Abaphandi baseYurophu Bafumana UMzantsi Afrika
Indlela oomatiloshe basePortugal nabaseDatshi abafika ngayo encam ye-Afrika, kunye nokuba uhambo lwabo olude lwaluthetha ntoni na kubantu ababesele behlala apha.
Speaker notes
Qala ngokubuza abafundi ukuba ngubani 'umphandi' nokuba kutheni abantu bamandulo babesukela ukuhamba ngeenqanawa kulwandle ababengalwazi. Beka phambili iimbono ezimbini ezinkulu zesi sifundo: (1) oomatiloshe basePortugal baze abaseNetherlands (iHolland) bafumana indlela yolwandle ejikeleza uMzantsi Afrika, kwaye (2) ukufika kwabo kwatshintsha ubomi bamaKhoikhoi namaSan ababesele behlala apha. Khumbuza abafundi ukuba 'ukufumana' indawo akuthethi ukuba yayingenabantu - abantu babehlala apha iminyaka engamawaka.
Kutheni abantu baseYurophu babefuna ukuhamba ngolwandle besiya emazantsi?
Babekhangela indlela yolwandle eya kurhwebo olutyebileyo lweMpuma.
Kudala, izinongo ezinjengepepile ne-cinnamon, kunye nesilika negolide, zazifika eYurophu zivela kude eIndiya naseMpuma. Zazihamba kancinci ngomhlaba, ngoko ke zazidulu kakhulu.
- Ookumkani baseYurophu babefuna indlela ekhawulezayo neshiphu yokufikelela eMpuma ngolwandle.
- Abantu basePortugal bagqiba ekubeni bahambe ngolwandle besiya emazantsi ngasonxweme lwe-Afrika ukuze bafumane loo ndlela.
- Akukho mntu eYurophu owayesele esazi ukuba ngaba iinqanawa zazinokujikeleza na emazantsi e-Afrika.
Speaker notes
Yigcine ibambekile: isizathu solu hambo olungozi yayiyimali norhwebo. Izinongo zazisetyenziswa ukunonga nokugcina ukutya, kwaye zazixabiseke kakhulu. Chaza ukuba ngeli xesha abantu baseYurophu kwakufuneka bathenge impahla yaseMpuma ngabarhwebi abaninzi, into eyayizenza zibize kakhulu - indlela yolwandle ethe ngqo yayiya kuvumela iPortugal ukuba irhwebe ngokwayo. Sukubaxa abafundi ngamagama okwangoku; abaphandi baza kulandela.
Abantu ababesele behlala apha
UMzantsi Afrika wawulikhaya lamaKhoikhoi namaSan kudala phambi kokufika kwanaliphi na inqanawa yaseYurophu.
AmaSan yayingabazingeli-baqokeleli ababezingela izilwanyana beqokelela izityalo. AmaKhoikhoi ayegcina imihlambi yeenkomo negusha ehamba efuna ingca namanzi amatsha. Kunye kunye adla ngokubizwa ngokuba ngamaKhoisan.
- Babehlala kuMzantsi Afrika iminyaka engamawaka.
- AmaKhoikhoi akufuphi nonxweme adibana noomatiloshe bokuqala baseYurophu ubuso ngobuso.
- Lo mhlaba wawulikhaya labo - wawungengowo ongenabantu okanye ulinde 'ukufunyanwa'.
Speaker notes
Esi silayidi sibalulekile kwimbali enobulungisa nenyaniso. Yenza kucace ukuba abantu babehlala apha ithuba elide kakhulu benendlela yabo yokuphila. Yahlula ngobunono: amaSan yayingabazingeli-baqokeleli, amaKhoikhoi yayingabelusi abaneenkomo negusha. Igama elithi 'fumanisa' okanye 'fumana' lisetyenziswa ngokwembono yaseYurophu; amaKhoisan ayesele elazi lo mhlaba njengekhaya. Oku kulungiselela 'unxibelelwano lokuqala' kamva.
IPortugal ikhokela indlela
Inyathelo nenyathelo, oomatiloshe basePortugal benza imephu yonxweme olusentshona lwe-Afrika.
Oomatiloshe basePortugal abazange bahambe yonke indlela kwakanye. Kuhambo ngalunye babehamba umgama omncinci ngakumbi besiya emazantsi ngasonxweme lwe-Afrika baze babuyele ekhaya ukuze babelane ngoko bakufundileyo.
- Babehamba ngeenqanawa ezomelele zamaplanga ezibizwa ngokuba ziicaravel ezaziza kwazi ukuhamba zichasene nomoya.
- Ukapteni ngamnye wongeza unxweme olutsha kwiimephu zePortugal.
- Injongo yabo yayiseyile yokufumana isiphelo esikude se-Afrika baze baqhubeke besiya eMpuma.
Speaker notes
Chaza ukuba uphando yayiyinkqubo ecothayo, enonophelo, yenyathelo nenyathelo kangangeminyaka emininzi, ingelohambo olunye kuphela. Yazisa i-caravel: inqanawa ekhaphukhaphu, ekhawulezayo eyayikwazi ukuhamba ichasene nomoya, into eyenza uhambo olude lolwandle lube nokwenzeka. Gcina amagama ekhaphukhaphu apha - ookapteni ababini abadumileyo (uDias noda Gama) bafumana izilayidi zabo ezizezabo kulandelayo.
Ukufumana indlela elwandle
Ngaphandle kweemephu zolwandle olubanzi, oomatiloshe basebenzisa ilanga, iinkwenkwezi kunye nezixhobo ezilula.
Kude elwandle akukho zindlela okanye maphawu eendlela. Abaphandi babesebenzisa ikhampasi ukufumana umntla, kwaye babebukela ilanga neenkwenkwezi ukuze bafumanise apho babekhona.
- Isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-astrolabe sasinceda ukulinganisa ukuba iphakame kangakanani ilanga okanye inkwenkwezi esibhakabhakeni.
- AmaPortugal ayetyala iminqamlezo emikhulu yamatye, ebizwa ngokuba yi-padrao, elunxwemeni ukuphawula umgama abawufikeleleyo.
- Uhambo lwaluyingozi - iziphango, indlala nokugula kwakunokuhlasela kude nekhaya.
Speaker notes
Esi sisilayidi esibandakanyayo, esinomdla - abafundi beBanga 6 bayakonwabela 'ukuba njani'. Chaza ngokulula ukuba inaliti yekhampasi ihlala ikhomba umntla, nokuba ukuphakama kwelanga okanye iinkwenkwezi kwakuxelela oomatiloshe umgama abakuwo ukuya emntla okanye emazantsi. Yazisa i-'padrao' (umnqamlezo wamatye) kuba uDias watyala omnye kwaye ubonakala kwisilayidi esilandelayo. Gxininisa ingozi yokwenene ukwakha intlonelo yokuba lwalunzima kangakanani olu hambo.
UBartolomeu Dias ujikeleza iKapa
Ngo-1488 ukapteni wasePortugal waba ngowokuqala waseYurophu owaziwayo ukuba ujikeleze incam ye-Afrika.
UBartolomeu Dias wahamba waya emazantsi kangangokuba isiphango saphephetha iinqanawa zakhe zajikeleza emazantsi e-Afrika engaboni nokubona umhlaba. Wayeyijikelezile iKapa, ebonisa ukuba iinqanawa zinokufikelela eMpuma ngolwandle.
- Wehla eMossel Bay watyala umnqamlezo wamatye elunxwemeni.
- Waqala wayibiza le ndawo ngokuba yi'Kapa yeZiphango' ngenxa yemozulu enegqubu.
- UKumkani wasePortugal wayithiya kabusha wayibiza ngokuba yiKapa yeThemba eLihle, kuba ngoku kwakukho ithemba lokufikelela eIndiya.
Speaker notes
Olu lolunye lohambo olubini olubalulekileyo lwesi sifundo. Gxininisa u-1488 nombono 'wokuqala' ngokwerekhodi yaseYurophu. Balisa ibali ngokulula: isiphango sathwala uDias sajikeleza iKapa phantse ngengozi, into eyabonisa ukuba indlela yolwandle yayinokwenzeka. Utshintsho lwegama ukusuka 'kwiKapa yeZiphango' ukuya 'kwiKapa yeThemba eLihle' yinkcukacha ekhumbulekayo - buza abafundi ukuba kutheni 'ithemba elihle' laliligama elihle. [SME] Nceda uqinisekise amazwi okuba uDias wehla eMossel Bay kunye nokuthiywa kweKapa ngokunxulumene nenqaku leSAHO phambi kokuvelisa.
UVasco da Gama ufika eIndiya
Malunga neminyaka elishumi kamva, omnye ukapteni wasePortugal wahamba yonke indlela ukuya eIndiya nokubuya.
UVasco da Gama waqalisa uhambo ngo-1497. Iinqanawa zakhe zema ngasonxweme loMzantsi Afrika ukuze zifumane amanzi amatsha nokuphumla, zaza zahamba zisenyuka unxweme olusempuma zawela ukuya eIndiya, awafika kuyo ngo-1498.
- Wathiya unxweme olusempuma ngokuba yiNatal, kuba wadlula kulo kufuphi neKrisimesi.
- Wavula indlela yolwandle epheleleyo ukusuka eYurophu ukuya eMpuma.
- Ngoku iinqanawa zasePortugal zazidlula eKapa rhoqo endleleni yazo eya kurhweba.
Speaker notes
Uhambo lwesibini olubalulekileyo. UDa Gama wagqiba oko kwaqalwa nguDias: indlela yolwandle evulekileyo yonke indlela ukuya eIndiya. Bonisa emephwini ukuba indlela ilandela njani unxweme lwe-Afrika ijikeleza iKapa. Chaza ukuba 'Natal' ithetha into enxulumene nokuzalwa/iKrisimesi, yiyo loo nto wayisebenzisayo kufuphi ne-25 kaDisemba. Emva koku, iKapa yaba yindawo yokuma eqhelekileyo yeenqanawa ezidlulayo - into ekhokelela kumaDatshi. [SME] Qinisekisa ukuthiywa kweNatal kunye nemihla yowe-1497-1498 ngokunxulumene neSAHO phambi kokuvelisa.
Ukudibana eKapa
Xa oomatiloshe namaKhoikhoi bedibana, kwakukho urhwebo kwaye, ngamanye amaxesha, ungquzulwano.
Iinqanawa ezidlulayo zazifuna amanzi amatsha, inyama nokuphumla. Oomatiloshe ngamanye amaxesha baberhweba ngesinyithi neentsimbi namaKhoikhoi befuna iinkomo negusha. Kodwa la macala mabini ayengabelani ngolwimi, kwaye ukungaqondani kwakunokuguquka kube yingozi.
- Urhwebo lwaluncedisa oomatiloshe abadiniweyo ukuba bafumane ukutya okutsha kuhambo olude.
- Ngo-1510 kwaqhambuka umlo eTable Bay kwaye inkokeli yasePortugal namadoda ayo amaninzi abulawa.
- Kangangeminyaka emininzi emva koko, uninzi lweenqanawa zasePortugal zakhetha ukungami eKapa.
Speaker notes
Yiphathe le nto ngobunono nangokunyaniseka kwinqanaba leBanga 6. Unxibelelwano lwalunamacala amabini: urhwebo loxolo KUNYE nongquzulwano. Ungquzulwano lika-1510 eTable Bay (apho iViceroy yasePortugal uFrancisco de Almeida namadoda amaninzi bafayo) sisizathu sokuba amaPortugal ngokuqhelekileyo aphephe iKapa emva koko. Phepha ukubeka ityala kwicala elinye; chaza ukuba ukungabikho kolwimi olufanayo kunye nezithethe ezahlukeneyo kwenza ukuthembana kube nzima. [SME] Nceda uqinisekise isiganeko sika-1510 saseTable Bay, isazisi senkokeli, kunye namazwi okulimala phambi kokuvelisa - kugcine kufanelekile kubudala.
AmaDatshi kunye ne-VOC
Ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka kamva, abarhwebi baseNetherlands babefuna indawo yokuma phakathi endleleni eya eMpuma.
IDutch East India Company, eyaziwa ngoonobumba bayo abaseDatshi bokuba yiVOC, yayithumela iinqanawa ezininzi phakathi kweYurophu neMpuma. IKapa yayihleli phakathi kwaloo hambo lude.
- Oomatiloshe kuhambo olude babedla ngokugula ngaphandle kokutya namanzi amatsha.
- I-VOC yayifuna isikhululo sokuhlaziya eKapa ukuze ikhulise imifuno ifumane inyama entsha.
- Ngoko iNkampani yagqiba ekubeni ithumele abantu ukuba bakhe isiseko eTable Bay.
Speaker notes
Ibhulorho esuka kumaPortugal isiya kumaDatshi. Gxininisa isizathu: i-VOC yayiyinkampani enkulu yorhwebo eyayithatha iinyanga ukuba iinqanawa zayo zifikelele eMpuma, kwaye oomatiloshe babegula (rhoqo ngenxa ye-scurvy, kukungabikho kokutya okutsha). Isikhululo sokuhlaziya esiphakathi eKapa sasiya kubonelela ngemifuno emitsha, amanzi kunye nenyama. Sesi sizathu sokuba amaDatshi eze - urhwebo nokubonelela, hayi ekuqaleni ukwakha ilizwe.
UJan van Riebeeck eKapa
Ngo-1652 i-VOC yathumela uJan van Riebeeck ukuba amisele isikhululo sokuhlaziya.
UJan van Riebeeck wafika eTable Bay ngo-Aprili 1652 neqela elincinci labantu. Bakha inqaba yokhuseleko batyala igadi enkulu yemifuno ukondla iinqanawa ezidlulayo.
- Bakhulisa imifuno neziqhamo kwaye bagcina izilwanyana ukuze bafumane inyama entsha.
- Barhweba namaKhoikhoi befuna iinkomo negusha.
- Esi sikhululo sincinci sakhula kancinci - saba yintsusa yesizinda esisisigxina saseYurophu.
Speaker notes
Esi sisiphetho sokujika kwesahlulo sesibini sesifundo. UVan Riebeeck wafika ngo-Aprili 1652 nabantu abamalunga namashumi asithoba; bakha inqaba neGadi yeNkampani ukubonelela iinqanawa. Gxininisa ibinzana elithi 'isizinda esisisigxina' - ngokungafaniyo namaPortugal awayesima kuphela, amaDatshi ahlala. Obo bugxina yiyo into eyenza u-1652 abaluleke kangaka kwaye ikhokelela kwiziphumo kwisilayidi esilandelayo. [SME] Qinisekisa inyanga yokufika kunye nobungakanani obumalunga beqela lika-van Riebeeck (rhoqo elinikwa njengelimalunga nama-90) phambi kokuvelisa.
Utshintsho kubantu baseKapa
Isizinda esitsha sathatha kancinci umhlaba namadlelo awayexhomekeke kuwo amaKhoikhoi.
Ekuqaleni amaDatshi namaKhoikhoi ayerhwebelana. Kodwa njengoko isizinda sikhula, amaDatshi ayefuna umhlaba ongakumbi wamafama - kwaloo mhlaba amaKhoikhoi ayewusebenzisela ukwalusa iinkomo zawo.
- AmaKhoikhoi aphulukana namadlelo kwaye, ekuhambeni kwexesha, neenkomo zawo ezininzi.
- Ukungavumelani ngomhlaba neenkomo kwakhokelela ekulweni phakathi kwamacala amabini.
- Ubomi bamaKhoikhoi namaSan batshintshwa ngonaphakade sisizinda esiseKapa.
Speaker notes
Yisa isiphumo esiphambili ngokucacileyo nangobulungisa. Ubudlelwane baqala ngorhwebo kodwa batshintsha njengoko abahlali babefuna umhlaba wokulima - kanye amadlelo awayewafuna amaKhoikhoi emihlambini yawo. Oku kwakhokelela ekulahlekelweni ngumhlaba, ukulahlekelwa ziinkomo, kunye nongquzulwano. Yigcine iyinyani kwaye ifanelekile kubudala; ingongoma kukuba ukufika kwesizinda kwatshintsha ngonaphakade ubomi bamaKhoikhoi namaSan. Oku kunxulumene nezihloko zeCAPS zamva ngokukoloniyaliswa kweKapa.
Imihla ebalulekileyo: 1488 ukuya 1652
- 1488 UBartolomeu Dias ujikeleza iKapa
- 1497-98 UVasco da Gama uqhubeka esiya eIndiya
- 1510 Ungquzulwano namaKhoikhoi eTable Bay
- 1600s Iinqanawa zamaDatshi ze-VOC zidlula eKapa rhoqo
- 1652 UVan Riebeeck uqala isikhululo sokuhlaziya
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa esi silayidi ukunceda abafundi balandelelanise iziganeko, isakhono esibalulekileyo seCAPS seNqanaba eliPhakathi. Bacele ukuba baqaphele isikhewu eside phakathi kohambo lokuqala lwamaPortugal (ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1400) kunye nesizinda samaDatshi (1652) - ngaphezu kweminyaka eli-150. AmaPortugal afumana asebenzisa indlela yolwandle; amaDatshi ngawo agqibela ukuzinza eKapa.
Amacala amabini ebali elinye
Uhambo olufanayo lubonakala lwahluke kakhulu kuxhomekeke kukuba ungubani.
Speaker notes
Esi sisilayidi socinga. Fundisa 'imbono' - imbali efanayo ivakala njengempumelelo enomdla kwicala laseYurophu nanjengelahleko kwicala lamaKhoisan. Khuthaza abafundi ukuba babambe zombini iinyaniso ngaxeshanye. Oku kubonisa ukucinga ngembali okulinganiseleyo kwaye kubalungiselela imibuzo yophononongo.
Esikufundileyo
Oomatiloshe basePortugal bafumana indlela yolwandle ejikeleza uMzantsi Afrika, kwaye amaDatshi kamva azinza eKapa - etshintsha ubomi bamaKhoisan.
Khumbula ibali: abantu baseYurophu babefuna indlela yolwandle eya eMpuma; uDias wajikeleza iKapa ngo-1488 kwaye uda Gama wafika eIndiya ngo-1498; kwaye ngo-1652 uvan Riebeeck wakha isikhululo sokuhlaziya esakhulela saba sisizinda esihlala njalo.
Q. Kutheni amaPortugal ayefuna ukujikeleza incam ye-Afrika ngolwandle? (3 marks)
Q. Khankanya abaphandi ababini abadumileyo basePortugal kwesi sifundo uze uthi ngamnye wenza ntoni. (4 marks)
Q. Ukufika kwesizinda samaDatshi eKapa kwabutshintsha njani ubomi bamaKhoikhoi? (3 marks)
Speaker notes
Vala ngokushwankathela imizuzu emithathu ebalulekileyo: uDias (1488), uda Gama (1497-98) kunye no-van Riebeeck (1652). Sebenzisa imibuzo emithathu njengomsebenzi obhaliweyo okanye ingxoxo yeklasi; amanqaku alandela isimbo seCAPS. Umbuzo wokugqibela ujonga ukuba abafundi banokuchaza isiphumo, kungekhona nje ukukhumbula inyani. Bonisa kwangaphambili iyunithi elandelayo: ukukoloniyaliswa kweKapa kwiinkulungwane ze-17 ne-18.
- Grade
- Grade 6
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- Explorers from Europe find southern Africa
- Resource type
- Presentation