IPi Yephasi Yesibili (1939-1945)
IPi ebulala khulu emlandweni wabantu - begodu nendlela efika ngayo eSewula Afrika kanye nakiyo yoke i-Afrika.
Speaker notes
Thoma ngokubuza abafundi lokho abasele bakwaziko ngePi Yephasi Yesibili - amabhayisikobho, iindaba zemindeni, iinkhumbuzo. Beka imicabango emibili emikhulu yesifundwesi: (1) beyimpi yaphasi loke enembangela ecacileko neenkhathi zokutjhuguluka, begodu (2) beyingasi 'phetjheya' kwaphela e-Yurophu - abantu beSewula Afrika nabanye ama-Afrika balwa, bafa, batjhugulula umlando ngebanga layo. Khumbuza abafundi bona ipi yaphasi itjho ukulwa emazwenikazi amanengi ngasikhathi sinye.
Iimbangela zePi Yephasi Yesibili
IPi Yesibili yavela emsebenzini ongakapheli wePi Yephasi Yokuthoma.
Ngemva kwePi Yephasi Yokuthoma, i-Treaty of Versailles (1919) (isivumelwano sokuthula) yajezisa iJarimani ngeemali ezinengi nangokulahlekelwa mhlaba. Nekwafika i-Great Depression (isikhathi sokuwa komnotho) elethe ukungasebenzi okukhulu ngeminyaka yabo-1930, abantu abasilingekileko, abangaselithemba bajamela ababusi abazazo abathembise ukwenza iinarha zabo zibe namandla godu.
- Adolf Hitler neqembu lamaNazi lathatha amandla eJarimani ngo-1933, litjhumayela ubuhlanga nokuziphindisela.
- Ababusi abazazo e-Italy (Mussolini) namasotja aseJapan bafuna ukwakha ubukhosi ngamandla.
- I-League of Nations beyibuthakathaka khulu bona ingavimba ihlaselo, begodu amanye amazwe azama ukubalekela ipi ngokuvuma (i-appeasement, ukuthobisa).
Speaker notes
Dweba umudwa wembangela nomphumela: ukuthula okulukhuni + ukuwa komnotho + iimpendulo ezibuthakathaka zephasi = ukuvela kobubusi obuzazobukhohlakeleko. Hlathulula 'i-appeasement' kalula - iBritain neFrance zavumela uHitler ephula imithetho, zithemba bona uzokuma. Akhange ame. Buyisela emutjhweni webanga 8 wePi Yephasi Yokuthoma khona abafundi bazokubona ukuhlangana kweempi ezimbilezi.
Ukuqubuka kwepi
Ngomhlaka-1 Septemba 1939 iJarimani yahlasela iPoland, iphasi laba sepini godu.
Ngemva kokuthatha i-Austria neCzechoslovakia, iJarimani yahlasela i-Poland ngomhlaka-1 Septemba 1939. Emalangeni amabili ngemva kwalokho iBritain neFrance zamemezela ipi eJarimani. Ihlaselo elirhabako lamathanki nemitjhini yendiza yeJarimani libizwa ngokuthi yi-Blitzkrieg ('ipi yombani').
- Ngaphakathi kwo-1940 iJarimani beyihlule iFrance nengcenye enengi ye-Yurophu yeTjhingalanga.
- Iinhlangothi ezimbili zaziwa nge-Axis (iJarimani, i-Italy, iJapan) kanye ne-Allies (iBritain, iFrance, kwathi ngemva i-USSR ne-USA).
- IBritain nobukhosi bayo - kufaka hlangana iSewula Afrika - besele bajamelene neJarimani lamaNazi.
Speaker notes
Beka ilanga lokuthoma ngokuqinileko: 1 Septemba 1939. Hlathulula i-Blitzkrieg ngesithombe - amathanki neendiza ezidonsa ibhomu ezikhamba ngesibelo kangangobana abavikeli abakhange bakwazi ukuhlela. Yenza kucace bona kubayini iSewula Afrika beyisebandulini kwakho: njengengcenye yeBritish Empire neCommonwealth, umbuzo wokungena epini wafika nqo epalamende yeSewula Afrika, okusliyidi elilandelako.
Iindawo eziqakathekileko zepi
Ukulwa kwaqhela emimandeni emithathu emikhulu, namtjhana 'iindawo zepi', zephasi.
I-Yurophu
IJarimani yalwa neBritain etjhingalanga, begodu, ukusukela ngo-1941, ne-Soviet Union epumalanga - ipi yehlabathi enkulukazi emlandweni.
I-Afrika yeTlhagwini
Amabutho we-Allies ne-Axis alwa adabula irhwaba alwela ukulawula i-Suze Canal newoyela. Abantu beSewula Afrika balwa lapha.
I-Asia ne-Pacific
Ngemva kokobana iJapan yahlasela iPearl Harbor ngoDisemba 1941, i-USA yangena epini yalwa neJapan idabula ulwandle lwe-Pacific.
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa amakarada amathathu ukunikela abafundi imephu yengqondo. Gcizelela bona iindawo zepi bezihlangene: ukuhlulwa endaweni yinye kwathinta ezinye. Khomba i-Afrika yeTlhagwini khulukhulu, ngombana lapho yindawo lapha amasotja amanengi weSewula Afrika asebenza khona. Qaphela isikhathi esiqakathekileko lapha i-USA yangena khona ngemva kwePearl Harbor (7 Disemba 1941), okwatjhugulula ibhalensi ngeenhlangothini ze-Allies.
Iinkhathi zokutjhuguluka zepi
- 1939 IJarimani ihlasela iPoland; ipi iyathoma
- 1940 Ukuwa kweFrance; iBattle of Britain
- 1941 IJarimani ihlasela i-USSR; iJapan ihlasela iPearl Harbor, i-USA iyangena
- 1942 IiBattles zeStalingrad ne-El Alamein zitjhugulula umsindo wepi
- 1944 I-D-Day: I-Allies iyehla eFrance ngomhlaka-6 Juni
- 1945 IJarimani iyazithoba (Meyi); amabhomu we-athomu, iJapan iyazithoba (Arhostosi)
Speaker notes
'Isikhathi sokutjhuguluka' sisikhathi esitjhugulula indlela ekhamba ngayo ipi. Gqamisa u-1942 njengomnyaka lapho umsindo watjhuguluka khona: iStalingrad yavimba iJarimani epumalanga, begodu i-El Alamein (lapho abantu beSewula Afrika balwa khona) yavimba iJarimani e-Afrika yeTlhagwini. Buza abafundi bona baqaphele indlela ipi eyaqhela ngayo isukela ngo-1939 yabe yabuya yavalela iJarimani neJapan ngo-1945.
IHolocaust
AmaNazi enza ukubulawa ngabomu kwabantu bamaJuda abayisigidi ezisithandathu.
AmaNazi bekakholwa bona amanye 'amahlanga' aphakeme kunamanye. Ancotjha amaJuda amalungelo, awasunduzela emiphakathini yokuhlala evalelweko (ii-ghetto), abe abulala amaJuda amalunga neengidi ezisithandathu eenkambeni zokuvalela nezokubulala njenge-Auschwitz. Ukubulawa lokhu kwesizukulwana kubizwa nge-Holocaust (ngesiHeberu, i-Shoah).
- AmaNazi abulala godu abantu bamaRoma, abantu abakhubazekileko, abaphikisi bepolotiki nabanye.
- IHolocaust itjengisa lapho ubuhlanga nenzondo kungayisa khona nekunombuso onamandla apheleleko.
- Ngemva kwepi, iphasi lathembisa 'akungaphindi kwenzeke godu' begodu lathoma ukubhala imithetho emitjha yamalungelo wabantu.
Speaker notes
Phatha isliyidesi ngokutjhejisisa nangokuqakatheka. Gcina izinga lokufunda lilula kodwana ungathambisi iqiniso: bekuyingcenye yokuhlela, ukubulawa kwezigidi zabantu abanganamlandu. Ihlanganise nalokho abafundi abazokufunda ngakho ngobuhlanga eSewula Afrika - ingozi yokufundisa bona iqembu linye labantu libaluleke ngaphasi kwelinye. Lokhu kusikhathi esihle godu sokuhlanganisa phambili ne-Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948).
ISewula Afrika ikhetha ukulwa
NgoSeptemba 1939 ipalamende yeSewula Afrika bekufuze ikhethe: ukungathathi hlangothi, namtjhana ukuhlangana ne-Allies?
UNdunakulu J.B.M. Hertzog bekafuna bona iSewula Afrika ingathathi hlangothi, kodwana isekela lakhe u-Jan Smuts bekafuna ukulwa nge-Allies. Ngomhlaka-4 Septemba 1939 ipalamende yavotela ipi. UHertzog wafhulukela, u-Smuts waba nguNdunakulu nomdosiphambili omkhulu we-Allies.
- Ivowudi yahlukanisa ipolotiki yabamhlophe khulu hlangana nama-Afrikaner asekela ipi nafuna ipi.
- Ibutho leSewula Afrika belilincani ngo-1939 kodwana lakhula msinya ngamavolontiya.
- Akakho eSewula Afrika obekakatelelwa (conscripted) ukulwa phetjheya - amasotja bekazivolontiya.
Speaker notes
Lesi sisikhathi esiqakathekileko seSewula Afrika. Hlathulula bona isiqunto besingakacaci: ama-Afrikaner amanengi bewasakhumbula iPi yeSewula Afrika emelene neBritain begodu bekangafuni ukulwela iBritish Empire. Ivowudi yepalamende encani (malunga no-80 ku-67) yahlukanisa inarha. Ethula uSmuts njengomuntu wephasi ozokuvela godu ekupheleni kwesifundo ekusekelweni kwe-United Nations. [SME] Qinisekisa isibalo sevowudi esiqinileko (esivame ukubalwa njengo-80-67) ngaphambi kokugadangisa.
Ama-Afrika ekulweni
Abantu abangaphezu kwe-300,000 beSewula Afrika bazivolontiya - begodu ubuhlanga bawulawula indlela abavunyelwe ukusebenza ngayo.
Amabutho weSewula Afrika asiza ukukhupha ama-Italiya e-Afrika yePumalanga (Abyssinia/Ethiopia) ngo-1941 begodu alwa ngamandla e-rhwabeni le-Afrika yeTlhagwini. Kilo loke izwekazi, iinkulungwana zamasotja ne-carriers we-Afrika asebenza umsebenzi wepi we-Allies.
- Abantu abanzima nabaKhala beSewula Afrika basebenza eNative Military Corps neCape Corps, kodwana urhulumende ngokujayelekileko wala ukuhlomisa amasotja anzima, awasebenzisa njengabatjhayeli, abaqaphi nabasebenzi.
- UJob Maseko, isotja lomuntu onzima weSewula Afrika, wadumela ngokucwilisa umkhumbi weJarimani echwebeni leTobruk begodu waklonyeliswa nge-Military Medal.
- ETobruk (Juni 1942) iinkulungwana zamasotja weSewula Afrika abanjwa nekwawa idorobho ku-amabutho weJarimani.
Speaker notes
Isliyidesi sithwala umnqophwo we-CAPS ngeSewula Afrika ne-Afrika. Gcizelela ukungabi nabulungiswa: abantu abanzima beSewula Afrika babeka iimpilo zabo engozini kodwana bavinjwa iinhlomo namaholo alinganako ngebanga lomthetho wobuhlanga, begodu babuyela emakhaya bangananikelwa umvuzo. Sebenzisa uJob Maseko njengesibonelo esiqinileko, esikhumbulekako sesibindi. Veza bona ukuhlangenwe nepi, nokuzenzisa kokulwa nobuhlanga bamaNazi phetjheya kusesekhona ubuhlanga ekhaya, kwafak' amandla ekukhuleni kweenhlangano zepolotiki zabantu abanzima. [SME] Qinisekisa isamba samavolontiya (~334,000) nesibalo se-Tobruk POW ngomthombo ngaphambi kokugadangisa.
Ukuphikisa ipi ekhaya
Akusi woke umuntu eSewula Afrika osekela i-Allies - abanye batjho ngokusepepeleni bathanda iJarimani lamaNazi.
I-Ossewabrandwag (OB) beyihlangano yama-Afrikaner enkulu eyaphikisa ipi begodu yabuzwelela neJarimani lamaNazi. Amanye amalunga enza ukudicilela (sabotage), begodu urhulumende wavalela (interned - wababopha ngaphandle kwecala) amakhulu wawo ngesikhathi sepi.
- URobey Leibbrandt, obekasonga wesibhakela we-Olympic, wabanjwa alinga ukuhlela ukujamela okuhlomileko kweJarimani.
- Ukuhlukana lokhu kwajulisa ubuzwe bama-Afrikaner begodu kwafak' amandla epolotikini ngemva kwepi.
- Ngasikhathi sinye, abanengi abanye abantu beSewula Afrika - bawo woke amahlanga - baphikisa ngokuqinileko i-fascism nobuhlanga.
Speaker notes
Hlathulula bona inarha esepini akukavamai ihlangene. Amanye ama-Afrikaner abona ipi njengepi yeBritain, ingasi yawo, begodu inani elincani ngokusepepeleni lasekela iJarimani lamaNazi. Ungakhulisi lokhu ngaphezulu - abanengi abantu beSewula Afrika basekela i-Allies - kodwana kuqakathekile ngombana iinhlangano lezi zahlela ipolotiki ngemva kwalokho, zafak' amandla ekukhuleni kwe-National Party ngo-1948 (iyunithi elandelako). Linganisela isithombe ngokubiza abanengi abantu beSewula Afrika abaphikisa i-fascism.
Ihlangothi lekhaya
Ipi yatjhugulula ipilo yansuku zoke nomnotho wabantu abangazange bayithole iSewula Afrika.
Njengombana amadoda bekasepini, abafazi bangenela imisebenzi yeemboni neyama-ofisi ngobunengi obukhulu. Iimboni zatjhentjhela ekwenzeni impahla yepi, okwakhulisa imboni yeSewula Afrika begodu kwadonsela abasebenzi abanengi abanzima emadorobheni.
- Iimpahla njengepetroli nokudla kwabelwa (rationed) begodu amanani akhuphuka.
- Ukukhula okurhabako kweemboni kwandisa ukurhurha kwama-Afrika emadorobheni nokugcwala ngaphezulu emalokitjhini.
- Utjhentjho lwepi lolu lwasiza ukubeka isiseko semizamo yepolotiki yeminyaka yabo-1940 nabo-1950.
Speaker notes
Hlanganisa ipi netjhentjho lomphakathi nelomnotho abafundi abangahlobana nalo. Umbono oqakathekileko kukobana ipi ehlangothini yabangela utjhentjho ekhaya: umsebenzi wabafazi, ukukhula kweemboni, begodu khulukhulu ilizinyathi labasebenzi bama-Afrika abarhurhela emadorobheni. Ukurhurha lokhu - nabujamo obumbi obeza nabo - kuhlangana nqo nepolotiki yokuphikisa yeyunithi elandelako ye-CAPS ngo-1948 nabo-1950.
Indlela ipi ephela ngayo - nendleko yayo
Ngo-1945 amandla we-Axis besele ahluliwe, kodwana ngendleko enkulukazi yabantu.
IJarimani yazithoba ngo-Meyi 1945. Ukuphelisa ipi emelene neJapan, i-USA yawisa amabhomu we-athomu e-Hiroshima neNagasaki ngo-Arhostosi 1945, iJapan yazithoba. Bekusikhathi sokuthoma iinhlomo ze-athomu zisetjenziswa epini.
- Kubalelwa bona abantu abayingidi ezingaba-60 namtjhana ngaphezulu bafa - abanengi babo bebangasi masotja (abantu abavamileko).
- Ingcenye enengi ye-Yurophu ne-Asia yalala emanabalabeni, begodu iingidi zaba babalekeli (refugees).
- Ipi yatjhiya amazwe amabili amatjha anamandla amakhulu, i-USA ne-USSR, umncintiswano wawo owaba yiCold War.
Speaker notes
Imibono emibili ekufuze ifike lapha: ubukhulu bokufa (khulukhulu abantu abavamileko, ingasi amasotja kwaphela) nokufika kwesikhathi se-athomu. Amabhomu we-athomu abhulorho oya emutjhweni olandelako webanga 9, iNuclear Age neCold War. Qaphela bona isibalo sabafileko sisilinganiso - abezomlando banikela ummango. Gcizelela bona ipi ayikaphelisi iinkinga; yenza umncintiswano omutjha oyingozi hlangana ne-USA ne-USSR. [SME] Iilinganiso zabafileko zisukela malunga no-60 ukuya ku-85 million; qinisekisa isibalo esisetjenziswa yincwadi yesikolo.
Ukwakha iphasi elitjha: i-United Nations
Emanabalabeni wepi, iinarha zazama ukwakha ihlelo lokugcina ukuthula.
Thina abantu be-United Nations sizimisele ukusindisa izizukulwana ezilandelako esifundeni sepi... Isivulo seCharter ye-United Nations, 1945
NgoJuni 1945, iinarha ezingaba-50 zahlangana e-San Francisco zatjhwayela iCharter ye-United Nations (UN), ihlangano yokurarulula iingxabano ngokuthula. UNdunakulu weSewula Afrika u-Jan Smuts wasiza ukubhala isivulo esidumileko seCharter.
- I-UN yathatha indawo ye-League of Nations eyahlulekako yeminyaka yabo-1920 nabo-1930.
- Ngo-1948 i-UN yamukela i-Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
- Ngokungakalindeleki, i-UN yaba lizwi eliphambili elimelene ne-apartheid eSewula Afrika ngemva kwesikhathi.
Speaker notes
Phetha isifundo ngemiphumela nethemba. Hlathulula ukungakalungi okujulileko i-CAPS efuna abafundi baqaphele: uSmuts wasiza ukubhala amagama amahle ngesithunzi sabantu se-UN, kodwana urhulumende abewuhola bewusabhalelwa amalungelo abanengi abantu beSewula Afrika ekhaya - begodu i-UN efanako yagcina iyilahla i-apartheid. Ukugandeleleka lokhu bhulorho onamandla oya emayunithini weenkhathi zokutjhuguluka zeSewula Afrika. Hlathulula 'isivulo' (preamble) njengesitatimende sokuvula sehloso.
Esikufundileko
IPi Yephasi Yesibili beyipi yehlabathi eyabumba kabutjha iphasi loke - kufaka hlangana iSewula Afrika.
Silandele ipi ukusukela eembangeleni zayo (ukuthula okulukhuni, iDepression nokuvela kwababusi abazazo), sidabula iinkhathi zokutjhuguluka zayo, ubudlobha be-Holocaust, isiqunto seSewula Afrika sokulwa nendima yamasotja we-Afrika, ipilo ehlangothini lekhaya, begodu ekugcineni imiphumela nokusekelwa kwe-United Nations.
Q. Hlathulula iimbangela ezimbili zePi Yephasi Yesibili. (4 marks)
Q. Kubayini u-1942 (i-El Alamein neStalingrad) uhlathululwa njengesikhathi sokutjhuguluka sepi? (4 marks)
Q. Hlathulula indlela ubuhlanga obuthinta ngayo indlela abantu abanzima beSewula Afrika abavunyelwe ukungenela ngayo epini. (6 marks)
Speaker notes
Sebenzisa imibuzo emithathu njengomsebenzi obhaliweko namtjhana ipatjoziswano lekilasi; ukwabiwa kwamamaki kulandela iindlela ze-CAPS ezisekelwe emithonjeni nezokubhala okunabileko. Khuthaza abafundi ukusebenzisa ubufakazi obuqinileko (amalanga, amagama njengoSmuts noJob Maseko, iindawo njengeTobruk). Phetha ngokuhlanganisa phambili: imiphumela yepi - ukurhurha emadorobheni, ubuzwe bama-Afrikaner, iCold War ne-UN - yoke ifak' amandla nqo emayunithini alandelako webanga 9 ngeNuclear Age neenkhathi zokutjhuguluka zeSewula Afrika ngemva ko-1948.
- Grade
- Grade 9
- Subject
- History
- CAPS topic
- World War II (1939-1945)
- Resource type
- Presentation