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Chapter 9
New Methods of Struggle Having defined its tasks and formulated its programme, having turned from the role of passivity to that of active…
Chapter 8. Capitalists without Money
In 1928 the clothing industry presented a picture of primitive capitalism. There were about fifty factories on the Rand, roughly forty in…
Chapter 7. An Afrikaner Working Mother
Anna Sophia Swanepoel (Told in 1950) I was born on 2nd April 1893, on Tapfontein Farm, Edenvale district, Orange Free State. My father was…
Chapter 7 - Defining the process
Codesa's first plenary session boosted the chances of a speedy resolution to South Africa's conflict and of substantive negotiation towards…
Chapter 6 - Defining the agenda
It had taken nearly two years of talks almost exclusively between the ANC and the NP to address the obstacles preventing multi-party…
Chapter 7 - Gumede keeps the bright fire burning, 1928-29
‘I am prepared to lay down my life for freedom’, Gumede, 1928. Introduction As the first President-General to represent the ANC officially…
Chapter 6 -The making of a black Bolshevik: Gumede and the League Against Imperialism, 1927
‘The CPSA are the only people who are with us in spirit’, Gumede in Brussels, 1927. INTRODUCTION The focus of this chapter is Gumede’s…
Chapter 6 - Reform, Repression and Mass Resistance
The uprising of 1976-77 marked a watershed in political relations between the apartheid state and the dominated social groups. Henceforth,…
Chapter 7
The Clarion Call-A Call to Unity "From the people comes the call to the Convention, a call for a lead. The Executive Committee of the All…
Chapter 6
Regeneration of the All-African Convention: The Background In spite of all the forces ranged against the progress and political development…
Chapter 5: The Socio-Economic impact of Vigilantes and Political Violence in Kwazulu-Natal
5.1 The Socio-Economic impact of Vigilantes and Political Violence It would be an oversight to discuss vigilantes and political violence in…
Chapter 4: Public Response to Vigilantism and Political Violence in Kwazulu-Natal
4.1 The Role of the media The media played a significant role in highlighting the activities of vigilantes and political violence in…
Chapter 4 - The Township Uprising, September-November 1984
Apartheid was brought to an end by the struggles of millions of ordinary people in townships, factories and rural areas. The insurrection…
Chapter 5 - Preparing to negotiate
It took nearly two years of formal talks to remove the obstacles in the path of multi-party negotiations. However, it was not until nearly…
Chapter 5 - Who would deliver us from oppression? Gumede and African politics in South Africa,1921-1927
‘After being a man of the world, I have discovered there is no Zulu, Xhosa, Mosotho or Coloured, but all are and must be known henceforth…
Chapter 5 -The Character, Role and Significance of SASO
In this chapter I now interpret the character, role and significance of SASO. To this end, I draw on the analysis of the previous two…
Chapter 5
The Significance of the All-African Convention Notwithstanding the temporary vicissitudes, which overtook the Convention, the indubitable…
Chapter 4. From The Poverty of the Platteland to the Slums of the City: Farm Girls Turned Into Factory Hands
The Poor White problem spread to the factories and the slums of Johannesburg and was soon felt in the offices of the union. There was a…
CHAPTER 4 - ANARCHISTS AND ACTIVISTS AND CRITICAL ART PRACTICE
Chapter 3: The Role of the Police and the Government in Vigilante Activities
This chapter is not about the general role of the South African Police (SAP) and the South African Government in KwaZulu-Natal; it is about…
Chapter 3 - Politics and Consciousness in Cape Town Communities, 1980-1985
Anti-dangerous work. This organisation happened in the context of people living in their racial or cultural ghettos, with their own…
Chapter 4 - Removing the obstacles
The years 1990 and 1991 were as important as they were eventful. The agreements recorded during this period ensured that obstacles in the…
Chapter 4 - In search of Justice; Gumede in England, 1919-21
‘The laws of Queen Victoria had been hidden. Natives should fight to regain them’. Gumede - Harris, 8 November 1923. INTRODUCTION The…
Chapter 4 - ‘SASO on the Attack’ : Organisation, Mobilisation and Collective Action
I now turn to examine select aspects of SASO's organisation and its activities related to student and popular mobilisation and collective…
Chapter 3 - SASO: The Ideology and Politics of Black Consciousness
For white South Africans the late 1960s was a time of political calm, rising living standards, prosperity and sharing in the sustained…
Chapter 4
Why the "Compromise"? What is the explanation of the wholesale reversal on the part of the leaders? It is not enough to say that they "sold…
Chapter 3 - Documentary Photography and Awakening the International Community, 1976-1994
Chapter 3 - Exploring the feasibility of negotiation
By 1985 the struggle for democracy in South Africa had intensified, and the country found itself on the brink of a potentially devastating…
Chapter 3
The Formation of the All-African Convention: The Background In 1935 the Union Government confronted the country with what were called the…
Chapter 2 - Resistance Photography and Mobilization of the Resistance, 1946-1976
Chapter 2: The Nature and Character of Vigilantes in Kwazulu-Natal
2.1 Introduction Before embarking on the nature and character of vigilantes in KwaZulu-Natal, it is important to clarify certain aspects…
Chapter 2 - The Soweto Uprising of June 1976: A Turning Points Event
By 10:30 on 16 June 1976, thousands of students had gathered in Orlando West to begin a protest march against the imposition of the…
Chapter 27. The Police State in Action
The triumphs of the anti-communist crusaders have been made possible only by the tacit support, cowardice and confusion of large sections…
Chapter 24. Sack All Non-Europeans
In May 1948, when the Nationalist Government came to power, the union was engaged in a struggle with the clothing manufacturers. The…
Chapter 29. Policy and Tactics of The Union
The tremendous achievements of the union in all spheres since (928 were made possible largely by the rapid development of South African…
Chapter 28. I Fight Back
Serving the orders upon me at the union office was the first of a series of blunders on Swart's part. For many months the committee had…
Chapter 25. A Reichstag Fire Trial Replete With A Van Der Lubbe
In the general election of May 1948, the Nationalist Party polled 400,453 votes and its ally, the Afrikaner Party, 41,885, a total of 442…
Chapter 2 - Industrialisation and the Revitalisation of Black Politics in the 1940s
Three documents, fundamental changes that took place in black protest politics and African nationalist thinking during the 1940s,…
Chapter 2 - Historical Background
The new constitution was negotiated between May 1994 and October 1996 in the country's first democratically elected convention, the…
Chapter 14 - Epilogue: lessons from the negotiating table
The new constitution is a celebration of the creativity of the South African people, for few, if any, other countries have been as…
Chapter 2 - No equality under the Union Jack, 1900 - 1910
No equality under the Union Jack, 1900-1910 Gumede’s hopes that the British victory in the Anglo-Boer war would result in the removal of…
Chapter 2 - From Crisis to Stability to Crisis
This chapter grounds the analysis of the emergence, ideology and politics, organisation and collective actions of SASO which are examined…
Chapter 2
Forunners We have already said that the All African Convention should be viewed as one further step in the political development of the…
Chapter 18. Disrupting the Trade Unions
In Mein Kampf, Hitler propounded at length the need for capturing or disrupting all mass organisations in the interest of National…
Chapter 14. Rebuilding the Union-Constitution
When I returned to South Africa in March 1933, I found the stillness of the grave in the union office. The mass of workers in the factory…
Chapter 13 - The public participation process
It is therefore important that as we put our vision to the country, we should do so directly, knowing that people out there want to be part…
Chapter 12 - Certification of the final constitution
Within twenty-four hours of adoption, the executive director of the Constitutional Assembly began receiving calls from the Constitutional…
Chapter 11 - Negotiating the final constitution
The adoption of the final Constitution concluded some of the most successful negotiations in recent constitutional and political history…
Chapter 13
Zig Zags of opportunism We have considered it necessary in the previous chapter to pause and deal in more detail with certain facets of the…
Chapter 11
African National Congress Now it is not so difficult to recognise the first two obstacles to progress because the link between them and the…