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ArticleCall for submissions: The Politics of Armed Struggle in Southern Africa Conference
… liberation movements from the early 1960s until the early 1990s and carrying significant weight in the lives of …
Grade 12 - Topic 4 - The end of the Cold War and a new global world order 1989 to present
… USSR in 1989 on the re-imagining of African nations in the 1990s the curriculum requires that certain countries are … was moving from useful US ally to an…
ArticleHistory Grade 11 - Topic 4 Essay Questions
… their political, economic, and social rights in the early 1990s. There are various that must be acknowledged in order …
In summary: Factors resulting in the crisis
… The emergence of South Africa's democracy in the 1990s The crisis of apartheid in the 1980s Factors …
Student Politics in the Era of Democracy
… and legitimate demands and needs. Whereas in the early 1990s the major national youth and women's organisations …
ArticleThe Land Act, Traditional Authorities and the Native Affairs Department (NAD) 1913-1953
Traditional authorities were indispensable in the application of the provisions in the 1913 Natives Land Act in areas of rural South Africa designated as …
ArticleThe Homelands
… and ended in the late twentieth century, around the mid 1990s. The term that was used consistently was “White South …
The search for Peter Johnson’s story
… to imprisonment on Robben Island, until his release in the 1990s. [iv] The remaining details of the event were … records to the Traffic and Fire Department…
ArticleHarriet Bolton and the Garment Workers Industrial Union
By the 1950s, Harriet Bolton began to help with organising work in the unions. From the late 1960s Harriet Bolton was an executive committee member of TUCSA. …
ArticleDespite the 1994 political victory against apartheid, its economic legacy persists by Haydn Cornish-Jenkins
… due to the employment of neoliberal policies since the 1990s. My analysis focuses on the disadvantaged economic … that the use of neoliberalism in South…
ArticleYouth and the National Liberation Struggle
The participation of young people in the liberation struggle preceded the student uprising of June 16, 1976. Before the establishment of the African National…
ArticleThe Drafting and Acceptance of the Constitution
… from which they were chosen. Negotiators in the early 1990s had agreed that the 1996 draft constitution would be … constitutional system was restructured…
ArticleAfrican Peoples Democratic Union of Southern Africa (APDUSA)
The African People’s Democratic Union of Southern Africa (APDUSA) was launched in Duncan Village outside East London in March 1961. The launch followed a…
ArticleDecember 16, the reflection of a changing South African heritage
IntroductionDecember 16 looms large in the history of South Africa. Today in the new South African it is celebrated as the Day of Reconciliation between Blacks…
Conflict among civic organisations
… rent increases and the maintenance of food subsidises. The 1990s were marked by intense rivalries and conflicts within …
ArticleOliver Reginald Tambo Timeline 1917 - 2011
… fall back, leading him to lose his speech due to a stroke. 1990s 1990 2 February Delivers a statement with other ANC …
ArticlePolitical executions in South Africa by the apartheid government 1961 - 1989
… APLA remained largely ineffective until the 1980s and 1990s. The Bethal Trial of 1979, where 18 members of the PAC …
Zulu Community
… emphasis fuelled some of the political violence of the 1990s. Buthelezi's nephew, Goodwill Zwelithini, was the Zulu monarch in the 1990s. Buthelezi and King…
ArticleBlack Consciousness: Cultural Expression and Representation
Though first publicized as a respected medium for the liberation struggle in 1967, poetry and literary expression had been popularized throughout the 1950s and…
ArticleBlack South African literature
The origins of Black South African literature in English lie in the Eastern Cape. The Glasgow Missionary Society founded the school of Lovedale at Alice in the…
Work and education
… to manage education during the political transition of the 1990s, charging it with the task of eliminating the …
ArticleJohannesburg the Segregated city
… mine dumps in the 1960s, and their total removal in the 1990s, has fostered the establishment of a number of middle …
ArticleThe influence of apartheid
… of Inkatha in Kwazulu Natal during the 1980s and early 1990s. The people of Moutse responded by organising mass …
ArticleGrade 11 - What were the consequences when pseudo-scientific ideas of Race became integral to government policies and legislation in the 19th and 20th centuries?
… to be wrong but also to be violating human rights. In the 1990s it was discovered that all people have a “mutual …
From Segregation to Apartheid
The gains achieved by the White minority in the first four decades of the 20th century were, by the 1940s, increasingly under threat however, as African…
ArticlePan-Africanism
Pan-Africanism is the belief that people of African descent have common interests and should be unified. Historically, Pan-Africanism has often taken the shape…
ArticleZion Christian Church (ZCC)
… fastest-growing of the African independent churches in the 1990s is the Zion Christian Church [i] . Its members, …
ArticleThe Black Sash: A History of Transformation
… Sash advice office doors to remain open well into the 1990s and present day as there were still many issues that …
‘Ubuqaba’ and ‘UbuGqobhoka’: Reading Zakes Mda’s Heart of Redness through a Post-Developmental lens by Rachel Fenton
… and reinforcing socio-economic inequalities. By the 1990s, development critics began to attribute cultural … were adopted by South Africa under the ANC in…
ArticleThe Angolan Civil War (1975-2002): A Brief History
… throughout the civil war. While a UN arms embargo in the 1990s prevented the sale of arms to Angola, dos Santos turned …