Indlela isitimu, iimfemtri namadorobho okwatjhugulula ngayo iBrithani - nendlela loyo mrhu wetjhuguluko owafika ngayo eSewula ye-Afrika.
Speaker notes
Thoma ngokubuza abafundi bona ngimiphi imitjhini neenthabiso abazisebenzisa qobe langa ezitlhoga iimfemtri, igezi namkha iphethroli bona zibe khona. Hlathulula iingcenye ezimbili zesihloko: kokuthoma iRhevholusjeni Yezimboni eyathoma eBrithani, bese indlela isidingo seenthako ezingakalungiswa, iimmaraga nabasebenzi esadonsa ngayo iSewula ye-Afrika ngephakathi ephasini elifanako lezimboni - khulukhulu ngamadayimani negolide. Chaza igama elithi 'irhevholusjeni' njengetjhuguluko elirhabako khulu, elidephileko, endleleni abantu abaphila begodu basebenza ngayo.
Ukusukela hlangana neminyaka yabo-1760, iBrithani yatjhuguluka isuka ekwenzeni izinto ngezandla iya ekuzenzeni ngemitjhini eemfemtrini.
IRhevholusjeni Yezimboni bekusikhathi, esathoma eBrithani hlangana neminyaka yabo-1700, lapha imitjhini emitjha nemithombo emitjha yamandla yavumela abantu bona benze izinto ngokurhabako begodu ngobunengi obukhulu kunangaphambili. Umsebenzi wakhamba usuka emakhaya nematlelweni amancani uya eemfemtrini ezikhulu.
- Ngaphambili: inengi labantu belilima umhlaba begodu lenza izinto ngezandla ekhaya.
- Ngemva: abantu abanengi basebenza imitjhini eemfemtrini emadorobheni namadorobheni amakhulu.
- IBrithani yarhola ngombana beyinamalahle, insimbi, imali yokutjala neendlela zokurhweba embusweni wayo.
Speaker notes
Gandelela ukuraga netjhuguluko. Abantu bebahlala benza amalaphu, amathulusi neembiza - kodwana ngezandla nangobunengi obuncani. IRhevholusjeni beyisebukhulwini nasejubaneni. Yethula umbono wokobana ukuthoma phambili kweBrithani kwabekelwe ngokwengcenye emnothweni neenthakweni ezingakalungiswa ezathathwa emakolonini wayo aphetjheya kwelwandle, okuyinto eqakathekako lokha nasifika eSewula ye-Afrika.
Injini yesitimu yanikela iimfemtri umthombo wamandla onamandla, othembekako, ongathembeli emilanjeni namkha emmoyeni.
Imitjhini yokuthoma beyiqhutjhwa mavili wamanzi, ngalokho iimfemtri bekufuze zakhiwe eduze nemilambo erhabako. Hlangana neminyaka yabo-1760 nabo-1770 unjiniyela weSkotlandi James Watt wathuthukisa khulu injini yesitimu, ebeyitjhisa amalahle bona ibilise amanzi begodu iqhube imitjhini. Nje ifemtri beyingakhiwa nanyana kuphi.
- Iinjini zesitimu bezimpompa amanzi asuka emigodini emidephileko yamalahle neyensimbi.
- Zanikela amandla imitjhini yokusonta neyokuluka eemfemtrini zamalaphu.
- Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi zaqhuba izitimela neenkepe, zithutha izinto nabantu ngokurhabako.
Speaker notes
Yenza isayensi ibe lula: tjhisa amanzi abe sisitimu, isitimu siphuqela i-piston, i-piston iphendula ivili eliqhuba imitjhini. Ikululeko eqakathekileko injini kaWatt eyayinikelako beyiyindawo - iimfemtri bezingasatlhogi ukuhlala emlanjeni. Hlanganisa nangaphambili: amalahle, iphethroli ebeliondla injini yesitimu, aba yenye yeemboni ezakhula ngokurhabako khulu.
Imitjhini, abasebenzi namahora amisiweko kwabuthelelwa ndawonye ngaphasi kophahla linye.
Imitjhini
Imitjhini emikhulu enamandla beyenza ngemizuzu lokho okwakuthatha umsebenzi amahora ngezandla.
Iwatjhi
Abasebenzi bekufuze bafike ngesikhathi begodu basebenze iinifthi ezide, ezimisiweko ezibekwa yibhela lefemtri.
Iimholo
Abantu abasazenzanga izinto zoke; babhadelwa umholo bona benze umsebenzi munye omncani ilanga loke.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa amakarada la amathathu ukuhlathulula bona bekuyini okutjha ngomsebenzi wefemtri: ukuziphatha ngewatjhi, ukwahlukaniswa komsebenzi ube misebenzi emincani ephindaphindwako, nokuthembela emholweni kunomhlaba namkha ubungcweti. Buza abafundi bona bamadanise lokhu nendlela umsebenzi obewuhlelwe ngayo ngaphambili - ekhaya, ngejubane lomndeni ngokwawo. Lokhu kubeka indleko yobuntu esilayidini esilandelako.
Iimboni ezitjha nezokuthutha ezitjha zondlana begodu zarhatjheka kilo yoke iBrithani.
Iinjini zesitimu bezitlhoga amalahle, imitjhini neentraka bezenziwe ngensimbi kwathi ngokukhamba kwesikhathi ngesitili, begodu iindlela zezitimela zesitimu bezithutha koke lokho ngokurhabako enarheni yoke. Ngo-1830 kwavulwa iLiverpool and Manchester Railway, kutjengisa bona abantu nezinto bezingakhamba msinya kangangani nje.
- Ukumbiwa kwamalahle nokwenziwa kwensimbi kwakhula kwaba ziimboni ezikhulu.
- Iindlela zezitimela nemisele yamanzi bezihlanganisa imigodi, iimfemtri, amadorobho namatheku.
- Iinkepe zesitimu bezithutha izinto zeBrithani - beziletha neenthako ezingakalungiswa - embusweni woke.
Speaker notes
Tjengisa ukusabela okuhlangeneko: isitimu sitlhoga amalahle, imitjhini neentraka kutlhoga insimbi, iindlela zezitimela zithutha zombili begodu zivula iimmaraga emitjha. Kungakho abalandi bomlando bakubiza nge'rhevholusjeni' - itjhuguluko linye labangela elinye. Veza isihlanganiso sombuso (iinkepe zesitimu norhwebo) ngombana sihlanganisa ngokunqophileko nokobana kubayini iBrithani yandisela eendaweni ezinjengeSewula ye-Afrika.
Iimfemtri zadonsa inengi labantu elikhulu elisuka emakhaya iya emadorobheni akhula ngokurhabako.
Ukwakheka kwamadorobho kutjho ukukhula kwamadorobho namadorobho amakhulu njengombana abantu bafudukela kiwo. Njengombana iimfemtri zivulwa, iimndeni yatjhiya amasimu iyokufuna umsebenzi, begodu amadorobho anjenge-Manchester ne-Birmingham akhula msinya khulu. Izindlu, amanzi nokuhlwengeka bekungakghoni ukukhamba nawo.
- Abasebenzi baminyana ezindlini ezirhwaphako, ezimtjhingako eduze neemfemtri.
- Ukuminyana nokungahlwengeki okumbi kwarhatjha amalwelwe.
- Okokuthoma, iinarha ezinengi bezinabantu abanengi abahlala emadorobheni kunalabo abahlala emakhaya.
Speaker notes
Chaza ukwakheka kwamadorobho ngokukghanyako ngombana ligama eliqakathekileko le-CAPS begodu libuyela lokha nasiqala iSewula Afrika. Linganisa isithombe: amadorobho anikela umsebenzi neemholo, kodwana amadorobho wokuthoma wezimboni bekaminyene begodu angakaphili kuhle. Buza abafundi bona idorobho labo namkha idorobho eliseduze lakhula ngebanga lemisebenzi - hlanganisa umqondo nephaseni labo.
IRhevholusjeni yadala umnotho omkhulu kwabanye kwathi kwabanengi yaletha umsebenzi obudisi, oyingozi.
Abanikazi beemfemtri nabarhwebi banotha, kwaba khona isigaba esiphakathi esitjha. Kodwana abasebenzi abanengi - kubandakanya abafazi nabantwana - basebenza amahora amade eemfemtrini nemigodini eyingozi ngokobana babhadelwe kancani. Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi, abasebenzi bakha imibumbano yabasebenzi balwela imithetho yokubavikela.
- Abantwana basebenza eemfemtrini nemigodini, begodu abanengi balimala. [SME] Qinisekisa naziphi na iminyaka ethileko namkha iimbalobalo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa.
- Abenzi bomtjhuguluko baphumelela imithetho enciphisa amahora wokusebenza nokusebenza kwabantwana.
- Umphakathi wahlukana khudlwana waba sigaba esinothileko esinamafa nesigaba sabasebenzi.
Speaker notes
Kuphathe ngokuzibophezelako: iphuzu kukuthi ukwenziwa kwezimboni kwaletha ithuthuko nobudisi ngesikhathi sinye. Gandelela imbangela nomphumela - iimbonelo ezimbi zaholela abasebenzi ekubumbeni imibumbano nokuphuqela imithetho yetjhuguluko. Iflege ye-[SME] itshwaya imininingwana yomsebenzi wabantwana: yenze ibe ngokuvamileko ngaphandle kokobana umbuyekezi anikele iminyaka namkha iimbalobalo eziqinisekisiweko. Umbono lo wesigaba esinothileko esinamafa nesigaba sabasebenzi udlulela ngokunqophileko emigodini yeSewula Afrika.
- 1764 I-spinning jenny irhabisa ukwenziwa kwentambo
- 1769 James Watt uthola ilungelo lomthetho lenjini yakhe yesitimu ethuthukisiweko
- 1785 I-power loom yenza ukuluka kube ngokwemitjhini
- 1825 Indlela yokuthoma yezitimela zesitimu yomphakathi (Stockton ukuya eDarlington)
- 1830 Kuvulwa iLiverpool and Manchester Railway
- 1840s IBrithani ilamandla wezimboni ahamba phambili ephasini
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa ilandelano lezikhathi ukuqinisa ingcenye yeBrithani yesihloko ngaphambi kokuwelela eSewula ye-Afrika. Buza abafundi bona babone iphetheni: imitjhini yamalaphu kokuthoma, bese amandla wesitimu, bese iindlela zezitimela ezithutha koke. Tjheja bona amalanga la yiindawo zetjhuguluko eziqikelelweko, kunalokho angesizo iimehlakalo eziqakathekileko kwaphela. [SME] Umbuyekezi kufuze aqinisekise amalanga anembileko ngokuvumelana nelandelano leemvumbulelo ze-SAHO ngaphambi kokuphrinda.
IBrithani yezimboni beyitlhoga iinthako ezingakalungiswa, iimmaraga emitjha nabasebenzi abarhwaphako - yaqala emakolonini wayo.
Iimfemtri zeBrithani bezitlhoga iinthako ezingakalungiswa ezinjengekotini, uboya beemvu neensimbi, begodu abarhwebi bayo bebafuna iimmaraga emitjha yokuthengisa izinto ezilungisiweko. Lokhu kwabangela iBrithani bona yandise umbuso wayo, kubandakanya eSewula ye-Afrika. Kwathi lapha kufunyanwa amadayimani bese kuba negolide, lokho kudonsa kwaba namandla khulu.
- Umnotho wezimboni bewutlhoga iinthako ezingaphiwa makoloni.
- Imali yeBrithani nemitjhini kwangena ukumba nokwakha iindlela zezitimela.
- Lokhu kanengi kubizwa nge-Rhevholusjeni Yamaminerali eSewula Afrika.
Speaker notes
Hlanganisa iingcenye ezimbili zesihloko ngokukghanyako. Amandla afanako aenza iBrithani yaba nezimboni - indlala yeenthako ezingakalungiswa, iimmaraga nenzuzo - abumba kabutjha iSewula ye-Afrika. Yethula i-'Rhevholusjeni Yamaminerali' njengebizo lendawo letjhuguluko lezimboni elirhabako leSewula Afrika, eliqhutjhwa kukumba kunamalaphu. Le yindawo eqakathekileko yesifundo.
Ukufunyanwa kwamadayimani kwatjhugulula isifunda esithulileko saba lidorobho lokumba elikhulako phcede ngobusuku bunye.
Ukusukela ngo-1867 amadayimani afunyanwa eduze nemilambo i-Orange ne-Vaal, kwathoma ukubaleka okukhulu eduze nalapho okwaba yiyo iKimberley. Iinkulungwana zabambi zamba iBig Hole edumileko. Ngo-1888 uCecil John Rhodes wahlanganisa imigodi ngaphasi kwenkampani yakhe, i-De Beers Consolidated Mines, wathola ukulawula inengi lamadayimani wephasi loke.
- IKimberley yakhula yaba lelinye lamadorobho amakhulu eSewula ye-Afrika.
- Abambi abancani basuswa njengombana iinkampani ezinothileko zithatha.
- Abasebenzi abanzima bebahlaliswa emakhampomini avaliweko begodu babhadelwa okuncani khulu kunabasebenzi abamhlophe.
Speaker notes
IKimberley siyisibonelo sokuthoma esikghanyako seRhevholusjeni Yamaminerali. Imibono emikhulu emibili: ukubaleka kwadala idorobho elikhulu lezimboni ngaphakathi enarheni, begodu ukulawula kwadlulela msinya kusuka kubambi abancani abanengi kuya eenkampanini ezimbalwa ezinamandla ezirholwa nguRhodes. Yethula ihlelo lekhampomu nelabasebenzi abafudukako kancane lapha; islayidi esilandelako siyalithuthukisa. [SME] Qinisekisa ukuhlelwa kwe-Eureka (1867) ngokumadaniswa ne-Kimberley 'New Rush' (1871) nakutlhogeka amalanga anembileko.
Ukufunyanwa kwegolide ngo-1886 kwadala iJohannesburg begodu kwenza iSewula Afrika yaba sesenta somnotho wephasi.
Ngo-1886 kwafunyanwa umthapho omkhulu wegolide eWitwatersrand, begodu idorobho lokumba iJohannesburg lavela ngeenyanga ezimbalwa. Igolide beyilele phasi ngaphasi komhlaba, ngalokho ukuyimba bekutlhoga imitjhini ebizako, iinkampani ezikhulu nabasebenzi abanengi khulu.
- IJohannesburg yaba lidorobho elikhula ngokurhabako khulu eSewula ye-Afrika.
- Ukumba okudephileko bekutlhoga imali enengi, ngalokho izindlu zokumba zakhula zaba namandla khulu.
- Igolide lenza iSewula Afrika yaqakatheka eBrithani nakiwo woke umnotho wephasi.
Speaker notes
Madanisa amadayimani negolide. Amadayimani bekangathathwa esiphandeni ekuthomeni; igolide yeWitwatersrand beyidephile begodu inezinga eliphasi, ngalokho kusukela ekuthomeni beyitlhoga imitjhini esindako, imigodi edephileko nemali enengi. Kungakho iinkampani zokumba ezinamandla nabasebenzi abanengi khulu bavela msinya kangaka. IJohannesburg siyisibonelo esikghanyako khulu seSewula Afrika sokwakheka kwamadorobho okuqhutjhwa zizimboni.
Imigodi yatjhugulula lapho nendlela abantu beSewula Afrika ebebahlala begodu basebenza ngayo.
Imigodi beyitlhoga inengi labasebenzi elirhwaphako. Amadoda anzima amanengi bekakhamba ibanga elide asuka eemphandeni ukuyokusebenza emigodini iinyanga ngesikhathi sinye - ihlelo labasebenzi abafudukako - kukuthi iimndeni yawo isele emuva. Abasebenzi bahlala emakhampomini aminyeneko, babhadelwa iimholo eziphasi begodu bekufuze bathwale amaphasi abelawula ukukhamba kwabo.
- Iintela nokulahlekelwa mhlaba kwaphuqela amadoda amanengi weemphandeni bona afune umsebenzi wemigodini.
- Ukwahlukaniswa ngokobuhlanga emiholweni nezindlini kwakhiwa ehlelweni lokumba.
- Ukuhlangana kwabasebenzi abafudukako nokulawula ngokobuhlanga kwabumba iSewula Afrika isikhathi eside ngemva kwaka-1900.
Speaker notes
Lesi silayidi esizwelako khulu - sethule ngeqiniso nangokutjheja. Umnotho wamaminerali awuzange udale umnotho namadorobho kwaphela; wadala ihlelo labasebenzi abafudukako, amakhampomu, iimholo eziphasi ngokobuhlanga nokulawulwa kwamaphasi okwabangela ubudisi bamambala nokuhlukanisa iimndeni. Yenza isihlanganiso nengcenye yeBrithani: njengombana abasebenzi beBrithani baqalana neembonelo ezibudisi nomphakathi ohlukeneko, umnotho wemigodi weSewula Afrika wakhiqiza ukungalingani okudephileko - lapha okuhlelwe ngokweemugca zobuhlanga. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nangaphambili neenhloko ezizako zokuhlukaniswa ne-apartheid.
Amandla afanako wezimboni akhiqiza iintjhuguluko ezifanako eendaweni ezimbili ezihlukene khulu.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa islayidi esieqadi nezeqadi ukuveza ikghono le-CAPS lokumadanisa. Ukufana: ukukhula okurhabako kwezimboni, amadorobho akhula msinya, ukwahlukana okukhulu kwemiphakathi hlangana nabanikazi nabasebenzi. Umehluko oqakathekileko: eSewula Afrika ukwahlukana loko kwahlelwa ngobuhlanga, begodu abasebenzi bebafuduka khulu. Yenza abafundi baphakamise ukufana kunye nomehluko munye ngamezwi wabo ngaphambi kobana uveze iikholomu.
Isitimu neemfemtri kwatjhugulula iBrithani; amadayimani negolide kwadonsa iSewula Afrika ngephakathi ephasini elifanako lezimboni.
IRhevholusjeni Yezimboni yathutha umsebenzi ngephakathi eemfemtrini eziqhutjhwa mitjhini, yazalisa amadorobho ngabantu, begodu yahlukanisa umphakathi waba banikazi nabasebenzi. Isidingo seBrithani seenthako neemmaraga, ndawonye nokufunyanwa kwe-amadayimani ne-golide, kwaletha itjhuguluko lezimboni elirhabako eSewula Afrika ngendlela ye-Rhevholusjeni Yamaminerali.
Q. Hlathulula bona injini yesitimu yatjhugulula njani indlela izinto ebezenziwa ngayo eBrithani. (4 marks)
Q. Chaza iindlela ezimbili ukufunyanwa kwamadayimani negolide okwatjhugulula ngazo ipilo eSewula ye-Afrika. (6 marks)
Q. Nikela indlela yinye itjhuguluko lezimboni ebeliyifana ngayo eBrithani neSewula ye-Afrika, nendlela yinye ebelihluke ngayo. (4 marks)
Speaker notes
Phetha ngokubuyela embuzweni wesihloko: itjhuguluko eBrithani lafinyelela njani eSewula ye-Afrika? Buyekeza umketjezo - isitimu neemfemtri, ukwakheka kwamadorobho, ukwahlukana kwemiphakathi, bese amandla afanako afika lapha ngokumba. Sebenzisa imibuzo emithathu njengomsebenzi otloliweko namkha ipiskiswano; ukwabelwa kwamamaki kulandela iindlela ze-CAPS ezisekelwe emithonjeni nokutlola okukhambisako. Khumbuza abafundi bona isihloko lesi sibeka umsebenzi ozako wokwandiswa kwekoloni, iPi yeSewula Afrika nokuhlukaniswa.
- Grade
- Grade 8
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- The Industrial Revolution in Britain and southern Africa
- Resource type
- Presentation