Timelines
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African National Congress Timeline 1970-1979
By the 1970s a number of leading figures in the ANC were in prison while others were in exile. Those that remained inside South Africa…
African National Congress Timeline 1980-1989
The 1980s witnessed an increase in attacks launched by the ANC through its armed MK inside South Africa. Conversely, the government…
African National Congress Timeline 1990-1999
During the 1990s, behind-the-scenes negotiations between the government and the ANC gathered pace. As part of that process, the ANC, PAC…
African National Congress Timeline 2000 -2010
During this period the ANC consolidated its hold on power but also faced both internal and external challenges. Significantly, the National…
African National Congress Timeline 2011 - 2020
AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS TIMELINE — 2011 – 2020 2011 8 January 2011 African National Congress (ANC) President Jacob Zuma delivers…
African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL)
The African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) was established on 2 April 1944, by Anton Lambede (who became the League’s first…
African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) Timeline 1944-2011
African Nationalism
Introduction Nationalism refers to an ideology, a form of culture, or a social movement that focuses on the nation. It emphasises the…
African nationalism and working-class & popular protests, 1910-1924
General Louis Botha headed the first government of the new Union of South Africa, with General Jan Smuts as his deputy. Their South African…
African Newspapers
African Peoples Democratic Union of Southern Africa (APDUSA)
The African People’s Democratic Union of Southern Africa (APDUSA) was launched in Duncan Village outside East London in March 1961. The…
African People’s Organisation (APO)
By the beginning of the twentieth century a number of political organisations initiated by Coloureds existed, most of which dealt with the…
African Resistance Movement (ARM)
Origins One of the defining moments in the struggle against apartheid in South Africa was the Sharpeville Massacre and its aftermath. The…
African Traditional Religion
Religion is an important part of millions of people's lives across the world. Thousands of African people are converted to Christianity…
Africanist News and Views (1968-1973)
Africanist News and Views, published by the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) of Azania (South Africa), expressed the Pan-Africanist viewpoint…