ngaphandle kwekwetfulwa kwecala (nge-lettre de cachet).
- Umnotfo, emalungelo lakhetsekile kanye nekukhululwa etinkhokhelweni kwakuzuzwa ngekuzalwa, hhayi ngekusebenta.
Speaker notes
Chaza 'umbuso webukhosi lobuphelele' kanye 'nelilungelo laNkulunkulu' ngendlela lecacile - umfundzi we-FET kufanele akwati kucophelela loku nemibuso lenemtsetfosisekelo nobe yentsandvo yebantfu. Gcizelela kutsi inkinga bekungasiyo nje inkhosi lembi kepha kwakuyinhlangano yonkhe yemalungelo latfolwa ngekuzalwa. Loku kubeka sisekelo sekuhlatiywa kwetimbangela kumaslayidi lalandzelako.
Umphakatsi lowawuhlukaniswe ngesigaba lesitsatfu
Umphakatsi waseFrance wawuhlukaniswe ngekwemtsetfo waba tigaba letitsatfu (estates) letinemalungelo neminyakato leyehlukene kakhulu.
Sigaba Sekucala
Baprisi (leBandla). Cishe 1% webantfu, kepha babenemhlaba lomkhulu futsi bakhokha intsela lecishe ibe yize.
Sigaba Sesibili
Tikhulu. Cishe 1-2% webantfu, letiphetse emalungelo lakhetsekile, imisebenti lephakeme kanye nekukhululwa etintselo.
Sigaba Sesitsatfu
Bonkhe labanye - cishe 97%: balimi, tisebenti kanye nesigaba lesiphakatsi (bourgeoisie). Bona bebakhokha inyenti yetintsela.
Speaker notes
Gcizelela liphuzu lekuhlatiywa: bekungasiyo nje kutsi inyenti yebantfu bebahluphekile, kepha kutsi kungalingani bekubhaliwe emtsetfweni. I-bourgeoisie (sigaba lesiphakatsi lesifundzile, ngalokuvamile lesinemnoyi) beticwasa kukhokha tintsela nekuvinjelwa emandleni ngekuzalwa - baba ngbaholi labakhulu beMvukela. Cela bafundzi kutsi bacophelele loku kungalingani ngekwemtsetfo nekwehlukaniswa kwesikhatsi se-apartheid labasifundza emabangeni langaphansi, kepha bacaphele kutsi bangawenti afane ngalokugcwele.
Timbangela teMvukela
Inkinga yetimali, indlela yetintsela lengakalingani kanye nemicabango lemisha lenesibindzi kwahlanganyela kwephula umbuso lomdzala.
Ngasekupheleni kwa-1780s umbuso waseFrance bewuphelelwe timali (bankrupt). Timphi letibitako - kufaka ekhatsi kusekela iMvukela YaseMelika - takhipha yonkhe imali embiko, kanti tigaba letimbili letikhetsekile taala kukhokha intsela. Kuvuna lokubi kwenyusa lintengo wesinkhwa, lokudla lokusemcotfweni kwalabahluphekile.
- Umnotfo: sikweletu sembuso, umtfwalo wetintsela longalingani lowehlela eSigabeni Sesitsatfu, kanye nekwenyuka kwelintengo wesinkhwa.
- Umphakatsi: kucwasa emalungelo etikhulu kanye netifiso te-bourgeoisie.
- Ingcondvo: bacabangi be-Enlightenment labafana no-Rousseau, Voltaire naMontesquieu babephikelela ngekucabanga, emalungelo emvelo kanye nembuso longcono ngekuvunyelwa ngbantfu.
Speaker notes
Hola bafundzi kutsi behlukanise timbangela tesikhatsi lesidze (kungalingani lokuchamiselwe, imicabango ye-Enlightenment) netimbangela tesikhashana (kuphelelwa timali, kwehluleka kwekuvuna kwa-1788, lintengo wesinkhwa). Lokwehlukanisa kwembangela nemphumela kuligama lelibalulekile le-FET. Cacisa kutsi imicabango yodvwa ayizange ibangele iMvukela - yaniketa bantfu lulwimi lwekufuna lushintjo nakufika inkinga.
Kusuka ku-Estates-General kuya kuMhlangano Wesive
NgeMeyi 1789 inkhosi yabita i-Estates-General; emavikini lambalwa iSigaba Sesitsatfu satimemetela kutsi silizwi lesive.
Idzinga imali ngendlela lesabekako, uLouis XVI wabita i-Estates-General - umhlangano lowawungakahlangani kusukela nga-1614. Ngesikhatsi iSigaba Sesitsatfu sehlulwa emvoteni tigaba letimbili letikhetsekile, batfunywa baso bahlukana bese batimemetela kutsi banguMhlangano Wesive (National Assembly), batsi bamele bantfu baseFrance.
- Bavaleleke ngaphandle kwendlu yabo yemhlangano, batfunywa bahlangana enkhundleni yebhola letenisi lebeducala.
- Ku-Tennis Court Oath (20 Juni 1789) bafunga kutsi bangeke bahlakateke kuze kube iFrance inemtsetfosisekelo.
- Loku bekuyinselelo lecondzile emandleni laphelele enkhosi.
Speaker notes
Chaza kutsi kungani indlela yekuvota beyibalulekile: ngenhloko nobe ngesigaba. Kuvota 'ngesigaba' bekwenta tigaba letimbili letincane letikhetsekile tichubeke tehlula iSigaba Sesitsatfu lesikhulu. I-Tennis Court Oath ngumzuzu lapho khona emandla ekubusa acala kudlulela enkhosini aya esiveni - liphuzu lelibalulekile lekuguquka. Gcizelela intfsandvo yekutenta: lena beku senti sepolitiki lesihleliwe, hhayi umbhikisho longahleliwe.
Kuhlaselwa kweBastille
Ngesikhatsi tinyandza taseParis titsatsa inqaba yeBastille, iMvukela yaba ngumbhikisho lomkhulu webantfu.
Besaba kutsi inkhosi itawusebentisa emasotja kucindzetela uMhlangano lomusha, futsi bacansuke yindlala nemanani laphakeme, sicumbi eParis sahlasela i-Bastille - lijele lasebukhosini kanye nenqaba lebeyimelela emandla embuso ekuvalela bantfu njengetsandza. Kuwa kwayo kwabonisa kutsi bantfu labavamile bangayiphikisa umbuso.
- IBastille beyinetikhali nembhubhesi lesicumbi besisifuna kutivikela.
- Kutsatfwa kwayo kwaba luphawu lolukhulu lweMvukela.
- 14 Julayi - iLanga leBastille - liselilanga lelikhulu lelizwe eFrance.
Speaker notes
Cacisa luphawu: babambatana kancane laba bebavaleleke lapho, ngako iBastille beyibaluleke njengeluphawu lwemandla embuso langakahlelwa kunanjengelijele. Leli slayidi liyindzawo lenhle yekukhuluma ngekutsi timfanekiso nemazizo tishukumisa kanjani tehlakalo temlando. Cacisa lushintjo lolusuka ekuphikisaneni kwepolitiki kwetikhulu kuya emvukeleni yebantfu leyayifaka bantfu baseParis.
Simemetelo Semalungelo Emuntfu Nesakhamuti
UMhlangano Wesive wabeka imisusa yemphakatsi lomusha: inkhululeko, kulingana kanye nebukhosi bebantfu.
Bantfu batalwa futsi bahlala bakhululekile balingana emalungelweni. Simemetelo Semalungelo Emuntfu Nesakhamuti, Sahluko 1, 1789
Lesi Simemetelo satsi bukhosi bebantfu besive, hhayi enkhosini, futsi kutsi umbuso ukhona kuvikela emalungelo emvelo. Sasetsembisa inkhululeko yekukhuluma, kulingana embikwemtsetfo kanye nekuvikeleka ekuboshweni ngaphandle kwemtsetfo - imicabango lesabumba imitsetfosisekelo namuhla.
- Sasusa emalungelo asemtsetfweni etikhulu nebaprisi.
- Satimemetela tonkhe takhamuti tilingana embikwemtsetfo.
- Umkhawulo waso: asizange sinike bonkhe ilungelo lekuvota, futsi emalungelo abomake ashiywa ngaphandle kakhulu - njengoba Olympe de Gouges wabhikisha nga-1791.
Speaker notes
Linganisa kubungata nekuhlatiywa lokujulile, lokudzingwa yi-FET. Lesi Simemetelo siyimvukela ngempela, futsi lulwimi lwaso lusekutfolakala emavukudlwaneni lalandzelako - kufaka ekhatsi timiso zeMtsetfosisekelo weNtsandvo yeNingizimu Afrika kanye neSimemetelo seVelonkhe seMalungelo eBantfu. Kepha yiba necinisa ngemkhawulo waso: takhamuti 'letisebentako' netakhamuti 'letingasebenti', kushiywa ngaphandle kwabomake, nekutsi iFrance beyisagcina bantfu labagcilaziwe emakoloni ayo. Simemetelo Semalungelo Wabomake se-Olympe de Gouges (1791) singumphuzu lomuhle wekukhuluma. [SME] Cinisekisa emagama laphelele eSahluko 1 ngenguculo lesetjentiswa sikolwa.
Kuphela kwembuso webukhosi
Njengoba iMvukela yenetiswa ngemandla, iFrance yasusa umbuso webukhosi yase ibulala inkhosi yayo.
Inkhosi yamelana nelushintjo yase iyetama kubaleka ezweni nga-1791. Imphi netinye tibongo tebukhosi taseYurophu, letatesaba kutsi iMvukela itawusakateka, tenta inkinga yaba mbi kakhulu. NgaSeptember 1792 iFrance yamenyetelwa kutsi yi-Riphabhulikhi, kanti ngaJanuary 1793 uLouis XVI wabulawa ngeguillotine, kwalandzela iNdlovukazi Marie Antoinette.
- Kwetama kubaleka kwemndeni webukhosi kwabhubhisa kwetsenjwa kwenkhosi.
- Kuhlaselwa ngaphandle kanye nebunzima bemnotfo kwaphushela ipolitiki emikhawulweni.
- Emacembu labhekene njengemaJacobin atfola emandla eRiphabhulikhi lensha.
Speaker notes
Landzelela inchubo yekwenetisa: kutsi imphi, kwesaba kanye nenkinga yemnotfo kwaphushela kanjani inhlangano yelushintjo lolulinganiselwe kuya etinyatselweni letiseceleni kakhulu. Kubulawa kwenkhosi bekuyinguculo lenkhulu - kwamemetela kutsi kute umbusi longetulu kwemtsetfo nobe sive. Phatsa kubulawa ngeliciniso nangekuthula; liphuzu kwaba lushintjo emcabangweni webukhosi, hhayi imininingwane lemangalisako.
Kwesabisa
Kuvikela iRiphabhulikhi, umbuso weMvukela wasebentisa kuboshwa nekubulawa kwesicumbi - wase uphendukela kubantfu bawo.
Ibhekene nekuhlaselwa ngaphandle kanye nemvukela yangekhatsi, iKomiti Yekuvikeleka Kwesive leyayiholwa ngu-Maximilien Robespierre yatsatsa emandla lesiphutfuma. Egameni lekuvikela iMvukela, tinkhulungwane tetitsa letatisolwa taboshwa tabulawa - letinyenti ngeguillotine - ngalokuvamile emva kwekwetfulwa kwemacala langakalungi.
- Kulinganiselwa bantfu laba-17,000 lababulawa ngendlela lesemtsetfweni, kanti letinyenti tinkhulungwane tafa ejele nobe emvukeleni yetifundza.
- Kwesaba kwasetjentiswa ngamabomu njengelithulusi lekubusa.
- NgaJulayi 1794 uRobespierre yena matfupha wachitfwa wabulawa, kwaphela Kwesabisa.
Speaker notes
Leli ngelona slayidi lelinemazizo - liphatse ngekutfembeka ungakhulisi budlova. Umbuto wekuhlatiywa webafundzi be-FET: ngabe inhlangano leyakhelwe emalungelweni nenkhululeko ingakuvumela kwesabisa nekubulawa kutivikela? Beka Kwesabisa njengesexwayiso ngendlela kwesaba nemandla lesiphutfuma langacekela phansi khona inkhululeko iMvukela letsi iyayivikela. Gcina tibalo tiliciniso ungachazi ngebudlova. [SME] Cinisekisa tibalo tekubulawa etincwadzini tesikolwa letisetjentiswako; ticwaningi tanetela ngekwehlukene.
IMvukela ngekushesha, 1789-1815
- 1789 I-Estates-General; iTennis Court Oath; kuhlaselwa kweBastille; Simemetelo Semalungelo Emuntfu
- 1791 Umtsetfosisekelo wekucala lobhaliwe; kubaleka kwenkhosi lokwehlulekako
- 1792 IFrance yamemetelwa kutsi yiRiphabhulikhi
- 1793 Kubulawa kwaLouis XVI; kucala kweKwesabisa
- 1794 Kuwa nekubulawa kwaRobespierre; kuphela kweKwesabisa
- 1799 UNapoleon utsatsa emandla ngekuketulwa kwembuso
- 1804 UNapoleon wetfweswa umchele njengeMbusi; iNapoleonic Code
- 1815 UNapoleon wehlulwa eWaterloo
Speaker notes
Sebentisa leli slayidi kucinisekisa kulandzelana ngaphambi kwekuhlatiywa kwaNapoleon nelifa. Cela bafundzi kutsi bakhombe tindzawo tekuguquka baphindze babone iphethini: kucala lokunetsemba (1789), kwenetiswa nekwesabisa (1793-94), bese kufika umbusi munye lonemandla (Napoleon). Lesi simo sekukhuphuka-nekuwa sivamile emavukelweni lamanyenti futsi kufanele sichazwe ngalokusobala.
Napoleon: indlalifa kanye nemcedzeli weMvukela
Ijenene lelihlakaniphile latsatsa emandla, laphelisa isiphitsiphitsi, lasakata imicabango yeMvukela - kanti litenta umbusi (emperor).
Nga-1799 uNapoleon Bonaparte watsatsa emandla ngekuketulwa kwembuso, waphelisa iminyaka yekungatsintseki. Nga-1804 watetfwesa umchele waba nguMbusi. Wagcina tinye tinzuzo teMvukela - ikakhulukati kulingana ngekwemtsetfo nge-Napoleonic Code - kepha waphindze wabusa njengesihlukumezi, wacindzetela liphephandzaba futsi wakha umbuso ngemphi.
- INapoleonic Code yasakata kulingana embikwemtsetfo kanye nemalungelo emphahla kulo lonkhe iYurophu.
- Kunqoba kwakhe kwatfwala imicabango yeMvukela - nekumelana nayo - kudlula kakhulu ngaphandle kweFrance.
- Emva kwekwehlulwa eWaterloo nga-1815, umbuso webukhosi wabuyela eFrance, kepha umbuso lomdzala awuzange ubuyiselwe ngalokugcwele.
Speaker notes
UNapoleon ubekwe ngamabomu njengelentela - lesi singumbuto lomuhle wekuhlatiywa. Buta: ngabe wayiphelelisa iMvukela nobe wayikhaphela? Wacinisa kulingana ngekwemtsetfo kanye nekufaneleka, kepha wachotjozela inkhululeko yepolitiki futsi watetfwesa umchele waba mbusi. Khutsata bafundzi kutsi babambelele emacinisweni omabili kanyekanye kunekumbeka nje njenge'lomuhle' nobe 'lomubi'.
Umtselela weMvukela emhlabeni wonkhe
Imicabango yeMvukela yasakateka kudlula kakhulu ngaphandle kweFrance futsi isachubeka ibumba umhlaba wanamuhla.
Emalungelo Ebantfu
Umcabango wekutsi bonkhe bantfu banemalungelo ngobe nje bangbantfu waba nemtselela emavukudlwaneni lalandzelako, kufaka ekhatsi iSimemetelo seVelonkhe seMalungelo eBantfu sa-1948.
IHaiti
Bantfu labagcilaziwe ekoloni yeFrance yeSaint-Domingue batfola lulwimi lwenkhululeko, futsi nga-1804, banqoba iMvukela yaseHaiti - iMvukela yekucala lephumelele leyentiwa ngbantfu labagcilaziwe.
Imizabalazo lelwako nebukoloni
Timfuno tenkhululeko, kulingana nekutibusa taphefumulela imizabalazo yenkhululeko emhlabeni wonkhe, kufaka ekhatsi e-Afrika.
Speaker notes
Leli slayidi lihlanganisa umlando waseYurophu nemlando wemhlaba nowase-Afrika, njengoba i-CAPS iholoyisa. IMvukela yaseHaiti ibalulekile: yaveta kuphikisana emisusweni yeFrance, ibonisa kutsi bantfu iFrance labashiya ngaphandle batsatsa tetsembiso teMvukela batidlulisela kudlula iFrance ngekwayo. Dweba umugca locophelele, longasiwo we-anachronism, uye emizabalazweni yenkhululeko lelandzelako, kufaka ekhatsi weNingizimu Afrika, lapho khona lulwimi lwemalungelo nekulingana lwenta buye nga-1789. [SME] Cinisekisa kujula kwekufundziswa kweMvukela yaseHaiti lokulindzelwe eLibangeni 10 kudokhumenti ye-CAPS yamanje.
Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite (Inkhululeko, Kulingana, Bunye)
IMvukela yanika umhlaba wanamuhla lulwimi lolusha lwepolitiki.
Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite - Inkhululeko, Kulingana, Bunye. Sisho seMvukela YaseFrance, lokusesisho selizwe eFrance kuze kube nyalo
Lamagama lamatsatfu abamba setsembiso seMvukela: inkhululeko emandleni langenamtsetfo, kulingana embikwemtsetfo, kanye nebunye emkhatsini wetakhamuti. Ligebhula emkhatsini walesi setsembiso neliciniso - ngaleso sikhatsi nanamuhla - kuyincenye yaloko lokwenta iMvukela ifanele kufundvwa.
Speaker notes
Sebentisa leli slayidi kusuka ekulandiseni uye ekucabangeni. Cela bafundzi kutsi bahlolisise: iMvukela YaseFrance yasiphelelisa ngekukhona kwesisho sayo? Loku kuhlanganisa timphumelelo (emalungelo, kulingana embikwemtsetfo) nekwehluleka (Kwesabisa, kushiywa ngaphandle, bushukumezi baNapoleon) futsi kubalungiselela imibuto yekubuyeketa.
Loko lesikufundzile - nemibuto lekufanele iphendvulwe
IMvukela YaseFrance yabhubhisa umbuso lomdzala yase iyasungula imicabango yebuhlanga nemalungelo lokusabumba umhlaba wetfu.
Ngesikhatsi lesingetulu kwelishumi liminyaka nje, iFrance yasuka embusweni webukhosi lobuphelele yaya kuriphabhulikhi yaya kumbuso (empire). Yehluleka kufeza tinyenti tetetsembiso tayo, kepha yashintja unaphakadze indlela bantfu labacabanga ngayo nga-emandla, emalungelo nebuhlanga - iphembelela emavukela nemitsetfosisekelo kudlula kakhulu ngaphandle kweYurophu.
Q. Chaza kutsi timbangela tesikhatsi lesidze netimbangela tesikhashana tahlanganyela kanjani kuletsa iMvukela YaseFrance nga-1789. (8 marks)
Q. Usebentisa iSimemetelo Semalungelo Emuntfu kanye neKwesabisa, khuluma ngekungqubuzana emkhatsini wemisuka yeMvukela netento tayo. (10 marks)
Q. IMvukela yayinemtselela ngangakanani emhlabeni lobanti? Bhekisela eHaiti kanye nakulesinye sibonelo. (8 marks)
Speaker notes
Vala ngekubuyela embutweni wekuvula: yini imvukela, futsi lena yaphumelela yini? Lemibuto lemitsatfu ibonakalisa tindlela tekuhlola te-CAPS FET - kuhlatiywa kwembangela nemphumela, kuvivinya lokususelwe emtfonjeni, kanye nekuphikisana lokwendlulele 'kwangangakanani'. Khutsata bafundzi kutsi batsatse sikhundla basisekele ngebufakazi kunekulandisa nje tehlakalo. Lesi sifundvo sixhumana embili netihloko tebutjha, emalungelo ebantfu kanye nemizabalazo yenkhululeko yelikhulu lema-20 leminyaka.
- Grade
- Grade 10
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- The French Revolution
- Resource type
- Presentation