Ukukholoniyaliswa kweKapa, ama-1600 - ama-1700
Indlela inkampani yokuthengiselana yamaDutch eyakha ngayo indawo yokuhlala eKapa - nendlela indawo leyo eyatjhugulula ngayo ipilo yamaKhoikhoi, amaSan nezinkulungwana zabantu ebebagqilazwe.
Speaker notes
Thoma ngokubuza abafundi bona bacabanga ukuthi 'ikoloni' iyini nokuthi kubayini iinkepe zamaYurophu bezikhamba zidlula eKapa ngeenkulungwana zama-1600. Beka phambili imicabango emikhulu emibili yesifundo lesi: (1) amaDutch afika ukuzokuthengiselana, angakafiki ukuzonqoba ekuthomeni, kodwana indawo yawo yokuhlala yakhula begodu yathatha inarha; (2) indawo yokuhlala yakhelwa phezu komsebenzi wabantu ebebagqilazwe begodu yaholela ekuthathelweni kwenarha yamaKhoikhoi namaSan. Hlathulula 'ukukholoniyaliswa' ngokulula - lokha abantu bevela kwelinye izwe bahlala begodu bathathe ilawulo lenarha yabanye abantu.
Abantu bokuthoma beKapa
AmaKhoikhoi namaSan bebahlala eningizimu ye-Afrika iminyaka eyizinkulungwana ngaphambi kobana kufike naliphi ikepe.
Kunamaqembu amabili ebekahlala eKapa ngaphambi kokufika kwamaDutch. AmaSan bebazingeli-nabaqoqi ebebakhamba nezikhathi zomnyaka, bazingela ngemitjhoko enesihlungu begodu baqoqe iintjalo zeganga. AmaKhoikhoi bebafuyi (abelusi) ebebafuya imihlambi emikhulu yeenkomo neemvu begodu balinganisa umnotho wabo ngefuyo.
- Ibizo elithi 'Khoikhoi' kanengi kuthiwa litjho 'amadoda phakathi kwamadoda' namkha 'abantu abantu'.
- AmaKhoikhoi bafudusela imihlambi yabo enarheni yokudla etja eduze kwelwandle nemilambo.
- Amaqembu amabili ndawonye kwezinye iinkhathi abizwa ngokuthi ngamaKhoisan, ngombana bebahlanganyela iinlimi ezinemidumo yokupatelela (click sounds).
Speaker notes
Gandelela bona iKapa bekungasi yinarha eyingazi - beyilikhaya lemiphakathi ebeyihlezi khona inomnotho wayo, iinlimi neendlela zokuphila. Lokhu kuqakathekile kikho koke okulandelako: lokha amaDutch athatha inarha yokudla, bebathatha kubantu ebebathembele kiyo. Lungisa ilizombezombe elidala elithi inarha 'beyingasetjenziswa'. Tjho bona iindlela zokuphila zamaSan namaKhoikhoi bezikhandana begodu abantu ngezinye iinkhathi bebafudukela phakathi kwazo.
IVOC: inkampani yokuthengiselana
IDutch East India Company beyifuna iziyoliso zokudla ezivela e-Asia - nendawo ephephileko yokujama endleleni ede yelwandle.
IDutch East India Company (ngesiDutch, Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie, namkha VOC) yasungulwa ngo-1602. Beyingenye yeenkampani ezinjinga ephasini begodu beyithengiselana ngeziyoliso zokudla ezifana ne-pelepele, ikinamoni ne-nutmeg phakathi kweYurophu ne-Asia.
- Ikhambo lelwandle ukusuka eNetherlands ukuya e-Asia belithatha iinyanga ezinengi.
- Amatjhorho kanengi bewagula begodu afe kubulwelwe obubizwa nge-scurvy, obubangelwa kukudla okumbi.
- IVOC beyitlhoga 'isikhephe sohlangothi' lapho iinkepe bezingathatha khona amanzi ahlwengekileko, imirorho nenyama.
Speaker notes
Hlathulula bona iVOC beyingasi urhulumende ekuthomeni kodwana beyiyinkampani yokuthengiselana yabantu - kodwana beyinamandla amakhulu kangangobana beyingakwazi ukubuthelela amabutho, yakhe iinqaba begodu yenze iindumiso (treaties). Hlanganisa isidingo sesikhephe nekhambo lakade lamaPutukezi (Dias, da Gama) esebekavele babhoda iKapa. Yenza ibanga lomuntu libe qatha: i-scurvy yabulala amatjhorho amanengi, ngalokho ukudla okuhlwengekileko eKapa kwasindisa iimpilo nemali.
UJan van Riebeeck uyafika
IVOC yathumela uJan van Riebeeck ukuzokwakha isikhephe sokuhlomelela eTable Bay.
Ngomhlaka 6 kuSihlabantangana 1652, uJan van Riebeeck wafika eTable Bay neqembu elincani labasebenzi beNkampani. Umsebenzi wabo bekukwakha inqaba begodu batjale ukudla ukuze bahlomelele iinkepe ezidlulako. Ekuthomeni, iKapa beyilindeleke bona ibe sisikhephe sokuhlomelela kwaphela, ingasi ikoloni.
- AmaDutch akha inqaba yodaka nezinkuni ukuze bavikeleke.
- Batjala iSimu yeNkampani ukuze bakhulise imirorho neenthelo ezihlwengekileko.
- UVan Riebeeck bekayaliwe bona athengiselane ngokuthula namaKhoikhoi ngeenkomo neemvu.
Speaker notes
Gandelela ibizo elithi 'isikhephe sokuhlomelela' - amaDutch bekangahlosi ukwakha ikoloni ekulu. Lokhu kuqakathekile ekutjengiseni itjhuguluko ngokukhamba kwesikhathi: okwathoma kancani kwakhula kwaba yindawo yokuhlala eyathatha isifunda soke. Tjho bona uvan Riebeeck bekabhala idayari eneemininingwana, okumthombo oqakathekileko wokuthoma abalandi bomlando abasawusebenzisa. Buza abafundi bona baqagele bona yini engaletha impi lokha amaDutch atlhoga inarha nokudla okunengi khulu.
Ukusuka esikhepheni ukuya endaweni yokuhlala
Ngeminyaka embalwa kwaphela isikhephe esincani sathoma ukurhaba enarheni yamaKhoikhoi.
Ngo-1657 iVOC yavumela abanye babasebenzi bayo bona babe ma-free burgher - iimakhamzana ekhululekileko ezasuka eNkampanini bona zilime inarha yazo eduze kwenqaba. Ukuze bondle indawo yokuhlala ekhulako bebatlhoga inarha enengi nabasebenzi abanengi, ngalokho indawo yokuhlala yagcugcuzelela ngaphandle isuka eTable Bay.
- Ama-free burgher anikelwa iimplasi enarheni amaKhoikhoi ebeyisetjenziselwa ukudla.
- Ngo-1688 iimphephi zamaFrench Huguenot zafika begodu zasiza ukuthoma ukulinywa kwewayini.
- Njengombana iimplasi zirhaba, iimakhamzana zatlhoga isibalo esikhulu, esitjhaphileko sabasebenzi.
Speaker notes
Isilayidi lesi lisamba sesifundo: itjhuguluko ukusuka esikhepheni sokuhlomelela ukuya ekolonini yeemakhamzana erhabako. Hlathulula 'free burgher' ngokulula - abasebenzi ababa ziimlimi ezizijamele. Amandla amabili nje ayahlohla ukukholoniyaliswa: indlala yenarha (eyathathwa emaKhoikhoi) nendlala yabasebenzi (eyaholela ebugqileni, kumasilayidi alandelako). Ama-Huguenot ka-1688 asibonelo esihle sokukhula nokuhlangana kwesibalo seemakhamzana.
AmaDutch namaKhoikhoi
Njengombana iimakhamzana zithatha inarha yokudla, ukuthengiselana kwaphenduka impi begodu amaKhoikhoi alahlekelwa kuzijamela kwawo.
Ekuthomeni amaKhoikhoi bebathengiselana ngeenkomo namaDutch. Kodwana njengombana iimplasi zirhaba enarheni yabo yokudla, amaKhoikhoi alahlekelwa yinarha yokudla neenlwana. Lokhu kwaholela empini yokuthoma yamaKhoikhoi namaDutch (1659-1660) nempini yesibili (1673-1677). AmaDutch, aneenganja namahhashi, kancanikancani athatha ilawulo.
- Abadosi bamaKhoikhoi abanjengoDoman badosa phambili ukujamelana nokulahlekelwa yinarha yabo.
- U-Autshumato (obizwa ngokuthi 'Harry' ngamaDutch) wenza njengomthengiseli nomtjhugululi.
- UKrotoa, umuntu omntazana omutjha womKhoikhoi, wasebenza njengomtjhugululi endlini kavan Riebeeck.
Speaker notes
Phatha lokhu njengehliziyo yokuthathelwa kwenarha kekoloni, ezingeni leBanga 7. Ukuthengiselana bekungalingani kusukela ekuthomeni, begodu lokha inarha isiyarhalwa yeemplasi amaKhoikhoi bebangakghoni ukugcina imihlambi yawo ikhamba. Bawaphathe abantu ngamabizo ukuze umlando ungabi ngaphandle kobuso: uDoman (ukujamelana), u-Autshumato (ukuthengiselana/ukutjhugulula), uKrotoa/Eva (umtjhugululi obhajwe phakathi kwamazwe amabili). [SME] Ngiyabawa uvivinye indlela okubekwa ngayo uKrotoa - umlando wepilo yakhe uraro begodu ngezinye iinkhathi uyaphikiswa; qiniseka amagama afanele iklasi ngaphambi kwomkhiqizo.
Kubayini iVOC yaletha abantu abagqilaziweko
INkampani beyingavumeli iimakhamzana bona zigqilaze amaKhoikhoi, ngalokho yangenisa abantu abagqilaziweko abavela e-Indian Ocean yoke.
Iimakhamzana bezitlhoga abasebenzi beemplasi namakhaya wazo, kodwana iVOC yavimbela ukugqilazwa kwamaKhoikhoi welendawo. Endaweni yalokho iNkampani yangenisa abantu abagqilaziweko ngekepe. Amaqembu amakhulu wokuthoma afika ngo-1658 ngeenkepe Amersfoort ne*Hasselt*, begodu iKapa kancanikancani yaba mmango wobugqila.
- Abantu abagqilaziweko benza umsebenzi weplasi, wokwakha, wokupheka nomsebenzi wekhaya.
- Ukuba nabantu abagqilaziweko kwaba yinto ejayelekileko emindenini eminengi yeemakhamzana.
- Ngeenkulungwana zama-1700 kanengi bekunabantu abagqilaziweko abanengi eKapa kunabahlali abakhululekileko.
Speaker notes
Yethula ubugqila ngokutjheja nangokukhanyako. Yenza umqondo ucace: iNkampani yavikela amaKhoikhoi ebugqileni (kwenzeleni ukugcina ukuthengiselana ngeenkomo), kodwana beyinganamraro wokungenisa abantu abagqilaziweko abavela kwezinye iindawo. Gandelela bona abantu abagqilaziweko bebabantu abaphila abaphathwa njengefuyo ngokungathandi kwabo - ingasi 'iinceku'. Iqiniso elirarako lokobana abagqilaziweko ngezinye iinkhathi bebabanengi ukudlula abahlali abakhululekileko litjengisa bona ubugqila bebusesamba sekoloni yoke. [SME] Qiniseka bona iininingwana ka-1658 we-Amersfoort/Hasselt zisezingeni elifaneleko leBanga 7.
Lapho abantu abagqilaziweko bebavela khona
Abantu bebabanjwa begodu bathunyelwe eKapa besuka emazweni amanengi azombeleze i-Indian Ocean.
Abantu abagqilaziweko baletjhwa eKapa besuka eEast Africa, eMadagascar, eIndia neziqhingini zalokho okuyi-Indonesia namhlanjesi. Bahluthulwe emakhaya nemindenini yabo, bafika bakhuluma iinlimi ezinengi ezahlukeneko. EKapa, abantu abagqilaziweko abanikelwa yiNkampani bebagcinwe eSlave Lodge.
- Abantu abagqilaziweko baletha amakghono wabo, ukudla, umvumo namakholelo abo.
- Abanengi bebamaSlamsi, begodu i-Islam yatjhinga eKapa ngabo.
- Amasiko wabo asiza ukubumba ilimi nokudla esikubiza nje ngokuthi yiCape Malay.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa ibalazwe lomduli nawunalo, ulandele iindlela ze-Indian Ocean. Gandelela ibanga lomuntu: abantu bebahlukaniswa nemindeni namakhaya begodu bagandelelwa bona bakhe iimpilo phakathi kwabantu abangabaziko. Bese ukhanyisela ukuqina nefagelo - imiphakathi egqilaziweko yasiza ukwenza ukupheka kweCape Malay, ilimi lesi-Afrikaans nomphakathi wamaSlamsi ohlala unaphakade. Tjho iSlave Lodge eKapa, abafundi abasengayivakatjhela njengomnyuziyamu namhlanjesi.
Iimpilo ezibudisi, imimoya eqinileko
Abantu abagqilaziweko bebanganawo amalungelo cha, kodwana bafumana iindlela zokujamelana nezokugcina ubuntu babo.
Abantu abagqilaziweko bebangathengwa bathengiswe, bagandelelwa ukusebenza amahora amade, begodu bebajeziswa kabuhlungu. Imithetho eqinileko beyilawula bona bangaya kuphi nokuthi bangenzani. Kodwana ngitjho nangaphasi kweembandezelo ezinelunya, abantu bajamelana - ngokubalekela, ukusebenza kancani, ukugcina amakholelo abo, namkha ngezinye iinkhathi bavukela.
- Abantu abagqilaziweko bebangavumelekile ukuba nefuyo namkha ukukhamba ngokukhululeka.
- Imindeni beyingahlukaniswa lokha amalunga athengiswa kabanikazi abahlukeneko.
- Ukubambelela elimini, ekholweni nomvumeni bekukwenzeko okuyihlobo lokujamelana.
Speaker notes
Isilayidi lesi sibawa abafundi bona bacabange ngobulunya nesibindi. Gcina ithoni ithembekile kodwana ingabi nemifanekiso ebuhlungu - phawula ukungabikho kobulungiswa ngokukhanyako lokha ugandelela isithunzi nokujamelana kwabantu abagqilaziweko, ukuze isifundo singabenzi babe zizisulu kwaphela. Umbuzo wokucoca omuhle: kubayini ukugcina ilimi lakho namkha ikholo kungaba yisenzo sokujamelana? [SME] Ngiyabawa uvivinye izinga leeniningwana ngesijeziso naliphi ivukelo elivezwe ngebizo ongafuna ukulifaka ngobuthakathaka beBanga 7.
Ukwanda kwekoloni ngaphakathi
Ngeenkulungwana zama-1700 iimlimi zeemakhamzana zagcugcuzelela kude ngale kweKapa, zithatha inarha eengeziweko.
Ngeenkulungwana zama-1700, iimlimi zeenkomo ezibizwa nge-trekboer zalayitjha imindeni yazo eengqolotjhweni zeenkabi begodu zatjhinga ngaphakathi khulu enarheni zifuna inarha yokudla. Njengombana umngcele wekoloni ugcugcuzelela etlhagwini nepumalanga, waragela phambili uthatha inarha yamaKhoikhoi namaSan, ebajamelana kodwana basuswa enarheni yabo namkha bagandelelwa bona basebenzele iimakhamzana.
- Ama-trekboer aphila ipilo yohlobo lokutjhinga-tjhinga kude nelawulo leNkampani.
- Umngcele ohambako waletha imiraro emitjha ngenarha, iinkomo namanzi.
- AmaKhoikhoi namaSan amanengi abulawa, asuswa, namkha enziwa bona asebenze eemplasini zeemakhamzana.
Speaker notes
Hlathulula 'umngcele' njengehlangothi elihlala likhamba lekoloni. Ama-trekboer atjengisa indlela ukukholoniyaliswa okwaragela phambili ngayo ukusabalala isikhathi eside ngemva kuka-1652, kude nelawulo leNkampani. Gcina imiphumela icacile: ukwanda lokhu kwaqalisa ukuthathelwa kwenarha okuragako, ubudlhula nomsebenzi wangaphangeleli emiphakathini yamaKhoikhoi namaSan. Lokhu kuhlanganisa phambili neempi zomngcele abafundi abazazihlangabezana nazo emabangeni alandelako.
Ubhubhane wengxibongo (smallpox)
Ubulwelwe obalethwa ngekepe basiza ukwephula umphakathi wamaKhoikhoi eKapa.
Ngo-1713 ubhubhane we-smallpox (ingxibongo) warhatjheka eKapa. AmaKhoikhoi bengakhenge afinyelele kubulwelwe lobu bamaYurophu begodu bebanganamandla wokubulwana nabo, ngalokho abantu abanengi khulu bahlongakala. Ndawonye nokulahlekelwa yinarha neenkomo, ubhubhane wahlukanisa imiphakathi eminengi yamaKhoikhoi unaphakade.
- I-smallpox kucatjangwa bona yafika ngeempahla zokuwatjhwa zekepe eledlulako.
- Iindlu zoke zamaKhoikhoi zalahlekelwa yingcenye enengi yamalunga wazo.
- Abasindako kanengi bebanganakukhetha ngaphandle kokusebenza njengabasebenzi beemakhamzana.
Speaker notes
Hlathulula bona kubayini ubhubhane 'wenarha etja' (virgin soil) bebubulala kangaka: amaKhoikhoi bebanganawo amandla wokubulwana ne-smallpox. Hlanganisa amagadango amathathu aphula ukuzijamela kwamaKhoikhoi - ukulahlekelwa yinarha, ukulahlekelwa yiinkomo, nanje ubulwelwe. Tjheja ungatjho bona ubulwelwe bebusisisusa esisodwa; basebenza ndawonye nokukholoniyaliswa nokuthathelwa kwenarha. [SME] Qiniseka idatha ka-1713 nehlathululo 'yeempahla zokuwatjhwa zekepe' kuSAHO ngaphambi komkhiqizo.
Amalanga aqakathekileko, 1602-1713
- 1602 IVOC (Dutch East India Company) iyasungulwa
- 1652 UJan van Riebeeck ufika eTable Bay
- 1657 Ama-free burgher wokuthoma athola iimplasi zawo
- 1658 Amaqembu amakhulu wokuthoma wabantu abagqilaziweko afika
- 1659 Impi yokuthoma yamaKhoikhoi namaDutch iyathoma
- 1713 Ubhubhane we-smallpox utjhabalalisa amaKhoikhoi
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa isilayidi lesi ukuhlanganisa ukulandelana ngaphambi kokubuyekeza. Bawa abafundi bona baphawule ipatheni: amaDutch afika ukuzokuthengiselana, indawo yokuhlala iyakhula, inarha iyathathwa, abantu abagqilaziweko baletjhwa, begodu amaKhoikhoi alahlekelwa kuzijamela kwawo. Yenza abafundi batlole ilayini yesikhathi ezincwadini zabo begodu bengeze umutjho munye ohlathulula bona kubayini ilanga ngalinye liqakathekile.
Esikufundileko
Isikhephe sokuthengiselana sakhula saba yikoloni eyakhelwe phezu kwenarha ebiweko nomsebenzi wangaphangeleli - kutjhugulula iKapa unaphakade.
IKapa yathoma njengesikhephe sokuhlomelela seVOC ngo-1652, kodwana yakhula yaba yikoloni yeemakhamzana. Ukukholoniyaliswa kwatjho ukuthathelwa kwenarha kwamaKhoikhoi namaSan, nommango owakhelwa phezu kobugqila babantu abalethwa besuka e-Indian Ocean yoke. Iintjhuguluko lezi zisabumba inarha, iinlimi nabantu beSewula Afrika namhlanjesi.
Q. Kubayini iVOC beyifuna isikhephe eKapa, begodu kubayini sakhula saba yikoloni? (4 marks)
Q. Hlathulula iindlela ezimbili amaKhoikhoi alahlekelwa ngazo yinarha nokuzijamela kwawo ngeenkulungwana zama-1600 nama-1700. (6 marks)
Q. Abantu abagqilaziweko bebaletjhwa besuka kuphi, begodu basiza njani ukubumba ipilo eKapa? (4 marks)
Speaker notes
Phetha ngokubuyela emicabangweni emikhulu: ukukholoniyaliswa bekumalungana nenarha nomsebenzi. Sebenzisa imibuzo emithathu njengomsebenzi otloliweko namkha ingcoco yeklasi; ukwabiwa kwamamaka kulandela iindlela zeCAPS ezisekelwe emithonjeni nokutlolwa kwe-paragraph. Khumbuza abafundi bona umlando lo uhlanganisa nenarha, iinlimi (njenge-Afrikaans) nemiphakathi (njengomphakathi wamaSlamsi weKapa) abayaziko namhlanjesi, begodu ubeka phambili iindaba ezizako ngamaBhritani eKapa neempi zomngcele.
- Grade
- Grade 7
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- Colonisation of the Cape in the 17th and 18th centuries
- Resource type
- Presentation