Timelines
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View the interactive timeline →Thabo Mbeki resigns as South Africa’s second democratic president
Thamsanqa Culture is a Weapon of Struggle

The 1913 Mineworkers’ Strike
Introduction: Background to the Strike The formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910 was a development that had vastly different…

The 1913 Women’s anti-pass campaign in the Orange Free State
When the Union of South Africa was established in 1910, there was already a foundation for pass system. However, over time men and women…
The 1943/44 National Conference of the Communist Party of South Africa PLANS FOR 1944

The 1956 Women’s March in Pretoria
The 1956 Women’s March in Pretoria, South Africa constitutes an especially noteworthy moment in women’s history. On 9 August 1956,…

The 1956 Women’s March, Pretoria, 9 August
‘Strijdom, you have tampered with the women, You have struck a rock.' So runs the song composed to mark this historic occasion. By…
The 1980s and the crisis of Apartheid
Please note that this section is detailed and we have broken it up into 3 pages: Use the page navigation on the right or bottom of the…
The 1992 referendum: Twenty years on - FW de Klerk 16 March 2012

The 1992 Whites only referendum ‘For’ or ‘Against’ a negotiated constitution
On 17 March 1992, President Frederick Willem de Klerk announced the results of a referendum in which only white people were allowed to…

The 1st Johannesburg Biennale
In an attempt to restore artistic exchange and dialogue after the Cultural Boycotts of the Isolation Years, the first Johannesburg Biennale…
The 2 nd Nelson Mandela Foundation Lecture, delivered by Archbishop Desmond Tutu , 23 November, 2004.

The 2nd Johannesburg Biennale
Bookmarked by Dan Cameron in Art Forum as “what may turn out to be the most important exhibition of the 1990s”, the 2nd Johannesburg…

The 52nd ANC National Conference - Polokwane 2007
The 52nd African National Congress (ANC) National Conference took place from 16 – 20 December 2007 at the University of Limpopo in…
The adoption of the Freedom Charter
The Freedom Charter was not adopted immediately by the ANC. The executives of the four organisations of the Congress Alliance met at the…