Abahloli BaseYurophu Bathola INingizimu ye-Afrika
Indlela amatilosi asePortugal nawaseNetherlands afinyelela ngayo esiphethweni se-Afrika, nokuthi uhambo lwawo olude lwalusho ukuthini kubantu ababevele behlala lapha.
Speaker notes
Qala ngokubuza abafundi ukuthi 'umhloli' uyini nokuthi kungani abantu bakudala babengena ngemikhumbi ezilwandle ababengazazi. Beka imiqondo emikhulu emibili yalesi sifundo: (1) amatilosi asePortugal, kwabe sekulandela aseNetherlands (iHolland), athola indlela yolwandle ezungeza iNingizimu ye-Afrika, futhi (2) ukufika kwawo kwaguqula impilo yamaKhoikhoi namaSan ayevele ehlala lapha. Khumbuza abafundi ukuthi 'ukuthola' indawo akusho ukuthi yayingenamuntu - abantu babehlala lapha izinkulungwane zeminyaka.
Kungani abaseYurophu babefuna ukuwela beye eningizimu?
Babefuna indlela yolwandle eya kwezohwebo olucebile lwaseMpumalanga.
Endulo, izinongo ezinjengopelepele nesinamoni, kanye nesilika negolide, kwakufika eYurophu kuvela kude eNdiya naseMpumalanga. Kwakuhamba kancane ngasemhlabathini, ngakho kwakubiza kakhulu.
- Amakhosi aseYurophu ayefuna indlela esheshayo neshibhile yokufinyelela eMpumalanga ngolwandle.
- Abantu basePortugal banquma ukuwela beye eningizimu belandela ugu lwase-Afrika ukuze bathole leyo ndlela.
- Akekho eYurophu owayesazi ukuthi imikhumbi yayingakwazi yini ukuzungeza ingezansi le-Afrika.
Speaker notes
Yigcine iqinisile: isizathu salolu hambo oluyingozi kwakuyimali nezohwebo. Izinongo zazisetshenziselwa ukunonga nokulondoloza ukudla, futhi zaziyigugu elikhulu. Chaza ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi abaseYurophu kwakumele bathenge izimpahla zaseMpumalanga besebenzisa abahwebi abaningi, okwakuzenza zibize - indlela eqondile yolwandle yayizovumela iPortugal ukuthi izihwebele yona ngokwayo. Ungabasindi abafundi ngamagama okwamanje; abahloli beza ngokulandelayo.
Abantu ababevele behlala lapha
INingizimu ye-Afrika yayiyikhaya lamaKhoikhoi namaSan kudala ngaphambi kokufika komkhumbi waseYurophu.
AmaSan ayengabazingeli nababuthi ababezingela izilwane bebuthe nezitshalo. AmaKhoikhoi ayefuye imihlambi yezinkomo nezimvu futhi ehamba efuna utshani obusha namanzi. Ndawonye avame ukubizwa ngokuthi amaKhoisan.
- Ayehlale eNingizimu ye-Afrika izinkulungwane zeminyaka.
- AmaKhoikhoi aseduze nogu ahlangana namatilosi okuqala aseYurophu ubuso nobuso.
- Lo mhlaba wawuyikhaya lawo - wawungenamuntu noma ulinde 'ukutholwa'.
Speaker notes
Lesi sithombe sibalulekile ukuze umlando ube nobulungiswa neqiniso. Yenza kucace ukuthi abantu babehlala lapha isikhathi eside kakhulu benendlela yabo yokuphila. Hlukanisa kahle: amaSan ayengabazingeli nababuthi, amaKhoikhoi ayengabelusi abanezinkomo nezimvu. Igama elithi 'ukuthola' noma 'ukufumana' lisetshenziswa ngokombono waseYurophu; amaKhoisan ayevele ewazi lo mhlaba njengekhaya. Lokhu kulungiselela 'ukuhlangana kokuqala' kamuva.
IPortugal ihola indlela
Isinyathelo nesinyathelo, amatilosi asePortugal enza amabalazwe ogu olusentshonalanga lwe-Afrika.
Amatilosi asePortugal awazange awele yonke indlela ngasikhathi sinye. Kulo lonke uhambo aya kancane phambili ngaseningizimu ogwini lwase-Afrika bese ebuyela ekhaya ukuze abelane ngalokho ayekufundile.
- Ayewela ngemikhumbi eqinile yokhuni ebizwa ngokuthi ama-caravel eyayikwazi ukuwela imelene nomoya.
- Umkhaphiteni ngamunye wayengeza ugu olusha emabalazweni asePortugal.
- Umgomo wabo wawusengowokuthola isiphetho esikude se-Afrika bese beqhubeka bewela beya eMpumalanga.
Speaker notes
Chaza ukuthi ukuhlola kwakuyinqubo ehamba kancane, enokunakekela, isinyathelo nesinyathelo eminyakeni eminingi, hhayi uhambo olulodwa. Yethula i-caravel: umkhumbi olula, osheshayo owawukwazi ukuwela umelene nomoya, okwenza uhambo olude lolwandle lwenzeke. Gcina amagama emalula lapha - abakhaphiteni ababili abadumile (uDias noda Gama) bathola izithombe zabo ngokulandelayo.
Ukuthola indlela olwandle
Ngaphandle kwamabalazwe olwandle oluvulekile, amatilosi asebenzisa ilanga, izinkanyezi namathuluzi alula.
Kude olwandle azikho izindlela noma iziqondiso zendlela. Abahloli basebenzisa ikhampasi ukuthola inyakatho, futhi babuka ilanga nezinkanyezi ukuze bathole ukuthi bakuphi.
- Ithuluzi elibizwa ngokuthi i-astrolabe lalisiza ukukala ukuthi ilanga noma inkanyezi iphakeme kangakanani esibhakabhakeni.
- AmaPortugal atshala iziphambano ezinkulu zamatshe, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-padrao, ogwini ukuphawula ukuthi afinyelele kude kangakanani.
- Uhambo lwalulokhu luyingozi - iziphepho, indlala nokugula kwakungabahlasela bekude nekhaya.
Speaker notes
Lesi yisithombe esibambekayo, esinelukuluku - abafundi beBanga 6 bayakuthanda 'ukuthi kanjani'. Chaza kalula ukuthi inaliti yekhampasi njalo ikhomba inyakatho, nokuthi ukuphakama kwelanga noma izinkanyezi kwakutshela amatilosi ukuthi asenyakatho noma eningizimu kangakanani. Yethula i-'padrao' (isiphambano setshe) ngoba uDias watshala esisodwa futhi sivela esithombeni esilandelayo. Gcizelela ingozi yangempela ukuze kwakheke inhlonipho ngokuthi lezi zohambo zazinzima kangakanani.
UBartolomeu Dias uzungeza iCape
Ngo-1488 umkhaphiteni wasePortugal waba ngowokuqala waseYurophu owaziwayo ngokuzungeza isiphetho se-Afrika.
UBartolomeu Dias wawela waya kude kakhulu eningizimu kwaze kwathi isiphepho saphephetha imikhumbi yakhe sayizungeza ingezansi le-Afrika ngaphandle kokuthi abone ngisho umhlaba. Wayeseyizungezile iCape, ekhombisa ukuthi imikhumbi yayingafinyelela eMpumalanga ngolwandle.
- Wehlela eMossel Bay watshala isiphambano setshe ogwini.
- Ekuqaleni wayibiza le ndawo ngokuthi 'iCape Yeziphepho' ngenxa yesimo sezulu esinolaka.
- INkosi yasePortugal yayiqamba kabusha ngokuthi iCape of Good Hope (iCape Yethemba Elihle), ngoba manje kwase kunethemba lokufinyelela eNdiya.
Speaker notes
Lolu ngolunye lwezohambo ezimbili ezibalulekile zalesi sifundo. Gcizelela u-1488 nombono 'wowokuqala' ngokombhalo waseYurophu. Xoxa indaba kalula: isiphepho saphephetha uDias sayozungeza iCape cishe ngengozi, okwafakazela ukuthi indlela yolwandle yayingenzeka. Ukushintshwa kwegama kusukela ku-'Cape Yeziphepho' kuya ku-'Cape of Good Hope' kuwumniningwane okhumbulekayo - buza abafundi ukuthi kungani 'ithemba elihle' laliyigama elihle. [SME] Sicela uqinisekise amagama okuthi uDias wehlela eMossel Bay nokuqanjwa kweCape ngokwesihloko se-SAHO ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa.
UVasco da Gama ufinyelela eNdiya
Cishe eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva, omunye umkhaphiteni wasePortugal wawela yonke indlela waya eNdiya wabuya.
UVasco da Gama waqala uhambo ngo-1497. Imikhumbi yakhe yema ogwini lwaseNingizimu ye-Afrika ukuze ithole amanzi ahlanzekile nokuphumula, yabe iseyenyuka ogwini lwasempumalanga yawela yaya eNdiya, ayifinyelela ngo-1498.
- Waqamba ugu olusempumalanga ngokuthi iNatal, ngoba wadlula kulo eduze kukaKhisimusi.
- Wavula indlela yolwandle epheleleyo esuka eYurophu iya eMpumalanga.
- Manje imikhumbi yasePortugal yayidlula eCape kaningi lapho iya khona ukuyohweba.
Speaker notes
Uhambo lwesibili olubalulekile. UDa Gama waqeda lokho uDias ayekuqalile: indlela yolwandle evulekile eya eNdiya. Khombisa ebalazweni ukuthi indlela ihamba iseduze nogu lwase-Afrika futhi izungeze iCape. Chaza ukuthi 'iNatal' isho okuhambisana nokuzalwa/uKhisimusi, yingakho wayisebenzisa eduze ko-25 kaZibandlela. Emva kwalokhu, iCape yaba yindawo evamile yokuma yemikhumbi edlulayo - okuholela kumaDutch. [SME] Qinisekisa ukuqanjwa kweNatal nezinsuku zika-1497-1498 ngokwe-SAHO ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa.
Ukuhlangana eCape
Lapho amatilosi namaKhoikhoi ehlangana, kwakukhona kokubili ukuhweba futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, ukungqubuzana.
Imikhumbi edlulayo yayidinga amanzi ahlanzekile, inyama nokuphumula. Amatilosi ngezinye izikhathi ayehweba insimbi nobuhlalu namaKhoikhoi ukuze athole izinkomo nezimvu. Kodwa izinhlangothi zombili zazingakhulumi ulimi olufanayo, futhi ukungezwani kwakungaba yingozi.
- Ukuhweba kwasiza amatilosi akhathele ukuthi athole ukudla okuhlanzekile kohambo olude.
- Ngo-1510 kwaqubuka ukulwa eTable Bay futhi umholi wasePortugal namadoda akhe amaningi babulawa.
- Iminyaka eminingi emva kwalokho, iningi lemikhumbi yasePortugal lakhetha ukungami eCape.
Speaker notes
Phatha lokhu ngobunono nangeqiniso ezingeni leBanga 6. Ukuhlangana kwakunezinhlangothi ezimbili: ukuhweba ngokuthula KANYE nokungqubuzana. Ukungqubuzana kuka-1510 eTable Bay (lapho kwafa khona iViceroy yasePortugal uFrancisco de Almeida namadoda amaningi) yikho okwenza amaPortugal agwema kakhulu iCape ngemva kwalokho. Gwema ukusola uhlangothi olulodwa; chaza ukuthi ukungabikho kolimi olufanayo namasiko ahlukene kwenza ukwethembana kube nzima. [SME] Sicela uqinisekise umcimbi weTable Bay ka-1510, ubunikazi bomholi, namagama abalimele ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa - kugcine kufanele iminyaka.
AmaDutch neVOC
Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, abahwebi baseNetherlands babedinga indawo yokuma phakathi nendlela eya eMpumalanga.
I-Dutch East India Company, eyaziwa ngezinhlamvu zayo zesiDutch elithi VOC, yathumela imikhumbi eminingi phakathi kweYurophu neMpumalanga. ICape yayibekwe phakathi nendawo yalolo hambo olude.
- Amatilosi asezohambeni olude ngokuvamile ayegula ngenxa yokungabi khona kokudla okuhlanzekile namanzi.
- IVOC yayifuna isiteshi sokuvuselela eCape ukuze itshale imifino ithole inyama ehlanzekile.
- Ngakho iNkampani yanquma ukuthumela abantu ukuze bakhe isisekelo eTable Bay.
Speaker notes
Ibhuloho elisuka kumaPortugal liye kumaDutch. Gcizelela isizathu: iVOC yayiyinkampani enkulu yohwebo eyayithatha izinyanga imikhumbi yayo ukuze ifinyelele eMpumalanga, futhi amatilosi ayegula (ngokuvamile ngenxa yesifo esibizwa nge-scurvy, esibangelwa ukweswela ukudla okuhlanzekile). Isiteshi sokuvuselela 'esiphakathi nendlela' eCape sasizohlinzeka ngemifino ehlanzekile, amanzi nenyama. Yilesi isizathu esenza amaDutch afika - ukuhweba nokuhlinzeka, hhayi ekuqaleni ukwakha izwe.
UJan van Riebeeck eCape
Ngo-1652 iVOC yathumela uJan van Riebeeck ukuze amise isiteshi sokuvuselela.
UJan van Riebeeck wafika eTable Bay ngo-Ephreli 1652 neqembu elincane labantu. Bakha inqaba ukuze bavikeleke batshala nengadi enkulu yemifino ukuze bondle imikhumbi edlulayo.
- Batshala imifino nezithelo bafuya nezilwane ukuze bathole inyama ehlanzekile.
- Bahweba namaKhoikhoi ukuze bathole izinkomo nezimvu.
- Lesi siteshi esincane sakhula kancane - saba yisiqalo sokuhlala kwaseYurophu okuhlala njalo.
Speaker notes
Lokhu kuyisiphetho esiguqukayo sengxenye yesibili yesifundo. UVan Riebeeck wafika ngo-Ephreli 1652 nabantu abangaba ngamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye; bakha inqaba neNgadi yeNkampani ukuze bahlinzeke imikhumbi. Gcizelela amazwi athi 'ukuhlala okuhlala njalo' - ngokungafani namaPortugal ayemane ame, amaDutch ahlala. Yilokho kuhlala njalo okwenza u-1652 ubaluleke kangaka futhi kuholele emiphumeleni esithombeni esilandelayo. [SME] Qinisekisa inyanga yokufika nobungako obucishe bube yiqembu likavan Riebeeck (ngokuvamile okushiwo ukuthi lalicishe libe ngu-90) ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa.
Ushintsho kubantu baseCape
Indawo entsha yokuhlala yathatha kancane umhlaba namadlelo amaKhoikhoi ayethembele kuwo.
Ekuqaleni amaDutch namaKhoikhoi ayehwebelana. Kodwa njengoba indawo yokuhlala ikhula, amaDutch ayefuna umhlaba omningi wamapulazi - wona kanye umhlaba amaKhoikhoi ayewusebenzisela ukwelusa izinkomo zawo.
- AmaKhoikhoi alahlekelwa amadlelo futhi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinkomo zawo eziningi.
- Ukungezwani ngomhlaba nezinkomo kwaholela ekulweni phakathi kwezinhlangothi zombili.
- Impilo yamaKhoikhoi namaSan yaguqulwa unomphela indawo yokuhlala eseCape.
Speaker notes
Letha umphumela oyinhloko ngokucacile nangokulinganayo. Ubudlelwano baqala ngokuhweba kodwa bashintsha njengoba abahlali babefuna umhlaba wokulima - kanye lawo madlelo amaKhoikhoi ayewadinga emihlanjini yawo. Lokhu kwaholela ekulahlekelweni umhlaba, ukulahlekelwa izinkomo, nokungqubuzana. Kugcine kuyiqiniso futhi kufanele iminyaka; iphuzu ukuthi ukufika kwendawo yokuhlala kwaguqula unomphela impilo yamaKhoikhoi namaSan. Lokhu kuxhumana nezihloko ze-CAPS zakamuva ngokuthathwa kweCape njengekoloni.
Izinsuku ezibalulekile: 1488 kuya ku-1652
- 1488 UBartolomeu Dias uzungeza iCape
- 1497-98 UVasco da Gama uqhubeka eya eNdiya
- 1510 Ukungqubuzana namaKhoikhoi eTable Bay
- 1600s Imikhumbi yeVOC yamaDutch idlula eCape kaningi
- 1652 UVan Riebeeck uqala isiteshi sokuvuselela
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa lesi sithombe ukusiza abafundi ukuhlela imicimbi ngokulandelana, ikhono elibalulekile le-CAPS leSigaba Esimaphakathi. Bacele baqaphele igebe elide phakathi kohambo lokuqala lwamaPortugal (ngasekupheleni kwawo-1400) nokuhlala kwamaDutch (1652) - iminyaka engaphezu kuka-150. AmaPortugal athola futhi asebenzisa indlela yolwandle; amaDutch yiwo agcina ehlala eCape.
Izinhlangothi ezimbili zendaba efanayo
Uhambo olufanayo lubukeka luhluke kakhulu kuye ngokuthi ungubani.
Speaker notes
Lesi yisithombe sokucabanga. Fundisa 'umbono' - umlando ofanayo uzwakala njengempumelelo ejabulisayo ngasohlangothini lweYurophu nanjengokulahlekelwa ngasohlangothini lwamaKhoisan. Khuthaza abafundi ukuthi babambe amaqiniso omabili ngasikhathi sinye. Lokhu kubonisa ukucabanga komlando okulinganisiweyo futhi kubalungiselela imibuzo yokubukeza.
Esikufundile
Amatilosi asePortugal athola indlela yolwandle ezungeza iNingizimu ye-Afrika, kwathi amaDutch kamuva ahlala eCape - eguqula impilo yamaKhoisan.
Khumbula indaba: abaseYurophu babefuna indlela yolwandle eya eMpumalanga; uDias wazungeza iCape ngo-1488 kwathi uda Gama wafinyelela eNdiya ngo-1498; kwathi ngo-1652 uvan Riebeeck wakha isiteshi sokuvuselela esakhula saba yindawo yokuhlala ehlalayo.
Q. Kungani amaPortugal ayefuna ukuzungeza isiphetho se-Afrika? (3 marks)
Q. Bala abahloli ababili abadumile basePortugal kulesi sifundo bese usho ukuthi ngamunye wenzeni. (4 marks)
Q. Ukufika kwendawo yokuhlala yamaDutch eCape kwayiguqula kanjani impilo yamaKhoikhoi? (3 marks)
Speaker notes
Phetha ngokuphinda ukhulume ngezikhathi ezintathu ezibalulekile: uDias (1488), uda Gama (1497-98) noVan Riebeeck (1652). Sebenzisa imibuzo emithathu njengomsebenzi obhaliwe noma ingxoxo yekilasi; amamaki alandela isitayela se-CAPS. Umbuzo wokugcina uhlola ukuthi abafundi bangakwazi yini ukuchaza umphumela, hhayi nje ukukhumbula iqiniso. Bheka phambili kuyunithi elandelayo: ukuthathwa kweCape njengekoloni ngekhulu le-17 nele-18.
- Grade
- Grade 6
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- Explorers from Europe find southern Africa
- Resource type
- Presentation