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Article1960-1966: The genesis of the armed struggle
The 1960s marked an important watershed in South Africa's struggle against apartheid. The aftermath of the Sharpeville Massacre, in 1960, signalled the…
BiographyFranco Frescura
Franco Frescura was born in Trieste, Italy, on 28 September 1946. Both his parents originally came from Fiume, today known as Rijeka, in present-day Croatia…
The Colors of Resistance in Apartheid South Africa: Black Consciousness Poetry and the Racial Elusiveness of Wopko Jensma
The article analyzes Black Consciousness poetry of the 1970s and 1980s South Africa alongside the protest poetry of white South African poet Wopko Jensma. It…
BiographyDr. Mantombazana ‘Manto’ Tshabalala-Msimang
Manto Tshabalala-Msimang was born in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal on 9 October 1940. She attended Inanda Seminary Secondary School, a boarding school for black South…
BiographyNjinga Ana de Sousa
The history of Queen Njinga (or Nzinga) of Ndongo/Matamba is contested. Portuguese colonial historians and missionaries would emphasise her conversion to…
The Industrial Workers of Africa, 1917-1921 by Bikisha Media Collective
The history of four years of the revolutionary multi-racial union in South Africa, the Industrial Workers of Africa, and the labour movement at the time. …
ArchiveBiography of Florence Mkhize by Rachel Manak
Florence Mkhize was an active member and leader in some of the most prominent organizations that worked to end apartheid in South Africa, including the…
Book 1: Ancient Civilizations and Global Trade - Chapter 4 - Some Reflections on Early African and South African History by Sekibakiba Peter Lekgoathi
From the book: Book 1: Ancient Civilizations and Global Trade commissioned by The Department of Education After 1994 politicians, historians, educators and…
ArticleAfrikaans: the Language of Black and Coloured Dissent
IntroductionAfrikaans, one of the official languages, together with English, during South Africa’s Apartheid era, often occupies a politicised space as the …
The New Generation
A significant challenge to state policy as regards the visual arts was undertaken at The State of Art in South Africa Conference held in 1979 at the University…
The Freedom struggle in Polokwane
The Freedom struggle in Polokwane/Pietersburg looks at the Resistance politics, the re-emergence of resistance in the 1980s, and political developments after…
ArticleDrum Magazine
The establishment of Drum Magazine in the 1950s, notwithstanding the newly-elected Nationalist Party’s policy of Apartheid, reflected the dynamic changes that…
Book 4: Industrialisation, Rural Change and Nationalism - Glossary
From the book: Book 4: Industrialisation, Rural Change and Nationalism commissioned by The Department of Education augur well - to be a sign that something…
EventThe Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA) disbands
The Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA) was the underground military wing of the Pan African Congress (PAC). APLA was formed in the 1960s, after the…
Tribute to Prof Meer on her 80th birthday by Ari Sitas, 23 August 2008
South African History Online Tribute to Prof Meer on her 80th birthday by Ari Sitas 23 August 2008 Fatima Meer's career at Natal University spanned…
David Goldblatt: Structures of Dominion & Democracy (Artthrob), 31 March 2015, Durban, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa
For five decades Goldblatt has travelled South Africa photographing sites weighted with historical narrative: monuments, as well as private, religious and…
EventSupreme Court changes ruling on forced removals, traditionally
From 1960 to 1983, the apartheid Government forcibly moved 3.5 million Black South Africans in one of the largest mass removals of people in modern history…
PlaceNyanga Township
Nyanga, a sprawling, poverty-stricken illustration of Cape Town’s urban sprawl, Nyanga is one of the oldest Black townships in Cape Town. It was established in…
BiographyStephen Bantu Biko
IntroductionStephen (Steve) Bantu Biko was a popular voice of Black liberation in South Africa between the mid 1960s and his death in police detention in 1977…
ArticleNdebele
The four major ethnic divisions among Black South Africans are the Nguni, Sotho, Shangaan-Tsonga and Venda. The Nguni represent nearly two thirds of South…
ArticleMangosuthu Buthelezi was a man of immense political talent and contradictions
Mangosuthu Gatsha Buthelezi, who has died, was a history maker. He was born on 27 August 1928 into a tumultuous global century, and into the local conditions…
PlaceNewlands Cricket Stadium
Newlands hosted its first test match in March 1889, only five years after test cricket was first played at Lords. Not even a Country at the time, South Africa…
Chapter 1 - The Victory of the Nationalist Party in 1948
From: Lessons of the 1950s By Richard Monroe, March-May 1984 Chapter 1 - The Victory of the Nationalist Party in 1948 The African National Congress (ANC) arose…
ArticleDevelopments leading to the New Dispensation
By the late 1970s, and especially as a result of the June 1976 uprising, the Apartheid government was forced to consider reforms to Apartheid policy, pressured…
Article1973 Durban Strikes – TUCSA – Harriet Bolton
Following the 1973, Durban strikes, TUCSA seemed unwilling to hold to book employers. TUCSA had long paid lip service to the ideal of African unions registered…
ArticleHistory of the ‘Indian Opinion’ newspaper
The Significance of Indian Opinion by Uma Dhupelia-Mesthrie Department of History, University of the Western Cape Address to Conference on the Alternate…
Insurrections: The Storming
September 2015, District Six Homecoming Centre, Cape Town. Performance Curated by: Sumangala Damodaran, Tina Schouw and Ari Sitas Performance Visual: Piya…
ArticleThe Storming: Insurrections Ensemble
September 2015, District Six Homecoming Centre, Cape Town. Performance Curated by: Sumangala Damodaran, Tina Schouw and Ari Sitas Performance Visual: Piya…
ArticleA Culture of Survival
It was a struggle to survive in the city. Workers' wages did not keep pace with the cost of subsistence, and most black families lived below the bread line. …
ArticleBlack Community Programmes (BCP)
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, after the banning of the ANC and PAC, the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) resuscitated the anti-apartheid struggle in…