Abarhuli baseYurophu Bafumana iSewula Afrika
Indlela abatjhayeli bomkhumbi bePortugal namaDatjhi (amaHolori) abafika ngayo esiqongolweni se-Afrika, nokobana amakhambo wabo amade atjho ini ebantwini abavele bahlala lapha.
Speaker notes
Vula ngokubuza abafundi ukuthi 'umrhuli' uyini nokobana kubayini abantu bakade batjhayela emalwandle ebebangawazi. Beka imibono emikhulu emibili yesifundo: (1) abatjhayeli bomkhumbi bePortugal bese amaDatjhi (iHolori) bafumana indlela yelwandle ejikeleza iSewula Afrika, begodu (2) ukufika kwabo kwatjhugulula ipilo yamaKhoikhoi namaSan ebebavele bahlala lapha. Khumbuza abafundi bona uku'fumana' indawo akutjho bona beyingekho abantu - abantu bahlala lapha iminyaka eziinkulungwana.
Kubayini abantu beYurophu bebafuna ukutjhayela baye eSewula?
Bebafuna indlela yelwandle eya erhwebweni elinothileko leMpumalanga.
Kade, iziinongo ezinjenge phepha nesinamoni, kunye nesilika negolide, bekufika eYurophu zisuka eIndiya neMpumalanga. Bezikhamba kancani ngehlangothi lomhlaba, ngalokho beziyabiza khulu beziyabizeka.
- Amakhosi weYurophu bebafuna indlela erhanako netjhitjhipha yokufika eMpumalanga ngelwandle.
- Abantu bePortugal bakhetha ukutjhayela baye eSewula batjhaya ilijobho le-Afrika bafumane indlela leyo.
- Akakho eYurophu obekazi bona iimkhumbi ingakghona na ukujikeleza ingezansi le-Afrika.
Speaker notes
Yenza lokhu kubambeke: ibanga lamakhambo la ayingozi bekuyimali nerhwebo. Iziinongo bezisetjenziselwa ukunongelela nokulonda ukudla, begodu bezidula khulu. Hlathulula bona ngesikhathesi abantu beYurophu bekufanele bathenge iimpahla zeMpumalanga ngabarhwebi abanengi, okwenza zidule - indlela eqondileko yelwandle ibizakwenza bona iPortugal irhwebe yodwa. Ungabhodululi abafundi ngamabizo okwesikhathesi; abarhuli bafika ngemva kwalokhu.
Abantu abavele bahlala lapha
ISewula Afrika beyilikhaya lamaKhoikhoi namaSan kade ngaphambi kobana kufike umkhumbi weYurophu.
AmaSan AmaSan bebazingeli-babuthi abazingela iinlwana babuthe iimilo. AmaKhoikhoi AmaKhoikhoi bebafuya iinkomo neenkomani bakhambe bafumane utjani obutjha namanzi. Ndawonye babizwa ngokuthi maKhoisan.
- Bebahlala eSewula Afrika iminyaka eziinkulungwana.
- AmaKhoikhoi aseduze nelijobho ahlangana nabatjhayeli beYurophu bokuthoma ubuso nobuso.
- Inarhali beyililikhaya labo - beyingasi kuthi ingekho namkha ilinde ukubana 'ifumaneke'.
Speaker notes
Isilaydi le iqakathekile eHistorini elungileko neqinisileko. Yenza kucace bona abantu bebahlala lapha isikhathi eside khulu banendlela yabo yokuphila. Hlukanisa kancani: amaSan bebazingeli-babuthi, amaKhoikhoi bebafuyi abanezinkomo neenkomani. Ibizo elithi 'ukufumana' namkha 'ukukatjelwa' lisetjenziswa ngokombono weYurophu; amaKhoisan bese avele azi inarhali le njengelikhaya. Lokhu kwakhela 'ukuhlangana kokuthoma' ngemva kwalokhu.
IPortugal irhola indlela
Isinyathelo nesinyathelo, abatjhayeli bePortugal badweba ilijobho lentjhonalanga le-Afrika.
Abatjhayeli bePortugal abazange batjhayele indlela yoke ngesikhathi sinye. Ekhambweni ngalinye baya kancani ngesewula ilijobho le-Afrika baphindele ekhaya bazokwabelana ngalokho abakufundileko.
- Bebatjhayela ngeemkhumbi yamapulanga eqinileko ebizwa ngokuthi macaravel ekwakukghona ukutjhayela imelane nommoya.
- Umkhaphetheni ngamunye bekungezelela ilijobho elitjha emabalazweni wePortugal.
- Umgomo wabo bewusesekukufumana isiphetho se-Afrika batjhayele baye eMpumalanga.
Speaker notes
Hlathulula bona ukurhula bekuyindlela ekhambako kancani, ihloliweko, isinyathelo nesinyathelo iminyaka eminengi, ingasi ukukhamba kunye kwaphela. Yethula i-caravel: umkhumbi olula, orhanako obekungakghona ukutjhayela imelane nommoya, okwenza amakhambo amade welwandle akghonakala. Godu amabizo alula lapha - abakhapheteni ababili abaziwako (uDias noda Gama) baneenlaydi zabo ezizako.
Ukufumana indlela elwandle
Ngaphandle kwamabalazwe welwandle elivulekileko, abatjhayeli basebenzisa ilanga, iinkwekwezi namathulusi alula.
Kude elwandle azikho iindlela namkha iimphawu zeendlela. Abarhuli bebasebenzisa ikhompasi bafumane itlhagwini, godu bebaqala ilanga neenkwekwezi bathole bona baphi.
- Ithulusi elibizwa ngokuthi yi-astrolabe belisiza ukukala bona ilanga namkha inkwekwezi iphakeme kangangani esibhakabhakeni.
- AmaPortugal bebahloma iimphambano zamatje ezikhulu, ezibizwa ngokuthi mapadrao, ilijobho ukuphawula bona bafike kuphi.
- Amakhambo bekayingozi - iimuvunguvungu, indlala nesifo bekungahlasela kude nekhaya.
Speaker notes
Le silaydi enokusebenza ngezandla, enomrhuko - abafundi beBanga 6 bakuthabela ukwazi 'njani'. Hlathulula lula bona inaliti yekhompasi ihlala ikhomba etlhagwini, nokobana ukuphakama kwelanga namkha iinkwekwezi kwakhombisa abatjhayeli bona bakude kangangani etlhagwini namkha esewula. Yethula 'padrao' (isiphambano samatje) ngombana uDias wahloma sinye begodu sivela esilaydini elandelako. Gandelela ingozi eqinisileko ukwakhela ihlonipho ngokobana amakhambo la bekabudisi kangangani.
UBartolomeu Dias ujikeleza iCape
Ngo-1488 umkhapheteni wePortugal waba mumuntu wokuthoma weYurophu owaziwako ukutjhayela ajikeleza isiqongolo se-Afrika.
UBartolomeu Dias watjhayela aya eSewula kangangani bona isiwuruwuru saphephula iimkhumbi zakhe zajikeleza ingezansi le-Afrika angakaboni nelijobho. Bekajikeleze iCape, aveza bona iimkhumbi ingafika eMpumalanga ngelwandle.
- Wakhuphuka eMossel Bay wahloma isiphambano samatje elijobho.
- Wathoma ngokubiza indawo leyo ngokuthi 'iCape yeeMuvunguvungu' ngenca yezulu elikghadlha.
- IKosi yePortugal yayibiza kabutjha ngokuthi yi-Cape of Good Hope (iCape yeThemba Elihle), ngombana kwabe kunethemba lokufika eIndiya.
Speaker notes
Lokhu ngelinye lamakhambo amabili aqakathekileko wesifundo. Gandelela u-1488 nombono 'wokuthoma' emtlolweni weYurophu. Landisa indaba lula: isiwuruwuru saphephula uDias wajikeleza iCape cabe kungaqaleki, okwaveza bona indlela yelwandle beyikghonakala. Ukutjhugululwa kwebizo kusuka ku'Cape yeeMuvunguvungu' kuya ku'Cape of Good Hope' kuyinto ekhumbulekako - buza abafundi bona kubayini 'ithemba elihle' beliyibizo elihle. [SME] Sicela uqinisekise amabizo bona uDias wakhuphuka eMossel Bay nokubizwa kweCape ngokuvumelana ne-athikili yeSAHO ngaphambi kokukhipha.
UVasco da Gama ufika eIndiya
Ngemva kweminyaka elitjhumi, omunye umkhapheteni wePortugal watjhayela indlela yoke waya eIndiya wabuya.
UVasco da Gama wasuka ngo-1497. Iimkhumbi zakhe zajama ehlangothini lelijobho leSewula Afrika ngenca yamanzi ahlwengekileko nokuphumula, zabe zatjhayela ziya etlhagwini yelijobho lentjhingalanga zawela ziya eIndiya, afika khona ngo-1498.
- Wabiza ilijobho lentjhingalanga ngokuthi yi-Natal, ngombana watjhayela adlula lapho eduze kweKresimusi.
- Wavula indlela epheleleko yelwandle isuka eYurophu iya eMpumalanga.
- Nje-ke iimkhumbi zePortugal bezidlula iCape kanengi ekhambweni lazo lokuyokurhweba.
Speaker notes
Ikhambo lesibili eliqakathekileko. UDa Gama waqeda lokho okwathonywa nguDias: indlela evulekileko yelwandle iyokufika eIndiya. Kombisa ebalazweni bona indlela ilandela njani ilijobho le-Afrika ijikeleze iCape. Hlathulula bona 'Natal' ihlobene nokubelethwa/iKresimusi, kungakho ayisebenzisa eduze kwaka-25 kaZibandlela. Ngemva kwalokhu, iCape yaba yindawo yokujama yeemkhumbi ezidlulako - okurholela emaDatjhini. [SME] Qinisekisa ukubizwa kweNatal namalanga ka-1497-1498 ngokuvumelana neSAHO ngaphambi kokukhipha.
Ukuhlangana eCape
Nekuhlangana abatjhayeli namaKhoikhoi, bekunerhwebo godu, kwesinye isikhathi, umtjhoferho.
Iimkhumbi ezidlulako beziyatlhoga amanzi ahlwengekileko, inyama nokuphumula. Abatjhayeli bebarhweba berhweba insimbi namapheshana namaKhoikhoi ngeenkomo neenkomani. Kodwana ihlangothi ezimbili bezingakhulumi ilimi elifanako, begodu ukungazwisisi bekungaphenduka ingozi.
- Irhwebo lasiza abatjhayeli abadiniweko bafumana ukudla okuhlwengekileko ekhambweni elide.
- Ngo-1510 kwaphuma umtjhoferho eTable Bay begodu umrholi wePortugal namadoda wakhe amanengi babulawa.
- Iminyaka eminengi ngemva kwalokho, iimkhumbi ezinengi zePortugal zakhetha ukungajami eCape.
Speaker notes
Yiphathe ngobunono nangeqiniso ezingeni leBanga 6. Ukuhlangana bekunehlangothi ezimbili: irhwebo elinokuthula NOMTJHOFERHO. Umtjhoferho ka-1510 eTable Bay (lapho iViceroy yePortugal uFrancisco de Almeida namadoda amanengi bafa khona) yingcenye yokobana amaPortugal aphephe iCape ngemva kwalokho. Balekela ukusola ihlangothi linye; hlathulula bona ukungabikho kwelimi elifanako namasiko ahlukileko kwenza ithemba libe budisi. [SME] Sicela uqinisekise isehlakalo se-1510 seTable Bay, ubunikazi bomrholi, namezwi wabafako ngaphambi kokukhipha - kugcine kufanele ubudala.
AmaDatjhi ne-VOC
Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, abarhwebi bakwaNetherlands bebatlhoga indawo yokujama esesephakathi endleleni eya eMpumalanga.
IDutch East India Company, eyaziwa ngeenhlamvu zesiDatjhi ngokuthi yi-VOC, yathumela iimkhumbi ezinengi phakathi kweYurophu neMpumalanga. ICape beyihlezi hlangana kwekhambo elidesi.
- Abatjhayeli emakhambweni amade bebavame ukugula ngaphandle kokudla okuhlwengekileko namanzi.
- I-VOC beyifuna isikhungo sokuhlumelela eCape ukutjala iimbhida nokufumana inyama ehlwengekileko.
- Ngalokho iKampani yakhetha ukuthumela abantu bazokwakha isisekelo eTable Bay.
Speaker notes
Ibhulorho isuka emaPortugal iya emaDatjhini. Gandelela ibanga: i-VOC beyiyikampani yerhwebo ekulu okwathi iimkhumbi zayo zithathe iinyanga ukufika eMpumalanga, begodu abatjhayeli bebagula (kanengi ngesifo se-scurvy, ngokutlhayela ukudla okuhlwengekileko). Isikhungo sokuhlumelela esiphakathi eCape besizanikela iimbhida ehlwengekileko, amanzi nenyama. Lesi yibanga amaDatjhi afika ngalo - irhwebo nokunikela, ingasi ekuthomeni ukwakha inarha.
UJan van Riebeeck eCape
Ngo-1652 i-VOC yathumela uJan van Riebeeck ukuyokwakha isikhungo sokuhlumelela.
UJan van Riebeeck wafika eTable Bay ngoMbimbi (April) 1652 nesiqhema esincani sabantu. Bakha inqaba yokuvikeleka batjala isimu esikhulu seembhida ukufunza iimkhumbi ezidlulako.
- Batjala iimbhida neenthelo bafuya iinlwana ngenca yenyama ehlwengekileko.
- Barhweba namaKhoikhoi ngeenkomo neenkomani.
- Isikhungwesi esincani sakhula kancani - saba sithomo sokuhlala kwabantu beYurophu kokungapheliko.
Speaker notes
Lokhu kuphenduko yengcenye yesibili yesifundo. UVan Riebeeck wafika ngoMbimbi 1652 nabantu abangaba mamatjhumi malithoba; bakha inqaba neSimu yeKampani ukufunza iimkhumbi. Gandelela ibinzana elithi 'ukuhlala kokungapheliko' - ngokungafani namaPortugal ebekajama kwaphela, amaDatjhi ahlala. Ukuhlala lokho kwenza u-1652 aqakatheke kangaka begodu kurholela emiphumeleni evela esilaydini elandelako. [SME] Qinisekisa inyanga yokufika nobukhulu obubalelwako besiqhema saka-van Riebeeck (kanengi kubalwa njengabangaba ma-90) ngaphambi kokukhipha.
Utjhuguluko ebantwini beCape
Ihlalo etjha yathatha kancani inarha nedlelo ebekweyame kikho amaKhoikhoi.
Ekuthomeni amaDatjhi namaKhoikhoi bebarhweba wodwana. Kodwana njengombana ihlalo yakhula, amaDatjhi afuna inarha eyengeziweko yamasimu - inarha efanako ebekwesetjenziswa mamaKhoikhoi ukudlisa iinkomo zawo.
- AmaKhoikhoi alahlekelwa yidlelo begodu, ngokukhamba kwesikhathi, ilahlekelwa ziinkomo zawo ezinengi.
- Ukungavumelani ngenarha neenkomo kwarholela emtjhoferhweni phakathi kwehlangothi ezimbili.
- Ipilo yamaKhoikhoi namaSan yatjhugululwa unomphela yihlalo eseCape.
Speaker notes
Letha umphumela omkhulu ngokucacileko nangokulinganako. Ubudlelwana bathoma ngerhwebo kodwana batjhuguluka njengombana abahlali bafuna inarha yamasimu - idlelo elifanako amaKhoikhoi ebekawatlhoga ngeenkomo zawo. Lokhu kwarholela ekulahlekelweni yinarha, ukulahlekelwa ziinkomo, nomtjhoferho. Kugcine kuliqiniso begodu kufanele ubudala; iphuzu kukobana ukufika kwehlalo kwatjhugulula ipilo yamaKhoikhoi namaSan unomphela. Lokhu kuhlobene neentloko ezizako zeCAPS ngokukoloniswa kweCape.
Amalanga aqakathekileko: 1488 ukuya ku-1652
- 1488 UBartolomeu Dias ujikeleza iCape
- 1497-98 UVasco da Gama utjhayela aye eIndiya
- 1510 Umtjhoferho namaKhoikhoi eTable Bay
- 1600s Iimkhumbi zamaDatjhi ze-VOC zidlula iCape kanengi
- 1652 UVan Riebeeck uthoma isikhungo sokuhlumelela
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa isilaydi le ukusiza abafundi balandelanise izehlakalo, ikghono eliqakathekileko leCAPS Isigaba Esiphakathi. Bacele bathi baqaphele ikghelo elide phakathi kwamakhambo wokuthoma wePortugal (ekupheleni kweminyaka yabo-1400) nehlalo yamaDatjhi (1652) - iminyaka engaphezu kwe-150. AmaPortugal afumana asebenzisa indlela yelwandle; amaDatjhi ngiwo agcina ahlala eCape.
Amahlangothi amabili wendaba efanako
Amakhambo afanako aqaleka ngokuhlukileko kuye ngokobana ungubani.
Speaker notes
Lesi yisilaydi yokucabanga. Fundisa 'umbono' - iHistori efanako izwakala njengempumelelo ekarisako ngehlangothi leYurophu neyokulahlekelwa ngehlangothi lamaKhoisan. Khuthaza abafundi bona babambelele emaqinisweni womabili ngasikhathi sinye. Lokhu kubumba ukucabanga kweHistori okulinganako begodu kubalungiselela imibuzo yokubukeza.
Esikufundileko
Abatjhayeli bePortugal bafumana indlela yelwandle ejikeleza iSewula Afrika, begodu amaDatjhi ngemva kwalokho ahlala eCape - atjhugulula ipilo yamaKhoisan.
Khumbula indaba: abantu beYurophu bebafuna indlela yelwandle eya eMpumalanga; uDias wajikeleza iCape ngo-1488 begodu uda Gama wafika eIndiya ngo-1498; kwathi ngo-1652 uvan Riebeeck wakha isikhungo sokuhlumelela esakhula saba yihlalo ehlalako.
Q. Kubayini amaPortugal afuna ukutjhayela ajikeleze isiqongolo se-Afrika? (3 marks)
Q. Qamba abarhuli ababili abaziwako bePortugal kwesifundwesi begodu utjho bona ngamunye wenzeni. (4 marks)
Q. Ukufika kwehlalo yamaDatjhi eCape kwatjhugulula njani ipilo yamaKhoikhoi? (3 marks)
Speaker notes
Phetha ngokubukeza izehlakalo ezintathu eziqakathekileko: uDias (1488), uda Gama (1497-98) noku-van Riebeeck (1652). Sebenzisa imibuzo emithathu njengomsebenzi otloliweko namkha ingcoco yekilasi; amamaki alandela isitayila seCAPS. Umbuzo wokugcina uhlola bona abafundi bangakghona ukuhlathulula umphumela, ingasi ukukhumbula iqiniso kwaphela. Bonisa isahluko esilandelako: ukukoloniswa kweCape ngeminyaka yeenkhulungwana ye-17 ne-18.
- Grade
- Grade 6
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- Explorers from Europe find southern Africa
- Resource type
- Presentation