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ArticleWorld War I Timeline 1915
1 January Battle of Artois and Champagne in France begins. 31 January 1915 The German Army makes use of poison gas for the first time in an attack on the…
ArticleWorld War I Timeline 1916
18 February The German colony of Cameroon falls to French and British forces after 17 months of fighting. 21 February–19 December The Battle of Verdun…
ArticleSS Mendi
The sinking of the SS Mendi was caused by the reckless action of the captain of the SS Darro. It remains the greatest wartime maritime disaster ever suffered…
The Battle of Square Hill
Participation as combatants in the First World War was reserved for men of “European descent”. [i] According to Article 7 of the South African Defence Force…
ArticleDefeat of the Liberation struggle
Following the 1960 Sharpeville Massacre, the Government declared a State of Emergency (SOE), in 83 magisterial districts – the first state of emergency…
ArticleHarriet Bolton and the Garment Workers Industrial Union
By the 1950s, Harriet Bolton began to help with organising work in the unions. From the late 1960s Harriet Bolton was an executive committee member of TUCSA. …
Article1973 Durban Strikes – TUCSA – Harriet Bolton
Following the 1973, Durban strikes, TUCSA seemed unwilling to hold to book employers. TUCSA had long paid lip service to the ideal of African unions registered…
ArticleHarriet and the Bolton Hall Four
The “Bolton Hall Four” David Davis, David Hemson, Jeannette Cunningham-Brown and Halton Cheadle were banned for five years under the Suppression of Communism…
ArticleWages Commission
Soon after the 1971 garment workers’ strike at Currie’s Fountain, three students from the Durban campus of the University of Natal –David Hemson, Halton…
General Factory Workers Benefit Fund (GFWBF)
NUSAS students set up the General Factory Workers Benefit Fund (GFWBF) in 1972. They worked closely with Harriet Bolton of TUCSA. The aim of the GFWBF was,…
Institute for Industrial Education (IIE)
The Institute for Industrial Education (IIE) was founded in Durban, in May 1973, to serve as a school for trade unionists of all races and to provide basic…
ArticleThe Strikes and Popular and Political Support
By late February 1973, the spread of the strikes was the most significant development since Sharpeville and the turn to armed struggle. The striking workers…
ArticleMetal and Allied Workers Union
At a GFWBF meeting in Pietermaritzburg in April, metalworkers from two factories called for the establishment of a union. Two months later, the Metal and…
ArticleSASO Bannings
SASO came under increasing attack from the Government. In March 1973, eight Black Consciousness leaders were banned. In 1977, nine SASO members were sentenced…
ArticleTimeline of the 1973 Durban Strikes
1972 October and December - Strikes at the Durban docks October 1972 - when new wages for dockworkers were not implemented, stevedores in Cape Town and…
Article1973 Durban Strikes Conference , 26-28 January 2023 - Celebrating 50 Years
January 8, 2023, will mark the 50th anniversary of the 1973 Durban Strikes and the emergence of a new wave of independent non-racial trade unions. This was…
Coloured Section | First edition of the Bloemfontein Bantu And Coloured People`s Directory by John Mancoe
The growth of trade unionism in Cape Town and the formation of early political organisations
Khoisan Identity
In his State of the Nation address on 9th February 2012, President Zuma uttered a promise that provisions would be made ‘for the recognition of the Khoi-San…
The Anti-Coloured Affairs Department (Anti-CAD) Movement
ArticleThe Homelands
The Bantustans or homelands, established by the Apartheid Government, were areas to which the majority of the Blacks population was moved to prevent them from…
ArticleElizabeth Davenport: A teacher and member of the Black Sash by Cole Morgan
Elizabeth Davenport: A teacher and member of the Black Sash by Cole MorganAbstractElizabeth Davenport has been an integral part of the Black Sash movement from…
ArticleLiberation Struggle in South Africa
Although Apartheid only ‘officially’ started in 1948, repression was rife in South Africa long before that date. This special project examines the Freedom…
ArticleSouth Africa and the United Nations, 1946-1990
South Africa's racial policy and the UNOSouth Africa and apartheid was placed on the agenda of the United Nations for the first time in 1946 by India regarding…
The armed struggle and state repression of the 1960s
A turning point in the struggle against apartheid came about in the 1960s. This change was the result of combined elements, including the formation of the PAC,…
Apartheid - The early 1980s
The early 1980s There was little change in the situation from the late 1970s to the early 1980s in South Africa. After the crisis of the early and mid-70s,…
Apartheid - A Crime Against Humanity: The Unfolding of Total Strategy 1948-1989
The content of this article was taken from the book A Crime Against Humanity - Analysing the Repression of the Apartheid State edited by Max Coleman, (Cape…
ArticleSouth Africa and the Olympic Games
BackgroundWhat is today referred to as the “Ancient Olympic Games”, was a sports festival celebrated in honour of the Greek god Zeus in the town of Olympia. As…
ArticleRight to Organise Timeline 1500-1994
1500-1800 This period is marked by the advent and growth of the Atlantic Slave Trade affecting West Africa, Central and East Africa. On the Southern African…
ArticleThe Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM)
World opposition to Apartheid Enforced racial segregation in South Africa began with the arrival of the Dutch and English colonisers. Following its…