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… People's Liberation Army (APLA) burnt down the farm house of Edmund Middleton of Fouriesburg on 10 October 1992. The attack was part of an APLA military exercise known as 'Operation Great …

… the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) of Jonas Savimbi, signed a peace deal in Lusaka, Zambia. The … by the United Nations (UN). According to the terms of the peace agreement, UNITA pledged to demilitarise its …

… The trainees cited their unhappiness with the slow pace of integration into the SANDF and conditions in the camp. All the dismissed recruits were former members of the armed wing Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) of the African National Congress (ANC). Those who failed to …

…  decided whether South Africa should remain a member of the British Commonwealth of Nations or declare  a republic. The voting age restriction … while the smaller Progressive Party appealed to supporters of the proposed change to 'reject the republic', arguing that …

… Dear Sir, I very much appreciate your sending me a copy of yr 1tr of 1 Sept. I endorse much of what you say, particularly about hatred. I agree with your …

… from his brother. In later years he was the recipient of several bursaries. He exhibited his work from 1928-1987. … commissioned by the Bantu Welfare Trust to paint scenes of Black tribal life. In his lifetime, Pemba received several honorary degrees from the Universities of Fort Hare, Zululand and Bophuthatswana. Pemba’s chosen …

… acclaim. Motswai was born on 27 May 1963, in Soweto, South of Johannesburg. Although he was born deaf, he became a … Soweto." He attended art classes at FUBA (Federated Union of Black Artists) and the Johannesburg Art Foundation. … superb visual memory enables him to record details of people, places and events which provide us with the …

… Many South Africans have heard of the ‘Bang Bang Club,’ a nickname given to four South African photographers who captured the dying years of apartheid through their camera lenses. The four … in South African townships in the early 1990s.   In memory of Oosterbroek, who was killed during a firefight between the …

… born into a Muslim family in Tangier, Morocco. At the age of 21 Battuta set out on a pilgrimage to Mecca. The trip … his memory. Experts have disputed his accounts about some of the places he claimed to have visited and suspect that he embellished much of the details of his trips. He is also thought to have …

… Ian Douglas Smith, announced the Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI). During his announcement Smith said; … stalemate in negotiations has become evident, the end of the road has been reached. It has become abundantly clear that it is the policy of the British Government to play us along with no real …

… and this event proved a remarkable influence on the future of his political life.   Gandhi was later instrumental in protesting against policies of segregation in South Africa in the early 1900s, especially … them to pay a £3 poll tax. Gandhi implemented strategies of passive resistance to protest against these policies. This …

… Revolution: Further Reflections, Joe Matthews. The Place of Boycott, Stanley Trapido. The Africanists Cut Loose, Peter … Horse in Northern Rhodesia, Kenneth Kaunda. The Crucible of Privilege: Southern Rhodesia, Joshua Nkomo. An Iota of Difference, Moses Makone. Portrait of a Failure: Sir Roy …

… and Beira in Mozambique was completed. The construction of the Beira Railway to Umtali was completed in February … to Pauling & Co., its constructors. The construction of the line had covered 222 miles between Beira and Umtali. … force into the Highveld. The military force was made up of 5 000 men, 10,000 horses, and 14,000 tons of military …

… set off from the Tagus River on 8 July 1497 with a crew of 148 men in a squadron of three square-riggers, the Sao Gabriel, the Sao Raphael, … four months they sailed across the Atlantic without sight of land until, on *4 November 1497, they reached a bay …

… Nqwiliso, tribal chief of Western Pondoland and eldest son of Ndamase, signed a treaty with H.G. Elliott in which he … protection. On 30 September 1878, he sold 10 000 acres of land at Umzimvubu River mouth. Two British officers, … Kruger, D.W. (ed)(1972). Dictionary of South African Biography, Cape Town: Human Sciences …

… South Africa's youngest cabinet member and deputy minister of home affairs, Malusi Knowledge Nkanyedzi Gigaba, was born … he had been African National Congress (ANC) member of parliament and president of the ANC Youth League. References: Hayes, S. (ed)(2000). …

… Overlooking the Western side of the Parade is the lofty General Post Office building. It was completed in 1940 on the site of the old Opera House. The exterior displays some … around the walls executed by leading contemporary artists of the forties. At the time of its completion it was the …

… his death, Tyamzashe was awarded an honorary Masters of Arts degree from University of Fort Hare in recognition of his contribution to the music industry. He died due to …

… Joshua Nkomo, long time friend of Robert Mugabe, was dismissed as minister of the interior on the accusation of plotting a coup in Zimbabwe. This triggered bitter …

… group reached consensus on several issues such the release of political prisoners, return of exiles, obstacles in the Internal Security Act and suspension of violence by the ANC as part of the on-going negotiations …

… Top finance officials from seven of the world's richest countries, the G7 (now Group of 8 after the inclusion of Russia), opened a two-day meeting in London that, while …

… The third conference of the African Union (AU) meeting in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, selected South Africa as the seat of the future Pan African Parliament (PAP).President Thabo … Mbeki announced that it would be erected on the site of the Gallagar Estate, Midrand. The facilities would be …

… Burundi, a country located east of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) gained its independence on 01 July 1962.   Formerly part of German East Africa, Burundi gained its independence under …

… On 24 August 2012, Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) issued a statement … ones in their grief and the country that was in a state of shock over this tragic event. It was and is the single largest case of police brutality since the advent of democracy. The …

… The involvement of women in liberation struggle tends to attract controversy. … This relates mainly to the extent and character of women's participation. Some suggest that their activity … unimportant roles, while the men were cast as heroes. Much of this controversy relates to how one theorises the …

… was born on Bloublommetjieskloof farm in the district of Malmesbury, Cape Colony. Laubser went on to become on of South Africa's most renowned South African painters. … a distinctive pastoral style. Laubser was a member of the South African Society of Artists (SASA) and received …

… P. Selborne, British High Commissioner in SA and Governor of the Transvaal and Orange River Colony, dies at the age of 82. His predecessor was Lord Milner. He first retired in … He retained his other positions until 1910 when the Union of South Africa was established. After his retirement he …

… APDUSA (African Peoples Democratic Union of South Africa) is calling for a boycott to the elections and is seen as the only method of rejecting the new constitution. And in doing so, the pamphlet claims that the people of the liberatory movement will be rejecting White supremacy; …

… Themba Sono was forced to resign as president of the South African Student Organisation (SASO) before he … controversial opening address in his capacity as president of SASO. The address sharply conflicted with the very radical and non-pragmatic position of "no-contact" with 'White liberals' and separate …

… States had not. During the Reagan administration, a policy of constructive engagement with the apartheid government was … 1984, hoping to promote an economic boycott with the aim of bringing the apartheid regime to an end. In his speech on Capitol Hill, Desmond Tutu asserted that the policy of constructive engagement was "immoral, evil and …