Bahloli Labaphuma eYurophu Batfola iNingizimu ye-Afrika
Indlela ematilosi emaPhutukezi nemaDashi lafinyelela ngayo esihlokweni se-Afrika, nekutsi tohambo tabo letidze taluchaza kutsini kubantfu labebavele bahlala lapha.
Speaker notes
Cala ngekubuta bafundzi kutsi 'umhloli' uyini nekutsi kungani bantfu kadeni bebahamba ngemikhumbi baye etilwandle lebebangatati. Beka imicondvo lemibili lemikhulu yalesifundvo: (1) ematilosi laphuma ePortugal bese kuba yiNetherlands (iHolland) atfola indlela yelwandle nayitungeleta iNingizimu ye-Afrika, futsi (2) kufika kwabo kwatjintja imphilo yemaKhoikhoi nemaSan labebavele bahlala lapha. Khumbuta bafundzi kutsi 'kutfola' indzawo akusho kutsi beyingenamuntfu - bantfu bebahlala lapha iminyaka leyinkhulungwane leminyenti.
Kungani emaYurophu abefuna kuhamba ngemikhumbi aye eningizimu?
Abefuna umgwaco welwandle loya eluhwebeni loluceba lwaseMphumalanga.
Kadeni, tinongo letinjengepelepele nesinamoni, kanye nesilika negolide, betifika eYurophu tivela khashane eNdiya naseMphumalanga. Betihamba kancane kancane emhlabatsini, ngako-ke betibita imali leninyenti.
- Emakhosi aseYurophu abefuna indlela lesheshako lengabiti kakhulu yekufinyelela eMphumalanga ngelwandle.
- Bantfu basePortugal bancuma kuhamba baye eningizimu balandzela ligu le-Afrika kuze batfole leyondlela.
- Kwakungekho namunye eYurophu labekwati kutsi imikhumbi ingakwati yini kutungeleta ngezansi kwe-Afrika.
Speaker notes
Yenta loku kucace: sizatfu saletohambo letiyingoti kwakuyimali neluhwebo. Tinongo betisetjentiswa kunonga nekugcina kudla, futsi betibaluleke kakhulu. Chaza kutsi ngalesikhatsi emaYurophu bekumele atsenge timphahla taseMphumalanga ngebahwebi labaningi, lokwenta tibite kakhulu - indlela yelwandle lengcondzeko beyitawuvumela iPortugal kutsi ihwebe ngekwayo. Ungabatfwalisi bafundzi ngemabito lamaningi kakhulu manje; bahloli batewuta ngemuva.
Bantfu labebavele bahlala lapha
iNingizimu ye-Afrika beyilikhaya lemaKhoikhoi nemaSan kadeni ngaphambi kwekufika kwanoma nguwuphi umkhumbi waseYurophu.
EmaSan bebangebatingeli nebabutsi lababetingela tilwane babutse netitjalo. EmaKhoikhoi bebanetihlambi tetinkomo netimvu futsi bebahamba bafune utjani lobumantekako nemanti. Ndzawonye babitwa ngekutsi emaKhoisan.
- Bebahlala eNingizimu ye-Afrika iminyaka leyinkhulungwane leminyenti.
- EmaKhoikhoi labeseceleni kwelugu ahlangana nematilosi ekucala aseYurophu buso nebuso.
- Lelive belililikhaya labo - belingasilo live lelingenamuntfu, futsi belingakalindzeli kutsi 'litfolwe'.
Speaker notes
Lesiketulo sibalulekile ekutseni umlando ube nebulungiswa nebucotfo. Yenta kucace kutsi bantfu bebahlala lapha sikhatsi lesidze kakhulu banetindlela tabo tekuphila. Yehlukanisa kahle: emaSan bebangebatingeli nebabutsi, emaKhoikhoi bebangebelusi labanetinkomo netimvu. Ligama lelitsi 'kuvumbulula' nome 'kutfola' lisetjentiswa ngendlela yekubona kwemaYurophu; emaKhoisan avele akwati lelive njengelikhaya lawo. Loku kulungiselela 'kuhlangana kwekucala' ngemuva.
iPortugal ihola indlela
Sinyatselo ngesinyatselo, ematilosi emaPhutukezi enta emephu weligu lelisenshonalanga le-Afrika.
Ematilosi laphuma ePortugal akazange ahambe indlela yonkhe ngasikhatsi sinye. Kuloluhambo ngalunye ahamba abangetelela kancane aye eningizimu ehla ngeligu le-Afrika bese abuya ekhaya kuze abelane ngaloko labebakufundzile.
- Bebahamba ngemikhumbi lecinile yelutsi lebeyibitwa ngekutsi ema-caravel (uhlobo lwemkhumbi lolukhulu) leyayikwati kuhamba imelane nemoya.
- Kaphtheni ngamunye abengeta ligu lelisha emephwini yase-Portugal.
- Umgomo wabo bekusengiwo kutfola siphetfo lesikhashane se-Afrika bese bachubeka baye eMphumalanga.
Speaker notes
Chaza kutsi kuhlola bekuyinchubo lensha kancane, lecophelelako, yesinyatselo ngesinyatselo leyatsatsa iminyaka leminyenti, hhayi luhambo lolulodvwa. Yetfula i-caravel: umkhumbi lolula, losheshako lobewukwati kuhamba umelane nemoya, lokwenta tohambo letidze telwandle tikhoneke. Ungabeki kakhulu emabito lapha - bokaphtheni lababili labadvumile (Dias na-da Gama) batekuba netiketulo tabo ngemuva.
Kutfola indlela elwandle
Ngaphandle kwemephu yelwandle leluvulekile, ematilosi bebasebentisa lilanga, tinkanyeti kanye nemathulusi lalula.
Khashane elwandle akukho migwaco nome timphawu temgwaco. Bahloli bebasebentisa ikhampasi kuze batfole enyakatfo, futsi bebabuka lilanga netinkanyeti kuze babale kutsi bakuphi.
- Ithulusi lelibitwa nge-astrolabe lalisita kulinganisa kutsi lilanga nome inkanyeti bekiphakeme kangakanani esibhakabhakeni.
- EmaPhutukezi ahlanyela tiphambano letinkhulu telitje, letibitwa nge-padrao, eligwini kuze aphawule kutsi afinyelele kangakanani.
- Tohambo betiyingoti - tivunguvungu, indlala nekugula bekungehlela khashane ekhaya.
Speaker notes
Lesi siketulo silibandla, lesibangela lilukuluku - bafundzi beLibanga 6 bayakutsandza 'kutsi kwenteka njani'. Chaza kalula kutsi inaliti yekhampasi ihlala ikhomba enyakatfo, nekutsi kuphakama kwelilanga nome tinkanyeti kwakutjela ematilosi kutsi asenyakatfo nome eningizimu kangakanani. Yetfula i-'padrao' (siphambano selitje) ngobe uDias wahlanyela sinye futsi sivela esiketulweni lesilandzelako. Gcizelela ingoti leyayikhona kuze kwakheke inhlonipho ngekutsi letohambo betimatima kangakanani.
Bartolomeu Dias utungeleta iCape
Ngo-1488 ukaphtheni wemaPhutukezi waba ngumuntfu wekucala waseYurophu lowatiwa ngekutungeleta sihloko se-Afrika ngemkhumbi.
Bartolomeu Dias wahamba waya eningizimu kakhulu kangangobe sivunguvungu saphephetsa imikhumbi yakhe sayitungeletisa ngezansi kwe-Afrika angakaze abone ngisho nemhlaba. Abesatungeletile iCape, akhombisa kutsi imikhumbi ingakwati kufinyelela eMphumalanga ngelwandle.
- Wehlela e-Mossel Bay wahlanyela siphambano selitje eligwini.
- Ekucaleni wabita lendzawo ngekutsi 'iCape Yetivunguvungu' (Cape of Storms) ngenca yesimo selitulu lesimatima.
- iNkhosi yase-Portugal yayibita kabusha ngekutsi iCape Yelitsemba Lelihle (Cape of Good Hope), ngobe manje besekunelitsemba lekufinyelela eNdiya.
Speaker notes
Lolu ngulunye lwetohambo letimbili letibalulekile talesifundvo. Gcizelela 1488 kanye nemcondvo 'wekucala' ngekwemarekhodi emaYurophu. Landza indzaba kalula: sivunguvungu satsatsa uDias sametungeletisa iCape cishe ngengoti, lokwakhombisa kutsi indlela yelwandle beyingenteka. Kutjintjwa kweligama kusuka ku-'Cape of Storms' kuya ku-'Cape of Good Hope' kuyintfo lekhumbulekako - buta bafundzi kutsi kungani 'litsemba lelihle' beliligama lelihle. [SME] Sicela ucinisekise emagama lakutsi uDias wehlela e-Mossel Bay nekwetsiwa kweligama le-Cape ngekusekelwa esihlokweni se-SAHO ngaphambi kwekukhicita.
Vasco da Gama ufinyelela eNdiya
Cishe eminyaka lelishumi ngemuva, lomunye ukaphtheni wemaPhutukezi wahamba waya eNdiya wabuya.
Vasco da Gama wasuka ngo-1497. Imikhumbi yakhe yema eligwini leseningizimu ne-Afrika kuze itfole emanti lamahle nekuphumula, bese ihamba yenyuka ligu lelisemphumalanga yewela iya eNdiya, layifinyelela ngo-1498.
- Wabita ligu lelisemphumalanga ngekutsi iNatali, ngobe wadlula ngakuyo edvute neKhisimusi.
- Wavula yonkhe indlela yelwandle lesuka eYurophu iye eMphumalanga.
- Manje imikhumbi yemaPhutukezi beyidlula iCape kaningi nayiya kuhweba.
Speaker notes
Loluhambo lwesibili lolubalulekile. Da Gama waqedela loko lokwacalwa nguDias: umgwaco welwandle lovulekile lofinyelela eNdiya. Khombisa emephwini kutsi lendlela ilandzela ligu le-Afrika kanjani futsi itungeleta iCape. Chaza kutsi 'iNatali' isho intfo lephatselene nekutalwa/neKhisimusi, ngiko nje asebentisa lona edvute nangamhla ka-25 Disemba. Ngemuva kwaloku, iCape yaba yindzawo lejwayelekile yekuma yemikhumbi ledlulako - lokuholela kumaDashi. [SME] Cinisekisa kwetsiwa kweligama iNatali nemalanga ka-1497-1498 ngekusekelwa e-SAHO ngaphambi kwekukhicita.
Kuhlangana eCape
Nakuhlangana ematilosi nemaKhoikhoi, bekunaluhwebo futsi, ngaletinye tikhatsi, kwaba nengcabano.
Imikhumbi ledlulako beyidzinga emanti lamahle, inyama nekuphumula. Ematilosi ngaletinye tikhatsi abehweba insimbi nebuhlalu nemaKhoikhoi kuze atfole tinkomo netimvu. Kodvwa lawomacembu lamabili abenganalo lulwimi lulunye, futsi kungevani bekungaphendvuka kube yingoti.
- Luhwebo lwasita ematilosi lakhatsele kutsi atfole kudla lokusha kwaloluhambo lolude.
- Ngo-1510 kwagcamuka umlo eTable Bay kwabulawa umholi wemaPhutukezi kanye nemadvodza akhe lamaningi.
- Iminyaka leminyenti ngemuva kwaloko, iningi lemikhumbi yemaPhutukezi lakhetsa kutsi lingemi eCape.
Speaker notes
Phatsa loku ngekunakekela nangebucotfo ezingeni leLibanga 6. Kuhlangana bekunetinhlangotsi letimbili: luhwebo lolunekuthula KANYE nengcabano. Umlo wango-1510 eTable Bay (lapho kwafa khona iViceroy yemaPhutukezi uFrancisco de Almeida nemadvodza lamaningi) ngiwo lowabangela kutsi emaPhutukezi abalekele iCape kakhulu ngemuva kwaloko. Gwema kusola linye licembu; chaza kutsi kungabikho lulwimi lolufananako nemasiko lehlukene kwenta kwetsembana kube matima. [SME] Sicela ucinisekise sehlakalo se-1510 eTable Bay, kutsi ngubani lomholi, nemagama lachaza labafa ngaphambi kwekukhicita - kugcine kufanele budzala.
EmaDashi ne-VOC
Ngemuva kweminyaka lengetulu kwelikhulu, bahwebi labaphuma eNetherlands badzinga indzawo yekuma emkhatsini nabaya eMphumalanga.
IDutch East India Company (iNkampani yemaDashi yase-East India), leyatiwa ngemabhalo ayo esiDashi latsi VOC, yatfumela imikhumbi leminyenti emkhatsini weYurophu neMphumalanga. iCape beyisemkhatsini nca waloluhambo lolude.
- Ematilosi latohambo letidze bekuvame kutsi agule ngenca yekungabi nekudla lokusha nemanti.
- I-VOC beyifuna sikhungo sekuvuselela eCape kuze ilime imifino itfole nenyama lensha.
- Ngako iNkampani yancuma kutfumela bantfu kutsi bakhe sisekelo eTable Bay.
Speaker notes
Chubeka kusuka kumaPhutukezi uye kumaDashi. Gcizelela sizatfu: i-VOC beyiyinkampani yeluhwebo lenkhulu lapho imikhumbi yayo beyitsatsa tinyanga kufinyelela eMphumalanga, futsi ematilosi abegula (kuvame nge-scurvy, ngenca yekungabi nekudla lokusha). 'Sikhungo sekuvuselela' lesisemkhatsini eCape besitawuniketa imifino lemisha, emanti nenyama. Nguso lesi sizatfu semaDashi asafika ngaso - luhwebo nekuniketa, kungasiko ekucaleni kwakha live.
Jan van Riebeeck eCape
Ngo-1652 i-VOC yatfumela uJan van Riebeeck kutsi asungule sikhungo sekuvuselela.
Jan van Riebeeck wafika eTable Bay ngoApril 1652 nelicembu lelincane lebantfu. Bakha inqaba yekuphepha bahlanyela nensimu lenkhulu yemifino kuze bondle imikhumbi ledlulako.
- Balima imifino netitselo bafuya tilwane kuze batfole inyama lensha.
- Bahweba nemaKhoikhoi kuze batfole tinkomo netimvu.
- Lesikhungo lesincane sakhula kancane kancane - saba sicalo sendzawo yekuhlala lesimile yemaYurophu.
Speaker notes
Lena yindzawo yeluguciko lwengxenye yesibili yalesifundvo. Van Riebeeck wafika ngoApril 1652 nabantfu labacishe babe ngemashumi layimfica; bakha inqaba neNsimu yeNkampani kuze bondle imikhumbi. Gcizelela ibinzana lelitsi 'indzawo yekuhlala lesimile' - kungafani nemaPhutukezi labekuma nje kuphela, emaDashi asala. Kusimama loko kwenta 1652 kubaluleke kangaka futsi kuholela emiphumeleni lesesiketulweni lesilandzelako. [SME] Cinisekisa inyanga yekufika nelinani lelicishe libe khona lelicembu la-van Riebeeck (livame kunikwa njengalelicishe libe ngu-90) ngaphambi kwekukhicita.
Lushintjo kubantfu baseCape
Indzawo yekuhlala lensha yatsatsa kancane kancane umhlaba nemadlelo lebekwencikwe kuwo ngemaKhoikhoi.
Ekucaleni emaDashi nemaKhoikhoi abehwebelana. Kodvwa njengoba indzawo yekuhlala yayikhula, emaDashi afuna umhlaba lomunye wemapulazi - kanye lowo mhlaba lobekusetjentiswa ngemaKhoikhoi kwelusela tinkomo tawo.
- EmaKhoikhoi alahlekelwa ngemadlelo, kwatsi ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi, alahlekelwa nangetinkomo tawo letinyenti.
- Kungevani ngemhlaba netinkomo kwaholela emlweni emkhatsini walawomacembu lamabili.
- Imphilo yemaKhoikhoi nemaSan yatjintjwa phakadze yindzawo yekuhlala yaseCape.
Speaker notes
Letfula umphumela lomkhulu ngekucaca nangebulungiswa. Buhlobo bacala ngeluhwebo kodvwa batjintja njengoba bahlali bafuna umhlaba wekulima - kanye lawomadlelo lebekwadzingwa ngemaKhoikhoi ngenca yetihlambi tawo. Loku kwaholela ekulahlekelweni ngumhlaba, kulahlekelwa ngetinkomo, nengcabano. Kugcine kunemalatelo futsi kufanele budzala; liphuzu kutsi kufika kwendzawo yekuhlala kwatjintja phakadze imphilo yemaKhoikhoi nemaSan. Loku kuchumana netihloko te-CAPS letilandzelako mayelana nekubuswa ngemakholoni kweCape.
Emalanga labalulekile: 1488 kuya ku-1652
- 1488 Bartolomeu Dias utungeleta iCape
- 1497-98 Vasco da Gama uchubeka aye eNdiya
- 1510 Umlo nemaKhoikhoi eTable Bay
- 1600s Imikhumbi yemaDashi ye-VOC idlula iCape kaningi
- 1652 Van Riebeeck ucala sikhungo sekuvuselela
Speaker notes
Sebentisa lesi siketulo kusita bafundzi kuhlela tehlakalo ngekulandzelana, likhono lelibalulekile le-CAPS Sigaba Lesisemkhatsini. Bacele batfole ligebhu lelidze emkhatsini wetohambo tekucala temaPhutukezi (ekupheleni kwa-1400s) nendzawo yekuhlala yemaDashi (1652) - lengetulu kweminyaka leli-150. EmaPhutukezi atfola futsi asebentisa indlela yelwandle; emaDashi ngiwo ekugcineni lahlala eCape.
Tinhlangotsi letimbili tendzaba yinye
Letohambo tifanako tibonakala tehlukene kakhulu kuye ngekutsi ungubani.
Speaker notes
Lesi siketulo sekucabanga. Fundzisa 'indlela yekubona' - lomlando lofanako uvakala njengempumelelo lejabulisako ngasohlangotsini lwaseYurophu nekulahlekelwa ngasohlangotsini lwemaKhoisan. Khutsata bafundzi kutsi babambelele emacinisweni omabili ngasikhatsi sinye. Loku kubonisa kucabanga lokulinganiselako ngomlando futsi kubalungiselela imibuto yekubuyeketa.
Loko lesikufundzile
Ematilosi emaPhutukezi atfola indlela yelwandle letungeleta iNingizimu ye-Afrika, futsi emaDashi ngemuva ahlala eCape - atjintja imphilo yemaKhoisan.
Khumbula indzaba: emaYurophu abefuna umgwaco welwandle loya eMphumalanga; uDias watungeleta iCape ngo-1488 kwatsi uda Gama wafinyelela eNdiya ngo-1498; kwatsi ngo-1652 van Riebeeck wakha sikhungo sekuvuselela lesakhula saba yindzawo yekuhlala lehlalako.
Q. Kungani emaPhutukezi abefuna kuhamba atungeleta sihloko se-Afrika? (3 marks)
Q. Bala bahloli lababili labadvumile bemaPhutukezi kulesifundvo bese usho kutsi ngamunye wenta ini. (4 marks)
Q. Kufika kwendzawo yekuhlala yemaDashi eCape kwayitjintja njani imphilo yemaKhoikhoi? (3 marks)
Speaker notes
Phetsa ngekubuyeketa imizuzu lemitsatfu lebalulekile: Dias (1488), da Gama (1497-98) na-van Riebeeck (1652). Sebentisa lemibuto lemitsatfu njengemsebenti lobhaliwe nome ingxoxo yeklasi; emamaki alandzela sitayela se-CAPS. Umbuto wekugcina uhlola kutsi bafundzi bayakwati yini kuchaza umphumela, hhayi nje kukhumbula liciniso. Chaza kafushane iyunithi lelandzelako: kubuswa ngemakholoni kweCape ngemakhulu eminyaka le-17 nele-18.
- Grade
- Grade 6
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- Explorers from Europe find southern Africa
- Resource type
- Presentation